Fruit Market in the City of Lavras,Minas Gerais,Brazil from 2004 to 2017

Fruit growing has achieved advances through the use of new technologies generated by research. In Brazil, it is one of the most prominent sectors in agribusiness, achieving significant results and generating business opportunities. In this way, the fruit market has grown considerably in the last decades, both in quantity and in quality. Allied to this, the changes in consumer behavior regarding food consumption have been responsible for the increase of the fruit market. The objective of this work was to know the evolution of the fruit trade in the city of Lavras, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in relation to the quantity sold, monetary value, losses in the gondolas of retail establishments and per capita consumption of the population of this city.

Initial Growth of Eucalyptus with Different Spatial Arrangements in Agrosilvopastoral Systems

Success of integrating livestock farming with forestry systems or SAF′s (Agroforestry Systems) highly depends on correct chose of the tree component and the best spatial arrangement of plants, for which eucalyptus has proven as an excellent option. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate eucalyptus wood yield under different spatial arrangements in agrosilvipastoral system. The arrangements were: single rows 10 × 2 m, double rows (2 × 3) + 15 m and (2 × 3) + 20 m and triple rows (3 × 2 × 3) +20 m. Silvicultural evaluations (DBH, tree height, tree volume and volume per hectare) were done eighteen months after experiment installation. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six repetitions and two trees per plot. Trees were arbitrarily identified in each spatial arrangement, numbered from 1 to 5, totaling 30 plots in each system. The DBH increased as the alleys became closer to each other, being higher in the10 × 2 m and (2 × 3) + 15 m systems;tree height increased in denser spacing—10 × 2 m, (2 × 3) + 15 m and (3 × 2 × 3) + 20 m;the volume of wood per plant and per hectare showed higher values in the 10 × 2 m and (2 × 3) + 15 m systems. The lowest yield was found in the system with the least amount of trees, i.e. (2 × 3) + 20 m (576 trees/ha).

Genetic Divergence among Progenies Resulting from the Crossing of Groups Coffee Timor Hybrid and Dilla ＆ Alghe

This study aimed to agronomically and morphologically characterize, as well as analyze the genetic divergence of Dilla ＆ Alghe x Timor hybrid progenies of the coffee germplasm bank of Minas Gerais in Brazil to improve the breeding and management schemes of the hybrids. Forty-two morpho-agronomic traits were evaluated and the generalized Mahalanobis distance was used to quantify the genetic divergence among progenies. Tocher clustering, unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages （UPGMA） method and canonical variation analysis were employed as clustering strategies. The Tocher and UPGMA methods have been separated the progenies into eight and five groups, respectively. Analysis of the relative contribution of each characteristic to genetic dissimilarity highlighted the characteristics of production in liters in 2009, production notes in 2009, and average uniformity of maturation in 2009 as those that contributed most to obtaining genetic divergence. The authors observed that the first three canonical variables accounted for over 99% of the total variance observed in the full set of analyzed characteristics. High variability was observed among the 15 progenies of Dilla ＆ Alghe × Timor hybrid progenies. The progenies MG0589 and MG0592, MG0593 and MG0589, MG0591 and MG0589, MG0589 and MG0588, MG0589 and MG0583 were the most suitable crosses for exploring the genetic variability in Dilla ＆ Alghe × Timor hybrid generated from the germplasm bank of Minas Gerais. Through these crossovers, it is expected to get new coffee cultivars with desirable agronomic characteristics, as resistant to Pseudomonas xyringae pv. garcae and some breeds ofHemileia vastatrix.

Groundwater Quality Assessment in Rural Areas of Caapiranga City in Brazilian Amazon

About 75% of the entire surface of the planet Earth is covered by water, with only about 3% of freshwater. The Amazon region has the largest freshwater basin in the world and the uncontrolled growth of the population in this region has become a problem concerning water contamination since a large part of the region’s population obtains water from artesian wells. This study aimed to investigate some physical-chemical parameters of groundwater in the municipality of Caapiranga, Amazonas (AM), Brazil. Water samples obtained from 14 tubular wells were evaluated, as well as a sample of surface water from Lake Caapiranga that passes in front of the municipality. The vast majority of water samples showed low pH, and were of the parameters established for drinking water, aquaculture and animal watering. High levels of nitrate are also found in most samples, which indicates contamination of these waters by domestic effluents. In wells 1, 6, 9 11, and 13 the levels of nitrate were very high and can cause serious diseases in people who use this water for consumption. According to the parameters evaluated, the quality of groundwater in 5 of the 14 wells is unfit for human consumption.

Economic Analysis of the Use of Restrictive Food Management in the Cultivation of Tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)in a Recirculation System

The development of more adequate food programs regarding the intensity and duration of the restriction can be an effective way to minimize the effects of exaggerated food consumption and its negative consequences for the economy of the business.In this sense,juvenile Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)(137±3 g)were submitted to different feeding strategies in a recirculation system.Five feeding strategies were tested in subsequent weekly cycles:continuous feeding;skipping one meal a week;suppression of two non-consecutive meals a week;suppression of three non-consecutive meals a week;suppression of four non-consecutive meals a week.Productive performance,feed consumption in the post-restriction period and economic indicators were evaluated through projections and profitability analyses.Compensatory intake occurred in all tested groups,so that the total feed intake(FI)did not differ significantly between them(p>0.05).Moderate food restriction provided a linear increase in the relative gross margin for each treatment with each change in salary level,as well as greater profitability when compared to the respective control group(p<0.05).

Alternatives of Control of Dawn Crop and Crop Mole in Pre-Harvest in Peasant Fruit

Fruit rot, besides causing losses in production, reduces the final quality of the product interfering in the commercialization. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of alternative products applied to pre-harvest for control of brown rot (Monilinia fructicola) and soft rot (Rhizopus spp.) In peaches. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Nepomuceno-MG, in a peach orchard of the cultivar Diamante. The experimental design was a randomized block design with 7 treatments and 3 replicates, with field plots formed by 12 plants (arranged in 3 rows), being considered for the evaluations only the two central plants. Three applications were made at flowering and at 21;7 and 3 days before harvest, with solutions containing the following treatments: 1-Clove oil 0.1%;2-silicate clay 1.5%;3-Phosphite K 0.20%;4-Benzalkonium chloride 0.25%;5-Azoxystrobin 0.02%;6-Iprodione 0.15%;7-Witness (water only). Treatments 4 and 5 were applied only at 21 and 7 days before harvest. Ten fruits were selected and placed in sterile trays under uncontrolled conditions, with disease evaluations at 3 and 6 days after the beginning of storage in 2005 and at 3;6 and 9 days in 2006. The iprodione controlled the incidence of M. fructicola and had no effect on Rhizopus spp. Clove oil controlled the incidence and severity of M. fructicola by the fifth day and Rhizopus spp. by the sixth day. The phosphites of k, benzalkonium chloride and azoxystrobin were efficient in controlling the incidence and severity of Rhizopus spp. and had no effect on M. fructicola.

Interaction between Soybean Cultivars and Seed Density

Plant, environmental conditions and management type will determine final crop yield. Enhanced yield can be reached by using well-adapted and potentially productive genotypes;all of them ally to crop cultural practices and management. Among these, seed density stands out, once it interferes with plant morphology and competition for water and nutrients. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of varied seed densities on agronomic traits in soybean, besides identifying cultivars with wide adaptability to different environments and seed densities. Six soybean cultivars were assessed under four seed densities (100, 200, 300 and 400 thousand plants·ha-1), in nine different environments from Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design with three replications. The BRSMG 760SRR and BRSMG 820RR cultivars had the best average performance independent of the environments and seed densities. The seed density of 300 thousand plants per hectare showed to be as the most adequate for soybean cultivation on the evaluated environments. Furthermore, seed density interacted with the agronomic traits in soybean.

Food Restriction Programs and Their Applications in Fish Aquaculture

Food restriction is a strategy to improve the productive efficiency of some aquatic organisms.It is expected with the implementation of food restriction programs to first reduce the feed consumption by the cultivated species and consequently reduce the waste load in the water.In addition,there is a lower employment of labor during periods of food restriction.However,the efficiency of the feed restriction and the compensatory gain of weight by the organisms cultivated will depend on the adaptation and the characteristics of the species in question.Several methodologies have tested forms of food restriction applied to fish farming.Some of them are addressed in this review,as well as results and comparisons made with several authors on the subject in question.The purpose of this paper was to describe the main reasons for using food restriction,its implications on fish organism and to compare results from previous studies.