Freezing osteoblast cells attached to hydroxyapatite discs and glass coverslips: Mechanisms of damage

Damage mechanisms for osteoblast cells (OBs) attached to hydroxyapatite (HA) discs and glass coverslips were comprehensively investigated. Cell-cell, cell-matrix interaction altered the cryobiological properties of cells. Attached cells were sub- ject to more severe mechanical damage than isolated cells because attached cells had larger contacting area with ice and the three dimensional movements of iso- lated cells made them more flexible than attached cells that could only deform in one dimension. Results showed that the viability of attached OB cells decreased significantly compared with the viability of isolated OB cells under the same cryo- preservation procedure. Extracellular ice, differential thermal contraction, and mechanical stresses were the major damaging factors for OB cells attached to HA discs and glass coverslips.

一种支持产品平台设计的多准则模块划分方法（英文）

目的:研究多准则约束下的产品模块划分方法,为企业建立稳健的模块化产品平台奠定基础。方法:采用改进的多目标进化算法对建立的多准则模块划分数学模型求解,并采用模糊集合评价机制进行最优解的寻取,得到基于多准则模块划分方法的产品模块划分结果。结论:通过改进的多目标进化算法求解多准则模块划分模型,能够得到有效支持产品平台设计的产品模块划分方案。通过与已有优化方法的比较验证了本文提出的多准则模块划分方法的优越性。