含外圈剥落和不对中的齿轮-转子-轴承系统振动分析

轴承套圈的不对中和剥落是影响齿轮-转子-轴承系统振动特性的典型误差和故障。为了研究外圈不对中和剥落对系统的耦合影响,有必要对含不对中和剥落的齿轮-转子-轴承系统振动特性进行分析。首先,考虑外圈不对中和剥落,计算了轴承的五自由度非线性恢复力。然后,基于轮齿承载接触分析(LTCA)方法,计算了啮合刚度并且建立了直齿轮副的动力学模型。在此基础上,基于切片法建立了花键的等效刚度模型。最后,通过将轴承的恢复力模型、直齿轮副的动力学模型和花键的等效刚度模型与转子系统的有限元模型耦合,建立了齿轮-转子-轴承系统的动力学模型。分析表明,只有剥落位于承载区时,才会对轴承接触力、接触角和系统振动特性产生影响。外圈的不对中导致轴承的承载区范围增大,并使得剥落对系统产生影响的概率增加。

Research on modeling and self-excited vibration mechanism in magnetic levitation-collision interface coupling system

The modeling and self-excited vibration mechanism in the magnetic levitation-collision interface coupling system are investigated.The effects of the control and interface parameters on the system's stability are analyzed.The frequency range of self-excited vibrations is investigated from the energy point of view.The phenomenon of self-excited vibrations is elaborated with the phase trajectory.The corresponding control strategies are briefly analyzed with respect to the vibration mechanism.The results show that when the levitation objects collide with the mechanical interface,the system's vibration frequency becomes larger with the decrease in the collision gap;when the vibration frequency exceeds the critical frequency,the electromagnetic system continues to provide energy to the system,and the collision interface continuously dissipates energy so that the system enters the self-excited vibration state.

Theoretical and experimental investigations on an X-shaped vibration isolator with active controlled variable stiffness

A novel X-shaped variable stiffness vibration isolator(X-VSVI)is proposed.The Runge-Kutta method,harmonic balance method,and wavelet transform spectra are introduced to evaluate the performance of the X-VSVI under various excitations.The layer number,the installation angle of the X-shaped structure,the stiffness,and the active control parameters are systematically analyzed.In addition,a prototype of the X-VSVI is manufactured,and vibration tests are carried out.The results show that the proposed X-VSVI has a superior adaptability to that of a traditional X-shaped mechanism,and shows excellent vibration isolation performance in response to different amplitudes and forms of excitations.Moreover,the vibration isolation efficiency of the device can be improved by appropriate adjustment of parameters.

Erratum to:Vibration analysis of a gear-rotor-bearing system with outer-ring spalling and misalignment

Because of an unfortunate mistake during the production of this article,Figure 13 was wrongly inserted.The corrected Figure 13 is shown as follows.

Comparison of nonlinear modeling methods for the composite rubber clamp

The cubic stiffness force model(CSFM)and Bouc-Wen model(BWM)are introduced and compared innovatively.The unknown coefficients of the nonlinear models are identified by the genetic algorithm combined with experiments.By fitting the identified nonlinear coefficients under different excitation amplitudes,the nonlinear vibration responses of the system are predicted.The results show that the accuracy of the BWM is higher than that of the CSFM,especially in the non-resonant region.However,the optimization time of the BWM is longer than that of the CSFM.

含呼吸裂纹的旋转扭型变截面叶片的动态接触特性

航空发动机叶片经常发生裂纹故障失效,从而引发一系列事故。以往的研究主要集中在裂纹引起的非线性振动上,而裂纹呼吸过程中裂纹表面的接触状态往往被忽略。然而,考虑裂纹表面的接触行为是非常重要的,因为它会导致裂纹叶片的非线性振动。为了进一步研究裂纹诱发非线性振动的机理,本文提出了一种基于自编非协调六面体单元(SNCHE)的旋转叶片动态接触呼吸裂纹模型,并使用弹簧单元模拟呼吸效应。通过接触有限元模型验证了模型的有效性。此外,还研究了裂纹参数(裂纹深度和裂纹位置)及载荷参数(气动振幅和气动频率)对裂纹叶片动态接触特性的影响。在此基础上,提出了一个呼吸裂纹量化指标(BCQI)来表征呼吸裂纹的非线性水平。结果表明,在裂纹呼吸过程中,裂纹面从叶片侧面向裂纹尖端中心方向闭合。并且BCQI随裂纹深度、气动幅值和转速的增加而增大,随裂纹位置越靠近叶尖而减小。

基于改进分形方法的齿面磨损故障直齿轮啮合特性分析

考虑实际的轮齿表面微观形貌,建立了轮齿间相互作用的三维分形接触模型。结合轮齿承载接触分析方法,考虑轮齿间摩擦力的影响,建立了直齿轮副的时变啮合刚度模型,并通过有限元方法进行了验证。结合Archard磨损模型,考虑齿面粗糙度和摩擦力的影响,分析了齿面磨损故障状态下直齿轮副的啮合特性和磨损深度,同时分析了摩擦力和分形参数对时变啮合刚度和磨损深度的影响。摩擦力导致节线处的时变啮合刚度发生突变。当直齿轮副处于双齿啮合时,摩擦因数的增加和分形维数的降低导致磨损深度的增加和时变啮合刚度的降低。时变啮合刚度随分形维数的变化呈线性变化。分形维数对时变啮合刚度和磨损深度的影响随着磨损周期的增加更为明显,超过了摩擦因数对其的影响。

Dynamic stiffness characteristics of aero-engine elastic support structure and its effects on rotor systems:mechanism and numerical and experimental studies

The support structure of a rotor system is subject to vibration excitation,which results in the stiffness of the support structure varying with the excitation frequency(i.e.,the dynamic stiffness).However,the dynamic stiffness and its effect mechanism have been rarely incorporated in open studies of the rotor system.Therefore,this study theoretically reveals the effect mechanism of dynamic stiffness on the rotor system.Then,the numerical study and experimental verification are conducted on the dynamic stiffness characteristics of a squirrel cage,which is a common support structure for aero-engine.Moreover,the static stiffness experiment is also performed for comparison.Finally,a rotor system model considering the dynamic stiffness of the support structure is presented.The presented rotor model is used to validate the results of the theoretical analysis.The results illustrate that the dynamic stiffness reduces the critical speed of the rotor system and may lead to a new resonance.

滚动轴承静态和动态不对中对转子系统非线性振动特性的影响

在滚动轴承不对中问题的研究中,以往的研究中很少考虑轴承不对中对转子系统振动特性的影响。基于现有研究的局限性,首先,给出了一种考虑轴承不对中的5自由度非线性力模型,该模型综合考虑了轴承的平行和角不对中、静态与动态不对中、内圈与外圈不对中等多种情况。其次,将该模型应用在转子有限元模型中,分析了不对中对轴承动态接触特性和转子系统振动特性的影响。然后,给出了衡量轴承不对中程度的评价指标。最后,对比分析了平行和角不对中、静态与动态不对中的异同点。结果表明,轴承不对中提高了转子的共振转速,在共振区出现了幅值跳跃现象,表现出硬式非线性特征。从频率特征上来看,滚动轴承动态平行不对中和动态角不对中分别导致转子旋转频率成分fr和2fr的幅值增大。动态不对中导致轴承的承载区随着轴承内圈的旋转而时刻变化。该研究可为转子-轴承系统的故障识别提供理论依据和有价值的参考。

弹流润滑下考虑切片耦合的直齿轮啮合刚度的迭代模型

弹流润滑在减少齿轮表面的变形和摩擦方面起着关键作用,可提高齿轮传动的稳定性和可靠性。本文提出了一个模型来研究直齿轮中弹流润滑与时变啮合刚度之间的复杂关系,旨在求解弹流润滑下的直齿轮时变啮合刚度。本模型考虑了弹流润滑、切片耦合、延长啮合、齿轮体柔性耦合和修正的轮齿刚度的影响。为提高准确性,通过去除能量的重复计算来修正轮齿刚度。此外,还推导了切片耦合与变形协调方程之间的迭代关系。提出的模型通过MASTA软件和参考文献进行验证。分析了弹流润滑和切片耦合对直齿轮啮合特性的影响。研究结果显示,考虑切片耦合后,带有鼓向修形的直齿轮的时变啮合刚度显著增大,并且导致边缘的集中载荷转移到齿面的中间部位。

The semi-analytical modeling and vibration reduction analysis of the cylindrical shell with piezoelectric shunt damping patches

By considering electromechanical coupling, a unified dynamic model of the cylindrical shell with the piezoelectric shunt damping patch(PSDP) is created. The model is universal and can simulate the vibration characteristic of the shell under different states including the states in which PSDP cannot be connected, partially connected, and completely connected to the shunt circuit. The equivalent loss factor and elastic modulus with frequency dependence are proposed to consider the electrical damping effect of resistance shunt circuits. Moreover, the semi-analytical dynamic equation of the cylindrical shell with PSDP is derived by the Lagrange equation. An experimental test is carried out on the cylindrical shell with PSDP to verify the vibration suppression ability of PSDP on the cylindrical shell and the correctness of the proposed model. Furthermore, the parameter analysis shows that determining the appropriate resistance value in the shunt circuit can achieve a good vibration suppression effect.

Experimental and simulation studies on similitude design method for shock responses of beam-plate coupled structure

The similitude theory helps to understand the physical behaviors of large structures through scaled models. Several papers have studied the similitude of shock issues. However, the dynamic similitude for shock responses of coupled structures is rarely incorporated in open studies. In this paper, scaling laws are derived for the shock responses and spectra of coupled structures. In the presented scaling laws, the geometric distortion and energy loss are considered. The ability of the proposed scaling laws is demonstrated in the simulation and experimental cases. In both cases, the similitude prediction for the prototype's time-domain waveform and spectrum is conducted with the scaled model and scaling laws. The simulation and experimental cases indicate that the predicted shock responses and spectra agree well with those of the prototype, which verifies the proposed scaling laws for predicting shock responses.

Review on Dynamic Modeling and Vibration Characteristics of Rotating Cracked Blades

As one of the most important parts in the engine,the structure and state of the rotating blade directly affect the normal performance of the aeroengine.In order to monitor engine crack failure and ensure flight safety,it is necessary to carry out research on the dynamic modeling of the cracked blade and breathing crack-induced vibration mechanisms.This paper summarizes the current research status on the dynamics of cracked blade,and the related topics mainly include four aspects:crack propagation path,mechanical model of open and breathing cracks,dynamic modeling methods of cracked blades such as lumped mass model,semi-analytical model and finite element model,and dynamic characteristics of cracked blades.The review will provide valuable references for future studies on dynamics and fault diagnosis of cracked blade in aeroengine.

Coupled flapwise-chordwise-axial-torsional dynamic responses of rotating pre-twisted and inclined cantilever beams subject to the base excitation

A rotating pre-twisted and inclined cantilever beam model (RPICBM) with the flapwise-chordwise-axial-torsional coupling is established with the Hamilton principle and the finite element (FE) method. The effectiveness of the model is verified via comparisons with the literatures and the FE models in ANSYS. The effects of the setting and pre-twisted angles on the dynamic responses of the RPICBM are analyzed. The results show that:(i) the increase in the setting or pre-twisted angle results in the increases in the first-order flapwise and torsional frequencies while the decrease in the first-order chordwise frequency under rotating conditions;(ii) a positive/negative setting angle leads to a positive/negative constant component, while a positive/negative pre-twisted angle leads to a negative/positive constant component;(iii) when the rotation speed is non-zero, the pre-twisted angle or non-zero setting angle will result in the coupled flapwise-chordwiseaxial- torsional vibration of the RPICBM under axial base excitation.

Improved frequency modeling and solution for parallel liquid-filled pipes considering both fluid-structure interaction and structural coupling

The dynamic characteristics of a single liquid-filled pipe have been broadly studied in the previous literature.The parallel liquid-filled pipe(PLFP)system is also widely used in engineering,and its structure is more complex than that of a single pipe.However,there are few reports about the dynamic characteristics of the PLFPs.Therefore,this paper proposes improved frequency modeling and solution for the PLFPs,involving the logical alignment principle and coupled matrix processing.The established model incorporates both the fluid-structure interaction(FSI)and the structural coupling of the PLFPs.The validity of the established model is verified by modal experiments.The effects of some unique parameters on the dynamic characteristics of the PLFPs are discussed.This work provides a feasible method for solving the FSI of multiple pipes in parallel and potential theoretical guidance for the dynamic analysis of the PLFPs in engineering.

Nonlinear vibration analysis of pipeline considering the effects of soft nonlinear clamp

Soft nonlinear support is a major engineering project,but there are few relevant studies.In this paper,a dynamic pipeline model with soft nonlinear supports at both ends is established.By considering the influence of the Coriolis force and centrifugal force,the dynamical coupling equation of fluid-structure interaction is derived with extended Hamilton’s principle.Then,the approximate analytical solutions are sought via the harmonic balance method.The amplitude-frequency response curves show that different effects can be determined by approximate analysis.It is demonstrated that the increase in the fluid velocity can increase the amplitude of the pipeline system.The frequency range of unstable response increases when the fluid pressure raises.The combination of the soft nonlinear clamp and the large geometrical deformation of the pipeline affects the nonlinear vibration characteristic of the system,and the external excitation force and damping have significant effects on the stability.

Secure Synchronization Control for a Class of Cyber-Physical Systems With Unknown Dynamics

This paper investigates the secure synchronization control problem for a class of cyber-physical systems(CPSs)with unknown system matrices and intermittent denial-of-service(DoS)attacks.For the attack free case,an optimal control law consisting of a feedback control and a compensated feedforward control is proposed to achieve the synchronization,and the feedback control gain matrix is learned by iteratively solving an algebraic Riccati equation(ARE).For considering the attack cases,it is difficult to perform the stability analysis of the synchronization errors by using the existing Lyapunov function method due to the presence of unknown system matrices.In order to overcome this difficulty,a matrix polynomial replacement method is given and it is shown that,the proposed optimal control law can still guarantee the asymptotical convergence of synchronization errors if two inequality conditions related with the DoS attacks hold.Finally,two examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.

Natural Characteristic of Thin-Wall Pipe under Uniformly Distributed Pressure

Natural characteristics of thin?wall pipe of the compressor under uniformly distributed pressure were presented in this paper based on a cylindrical shell model. In the traditional method, the beam model was usually used to analyze the pipe system. In actual fact, the pipe segment of the compressor was always broken in the form of a long crack or a partial hole and the phenomenon was hardly explained by beam model. According to the structure characteristic of compressor pipe segment, whose radius is large and thickness is little, shell model shows the advantage in this kind of pipe problem. Based on Sanders’ shell theory, the vibration di erential equation of pipe was established by apply?ing the energy method. The influences of length to radius ratio(L/R), thickness to radius ratio(h/R), circumferential wave number(n) and pressure(q) on the natural frequencies of pipe were analyzed. The study shows: Pressure and structural parameters have a great e ect on the natural characteristics of the pipe. Natural frequency increases as the pressure increases, especially for the higher mode. The sensitivity of natural frequency on pressure becomes stronger with h/R ratio increases; when L/R ratio is greater than a certain critical value, the influence of the pressure on natural frequency will no longer be obvious. The value of n corresponding to the minimum natural frequency also depends on the value of pressure. In the end, analysis of the forced vibration of a specific pipeline model was given and the modal shapes were illustrated to understand the break of the pipe. The research here will provide the theory support for the dynamic design of related pressure pipe and further experiment study should be employed.

Analytical modeling and vibration analysis of fiber reinforced composite hexagon honeycomb sandwich cylindrical-spherical combined shells

This study analyzes and predicts the vibration characteristics of fiberreinforced composite sandwich(FRCS)cylindrical-spherical(CS)combined shells with hexagon honeycomb core(HHC)for the first time based on an analytical model developed,which makes good use of the advantage of the first-order shear deformation theory(FSDT),the multi-segment decomposition technique,the virtual spring technology,the Jacobi-Ritz approach,and the transfer function method.The equivalent material properties of HHC are firstly determined by the modified Gibson’s formula,and the related energy equations are derived for the HHC-FRCS-CS combined shells,from which the fundamental frequencies,the mode shapes,and the forced vibration responses are solved.The current model is verified through the discussion of convergence and comparative analysis with the associated published literature and finite element(FE)results.The effects of geometric parameters of HHC on the dynamic property of the structure are further investigated with the verified model.It reveals that the vibration suppression capability can be greatly enhanced by reducing the ratio of HHC thickness to total thickness and the ratio of wall thickness of honeycomb cell to overall radius,and by increasing the ratio of length of honeycomb cell to overall radius and honeycomb characteristic angle of HHC.

Learning-Based Switched Reliable Control of Cyber-Physical Systems With Intermittent Communication Faults

This study deals with reliable control problems in data-driven cyber-physical systems(CPSs) with intermittent communication faults, where the faults may be caused by bad or broken communication devices and/or cyber attackers. To solve them, a watermark-based anomaly detector is proposed, where the faults are divided to be either detectable or undetectable.Secondly, the fault's intermittent characteristic is described by the average dwell-time(ADT)-like concept, and then the reliable control issues, under the undetectable faults to the detector, are converted into stabilization issues of switched systems. Furthermore,based on the identifier-critic-structure learning algorithm, a datadriven switched controller with a prescribed-performance-based switching law is proposed, and by the ADT approach, a tolerated fault set is given. Additionally, it is shown that the presented switching laws can improve the system performance degradation in asynchronous intervals, where the degradation is caused by the fault-maker-triggered switching rule, which is unknown for CPS operators. Finally, an illustrative example validates the proposed method.