A novel lipase gene(lip4346)encoding a primary translation product with 176 amino acids was screened from the genome fine mapping of the macroalgae-associated bacterial strain Microbulbifer sp.YNDZ01.Macroalgae were c...A novel lipase gene(lip4346)encoding a primary translation product with 176 amino acids was screened from the genome fine mapping of the macroalgae-associated bacterial strain Microbulbifer sp.YNDZ01.Macroalgae were collected from the coast of the Halmahera Island of Indonesia.The lip4346 gene was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli.The purified recombinant Lip4346 protein had a molecular mass of 19 k Da,a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE),and a maximum enzyme activity of 31.2 U m L-1.The optimal temperature and pH for the lipase activity of Lip4346 were 70℃and 10.0,respectively.Lip4346 was tolerant with a number of organic solvents and detergents,and was active toward triacylglycerols and p-nitrophenyl esters with short-and medium-chain lengths.The unique characteristics of Lip4346 indicate that it is a promising nonaqueous biocatalyst for industrial applications.展开更多
In order to quantitatively estimate the volume and property transports between the South China Sea and Indonesian Seas via the Karimata Strait, two trawi-resistant bottom mounts, with ADCPs embedded, were deployed in ...In order to quantitatively estimate the volume and property transports between the South China Sea and Indonesian Seas via the Karimata Strait, two trawi-resistant bottom mounts, with ADCPs embedded, were deployed in the strait to measure the velocity profile as part of the South China Sea-Indonesian Seas trans- port/exchange (SITE) program. A pair of surface and bottom acoustic modems was employed to transfer the measured velocity without recovering the mooring. The advantage and problems of the instruments in this field work are reported and discussed. The field observations confirm the existence of the South Chi- na Sea branch of Indonesian throughflow via the Karimata Strait with a stronger southward flow in boreal winter and weaker southward bottom flow in boreal summer, beneath the upper layer northward (reversal) flow. The estimate of the averaged volume, heat and freshwater transports from December 2007 to March 2008 (winter) is (-2.7±1.1)×10^6 m^3/s, (-0.30±0.11) PW, 2008 (summer) is (1.2±0.6)×10^6 m^3/s, (0.14±0.03) PW, (-0.18±0.07) × 106 m3/s and from May to September (0.12±0.04)×10^6 m^3/s and for the entire record from December 2007 to October 2008 is (-0.5±1.9)×10^6 m^3/s, (-0.05±0.22) PW, (-0.01±0.15)×10^6 m^3/s (nega- tive/positive represents southward/northward transport), respectively. The existence of southward bottom flow in boreal summer implies that the downward sea surface slope from north to south as found by Fang et al. (2010) for winter is a year-round phenomenon.展开更多
A wave–tide–circulation coupled model is used to simulate upwelling off the south coast of Java, Indonesia. The results show that the vertical velocity off East Java is stronger than other parts in this area. The st...A wave–tide–circulation coupled model is used to simulate upwelling off the south coast of Java, Indonesia. The results show that the vertical velocity off East Java is stronger than other parts in this area. The strongest vertical velocity is located approximately at 80 m depth.The annual averaged values of upwelling are 2.3 9 10-6and 1.06 9 10-5m/s for south of West Java and south of East Java, respectively. The vertical velocity from the model shows that upwelling off West Java has seasonal variability, while it is quite steady and strong off East Java.Additional numerical experiments show that the wind is not the dominant factor for the steady upwelling off the southern part of East Java. It is then hypothesized that the Indonesian Throughflow(ITF) may be responsible for the upwelling. To test this hypothesis, two scenarios are implemented, both of which block the outflow of the ITF.Sensitive study shows that the ITF plays a key role in the formation of East Java upwelling. The effect of the ITF can account for about 55 %–65 % of the upwelling.展开更多
基金financially supported by the China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association project(No.DY 135-B2-11)the China-ASEAN Maritime Cooperation Fund。
文摘A novel lipase gene(lip4346)encoding a primary translation product with 176 amino acids was screened from the genome fine mapping of the macroalgae-associated bacterial strain Microbulbifer sp.YNDZ01.Macroalgae were collected from the coast of the Halmahera Island of Indonesia.The lip4346 gene was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli.The purified recombinant Lip4346 protein had a molecular mass of 19 k Da,a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE),and a maximum enzyme activity of 31.2 U m L-1.The optimal temperature and pH for the lipase activity of Lip4346 were 70℃and 10.0,respectively.Lip4346 was tolerant with a number of organic solvents and detergents,and was active toward triacylglycerols and p-nitrophenyl esters with short-and medium-chain lengths.The unique characteristics of Lip4346 indicate that it is a promising nonaqueous biocatalyst for industrial applications.
基金The National Science Foundation of the United States under contract No.OCE-07-25935the Office of Naval Research of the United States under contract No.N00014-08-1-0618 (for US LDEO)+4 种基金the National Basic Research Program under contract No.2011CB403502the International Cooperation Program of China under contract No.2010DFB23580the International Cooperation Program of State Oceanic Administration of China under contract No.QY0213022the First Institute of Oceanography,the State Oceanic Administration of China under contract No.2010G06 (for Chinese researchers)the Lamont-Doherty Earth Obseruatory contribution No.7626
文摘In order to quantitatively estimate the volume and property transports between the South China Sea and Indonesian Seas via the Karimata Strait, two trawi-resistant bottom mounts, with ADCPs embedded, were deployed in the strait to measure the velocity profile as part of the South China Sea-Indonesian Seas trans- port/exchange (SITE) program. A pair of surface and bottom acoustic modems was employed to transfer the measured velocity without recovering the mooring. The advantage and problems of the instruments in this field work are reported and discussed. The field observations confirm the existence of the South Chi- na Sea branch of Indonesian throughflow via the Karimata Strait with a stronger southward flow in boreal winter and weaker southward bottom flow in boreal summer, beneath the upper layer northward (reversal) flow. The estimate of the averaged volume, heat and freshwater transports from December 2007 to March 2008 (winter) is (-2.7±1.1)×10^6 m^3/s, (-0.30±0.11) PW, 2008 (summer) is (1.2±0.6)×10^6 m^3/s, (0.14±0.03) PW, (-0.18±0.07) × 106 m3/s and from May to September (0.12±0.04)×10^6 m^3/s and for the entire record from December 2007 to October 2008 is (-0.5±1.9)×10^6 m^3/s, (-0.05±0.22) PW, (-0.01±0.15)×10^6 m^3/s (nega- tive/positive represents southward/northward transport), respectively. The existence of southward bottom flow in boreal summer implies that the downward sea surface slope from north to south as found by Fang et al. (2010) for winter is a year-round phenomenon.
基金supported by the China Scholarship Council during her stay at the Ocean University of China and the First Institute of Oceanography,SOA,China,during 2009–2012supported by the National Basic Research Program(973 program)of China(2010CB950300)
文摘A wave–tide–circulation coupled model is used to simulate upwelling off the south coast of Java, Indonesia. The results show that the vertical velocity off East Java is stronger than other parts in this area. The strongest vertical velocity is located approximately at 80 m depth.The annual averaged values of upwelling are 2.3 9 10-6and 1.06 9 10-5m/s for south of West Java and south of East Java, respectively. The vertical velocity from the model shows that upwelling off West Java has seasonal variability, while it is quite steady and strong off East Java.Additional numerical experiments show that the wind is not the dominant factor for the steady upwelling off the southern part of East Java. It is then hypothesized that the Indonesian Throughflow(ITF) may be responsible for the upwelling. To test this hypothesis, two scenarios are implemented, both of which block the outflow of the ITF.Sensitive study shows that the ITF plays a key role in the formation of East Java upwelling. The effect of the ITF can account for about 55 %–65 % of the upwelling.