A comprehensive review of pre-lithiation/sodiation additives for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries

Lithium/Sodium-ion batteries(LIB/SIB)have attracted enormous attention as a promising electrochemical energy storage system due to their high energy density and long cycle life.One of the major hurdles is the initial irreversible capacity loss during the first few cycles owing to forming the solid electrolyte interphase layer(SEI).This process consumes a profusion of lithium/sodium,which reduces the overall energy density and cycle life.Thus,a suitable approach to compensate for the irreversible capacity loss must be developed to improve the energy density and cycle life.Pre-lithiation/sodiation is a widely accepted process to compensate for the irreversible capacity loss during the initial cycles.Various strategies such as physical,chemical,and electrochemical pre-lithiation/sodiation have been explored;however,these approaches add an extra step to the current manufacturing process.Alternative to these strategies,pre-lithiation/sodiation additives have attracted enormous attention due to their easy adaptability and compatibility with the current battery manufacturing process.In this review,we consolidate recent developments and emphasize the importance of using pre-lithiation/sodiation additives(anode and cathode)to overcome the irreversible capacity loss during the initial cycles in lithium/sodium-ion batteries.This review also addresses the technical and scientific challenges of using pre-lithiation/sodiation additives and offers the insights to boost the energy density and cycle life with their possible commercial exploration.The most important prerequisites for designing effective pre-lithiation/sodiation additives have been explored and the future directions have been discussed.

Fat,oil,and grease as new feedstock towards bioelectrogenesis in microbial fuel cells:Microbial diversity,metabolic pathways,and key enzymes

Microbial fuel cells(MFCs)are a well-known technology used for bioelectricity production from the decomposition of organic waste via electroactive microbes.Fat,oil,and grease(FOG)as a new substrate in the anode and microalgae in the cathode were added to accelerate the electrogenesis.The effect of FOG concentrations(0.1%,0.5%,1%,and 1.5%)on the anode chamber was investigated.The FOG degradation,volatile fatty acid(VFAs)production,and soluble chemical oxygen demand along with voltage output kinetics were analyzed.Moreover,the microbial community analysis and active functional enzymes were also evaluated.The maximum power and current density were observed at 0.5%FOG which accounts for 96 mW m^(-2)(8-folds enhancement)and 560 mA m^(-2)(3.7-folds enhancement),respectively.The daily voltage output enhanced upto 2.3-folds with 77.08%coulombic efficiency under 0.5%FOG,which was the highest among all the reactors.The 0.5%FOG was degraded>85%,followed by a 1%FOG-loaded reactor.The chief enzymes inβ-oxidation and electrogenesis were acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase,riboflavin synthase,and riboflavin kinase.The identified enzymes symbolize the presence of Clostridium sp.(>15%)and Pseudomonas(>10%)which served as electrochemical active bacteria(EAB).The major metabolic pathways involved in electrogenesis and FOG degradation were fatty acid biosynthesis and glycerophospholipid metabolism.Utilization of lipidic-waste(such as FOG)in MFCs could be a potential approach for simultaneous biowaste utilization and bioenergy generation.

Antibacterial conductive self-healing hydrogel wound dressing with dual dynamic bonds promotes infected wound healing

In clinical applications,there is a lack of wound dressings that combine efficient resistance to drug-resistant bacteria with good self-healing properties.In this study,a series of adhesive self-healing conductive antibacterial hydrogel dressings based on oxidized sodium alginate-grafted dopamine/carboxymethyl chitosan/Fe3+(OSD/CMC/Fe hydrogel)/polydopamine-encapsulated poly(thiophene-3-acetic acid)(OSD/CMC/Fe/PA hydrogel)were prepared for the repair of infected wound.The Schiff base and Fe3+coordination bonds of the hydrogel structure are dynamic bonds that can be repaired automatically after the hydrogel network is disrupted.Macroscopically,the hydrogel exhibits self-healing properties,allowing the hydrogel dressing to adapt to complex wound surfaces.The OSD/CMC/Fe/PA hydrogel showed good conductivity and photothermal antibacterial properties under near-infrared(NIR)light irradiation.In addition,the hydrogels exhibit tunable rheological properties,suitable mechanical properties,antioxidant properties,tissue adhesion properties and hemostatic properties.Furthermore,all hydrogel dressings improved wound healing in the infected full-thickness defect skin wound repair test in mice.The wound size repaired by OSD/CMC/Fe/PA3 hydrogel+NIR was much smaller(12%)than the control group treated with Tegaderm™film after 14 days.In conclusion,the hydrogels have high antibacterial efficiency,suitable conductivity,great self-healing properties,good biocompatibility,hemostasis and antioxidant properties,making them promising candidates for wound healing dressings for the treatment of infected skin wounds.

Mesoporous WO_3-graphene photocatalyst for photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue dye under visible light illumination

Advanced oxidation technologies are a friendly environmental approach for the remediation of industrial wastewaters. Here, one pot synthesis of mesoporous WO3 and WO3-graphene oxide（GO） nanocomposites has been performed through the sol–gel method. Then, platinum（Pt） nanoparticles were deposited onto the WO3 and WO3-GO nanocomposite through photochemical reduction to produce mesoporous Pt/WO3 and Pt/WO3-GO nanocomposites. X-ray diffraction（XRD） findings exhibit a formation of monoclinic and triclinic WO3 phases. Transmission Electron Microscope（TEM） images of Pt/WO3-GO nanocomposites exhibited that WO3 nanoparticles are obviously agglomerated and the particle sizes of Pt and WO3 are ~ 10 nm and 20–50 nm, respectively. The mesoporous Pt/WO3 and Pt/WO3-GO nanocomposites were assessed for photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue（MB） as a probe molecule under visible light illumination.The findings showed that mesoporous Pt/WO3, WO3-GO and Pt/WO3-GO nanocomposites exhibited much higher photocatalytic efficiencies than the pure WO3. The photodegradation rates by mesoporous Pt/WO3-GO nanocomposites are 3, 2 and 1.15 times greater than those by mesoporous WO3, WO3-GO, and Pt/WO3, respectively. The key factors of the enhanced photocatalytic performance of Pt/WO3-GO nanocomposites could be explained by the highly freedom electron transfer through the synergetic effect between WO3 and GO sheets, in addition to the Pt nanoparticles that act as active sites for O2 reduction, which suppresses the electron hole pair recombination in the Pt/WO3-GO nanocomposites.