Technical means and system guarantee of museumprotection and inheritance for intangible cultural heritage

Intangible cultural heritage has a rich connotation of unique thinking way, ethical imaginationand cultural awareness, which is an important sign of national spiritual culture. Possessing the specialvalues of professionalism, permanency, security and openness, with the advantages museums play acentral role in inheriting and rescuing our intangible cultural heritage. Museums have a lot of technicalmeans for museums to protect and inherit intangible cultural heritage, such as scientific research,preservation of material carrier, museum publications, displays on intangible cultural heritage, estab-lishing thematic museums. In intangible cultural heritage, agricultural heritage is the most importantpart. The core content of which is the ideas and methods of harmony between mankind and environ-ment. There is a variety of practices on the protection by China National Agricultural Museum.

Beginning of Summer:Everything Grows Towards its Prime

The Beginning of Summer is the first solar tenn of summer.The word"summer"has the meaning of"the growth of things".After the Beginning of Summer,with sunlight and rain becoming more abundant,crops enter a stage of rapid growth.Amidst the lively agricultural folk ceremonies,such as praying for seedlings,treat for summer,sacrifice to hail god,people are ready to welcome the upcoming busy season of summer.At the Beginning of Summer,the wind is warm and the day is long,which not only sets the prosperous scenery of summer,but also depicts the diligent cultivation of the fanners,and watches and promises the joy of summer harvest to come.

The End of Heat:Becoming Quiet in the Cool Days

The cool breeze blows the leaves,the sky is high and all.creatures begin to wither.The End of Heat contains the wisdom of harmonious coexisteirce between man and himself,man and nature and man and society.It represents the thinking that prosperity is bound to.decline and it's important to guard against arrogance and irritability.It reveals the concept of distinguishing thing und living and working by following nature It shows reverence for nature and thankfulness.It carries the idea of.keeping healthy by eating food that has medical benefits.

The Beginning of Spring:Everything Looks Beautiful and Fresh

Regarding the first of the twenty-four Solar Terms,there has been controversy since the Qin and Han dynasties.Some people think it is the Winter Solstice,while others believe it is the Beginning of Spring.However,whether in traditional agricultural society or contemporary daily life,it is commonly believed that the Beginning of Spring should be the first which is more in line with the change of seasons.

Minor Snow:Snow Signals a Bountiful Year,Bringing Peace and Joy to the Season

As one of the twenty-four solar terms,"Minor Snow"is undoubtedly an important shared temporal milestone for the Chinese people.Therefore,various regions have inherited distinctive agricultural activities,folk rituals,and culinary traditions during the Minor Snow period.This has elevated it beyond the literal meaning of the solar term,painting a vivid and inclusive picture of the Minor Snow season,rich in colors and vitality.

The Origin and Significance of the Twenty-Four Solar Terms in China

The "Twenty-Four Solar Terms" is an integrated knowledge system and functional social practice initiated and developed by ancient Chinese. Appling to their daily lives and agricultural production, based on records of the periodic motions of the sun, this knowledge system echoes seasonal and climate changes, phenological variation and reflects the features of ancient agricultural activities. As a comprehensive demonstration of their lives and production, it is a phenomenal achievement thanks to the ancient Chinese people's experience and wisdom. The "Twenty-Four Solar Terms" is also a cultural phenomenon unique to China, geographic location, the Yellow River Basin being at a mid-latitude zone with distinctive seasonal climate changes; its long-existing agrarian tradition, advanced agricultural philosophy and a harmonious lifestyle. In the meantime, while China's superior knowledge on astronomy made its formation technically possible, the "agriculture first" governmental policy and the "prefectures and counties" administrative system, introduced by governors from Qin and Han Dynasties, cultivated its formation institutionally. Besides, the "Twenty-Four Solar Terms" is the outcome of the harmonious civilization progress and traditional Chinese culture, which is different from Western Europe's aggressive and predatory industrial expansion. The "Twenty-Four Solar Terms" is still of great cultural and practical significance in China even today. It highlights the "unity of mankind and nature" philosophy and serves as another signature symbol of the Chinese culture. While China is more and more engaging in international affairs, the "Twenty-Four Solar Terms" facilitates the rest of the world to understand China from another angle.

The Beginning of Autumn:Beauty of Nature and Culture in China

On this day,people have watermelons and peaches,and fleshing out in autumn.This is part of China's food culture during different solarterms.There aredifferent customs towelcome the beginning of autumn across China such as cricket fighting,eating porridge and drying crops.Different traditions on this day showthe beautyofnatureandculture in China.

Classification of archaic rice grains excavated at the Mojiaoshan site within the Liangzhu site complex reveals an Indica and Japonica chloroplast complex

To understand rice types that were utilized during postdomestication and in the modern age and the potential of genetic research in aged rice materials,archaeogenetic analysis was conducted for two populations of archaic rice grains from the Mojiaoshan site during the Liangzhu Period in China(2940 to 2840 BC).Sequencing after the PCR amplification of three regions of the chloroplast genome and one region of the nuclear genome showed recovery rates that were comparable to those in previous studies except for one chloroplast genome region,suggesting that the materials used in this work were appropriate for recovering genetic information related to domestication traits by using advanced technology.Classification after sequencing in these regions proved the existence of Japonica and Indica chloroplasts in archaic grains from the west trench,which were subsequently classified into eight plastid groups(type I–VIII),and indicated that these rice grains derived from different maternal lineages were stored together in storage houses at the Mojiaohsan site.Among these plastid groups,type V exhibited the same sequences as two modern Indica accessions that are utilized in basic studies and rice breeding.It was inferred that part of the chloroplast genome of archaic rice has been preserved in modern genetic resources in these two modern Indica accessions,and the results indicated that rice related to their maternal ancestor was present at the Mojiaoshan site during the Liangzhu Period in China.The usefulness of archaeogenetic analysis can be demonstrated by our research data as well as previous studies,providing encouragement for the possibility that archaeogenetic analysis can be applied to older rice materials that were utilized in the rice-domesticated period.