Appropriate Scale of Breeding Cows in Family Operation of Yanbian Cattle

Family operation of breeding cow is the only way to realize modernization of animal husbandry. Through field survey of Yanbian cattle farmers, the main input indicators were analyzed, including number of breeding cows, number of breeding bulls, input of cattle house, feed cost, production equipment investment, and grazing rent. The slaughter number of store cattle per year was selected as the output index. The efficiency of family operation scale of Yanbian cattle was analyzed using BCC model of DEA. The results showed that the moderate scale of breeding cows in family operation with half grazing and half housing pattern was around 50 -60 cattle.

Study on the Discipline Reputation of Agricultural Colleges and Universities

This paper first studies the main factors affecting the reputation of colleges and universities,and then uses the analytic hierarchy process to analyze the discipline reputation of colleges and universities from student scale,quality of teaching,school site,and achievements in scientific research. Finally,this paper makes the following recommendations: strengthening specialty construction in agricultural colleges and universities; establishing the competitiveness assessment system for colleges and universities based on discipline competitiveness; scientifically choosing the suitable discipline when students choose colleges and universities and discipline; consolidating the basic position of undergraduate teaching; improving the teaching level and teaching ability of young teachers; creating a good academic research atmosphere based on agriculture.

Relational Analysis of Yanbian's Primary Industry of Forestry and Forestry Industry

In this paper,we use grey relational analysis method to systematically analyze the relational degree between Yanbian's forestry industry and three industries of forestry,and conclude that Yanbian's primary industry of forestry shows a downward trend in the development of forestry industry,so it is necessary to transform the traditional primary industry of forestry for the better development.

Correlative Analysis of Yanbian’s Primary Forestry Industry and Sub-industries

By selecting three indicators(timber cultivating and planting,timber harvesting,forest products),this paper uses grey relational degree to analyze the correlation between Yanbian’s primary forestry industry and sub-industries. Results show that there is a decline in the relational degree of three indicators concerning Yanbian’s primary forestry industry,but the relational degree of timber harvesting is still high and the relational degree of forest products is slightly increased.

Toxicity Test of Wood Vinegar Mixed with Different Fungicides on Rhizoctonia solani

There are few kinds of fungicides for the prevention and treatment of Rhizoctonia solani,and the excessive use of chemical fungicides can cause many hazards and toxic and side effects,not in line with the requirements of rice planting. The mixed use of wood vinegar and chemical fungicides can reduce the use of chemical fungicides,alleviate pollution and improve rice quality. In this experiment,the Horsfall method was used to study the synergistic inhibiting effect of mixture between wood vinegar and chemical fungicides on the growth of Rhizoctonia solani,as well as the optimal ratio. The results showed that when wood vinegar was mixed with Captan,the synergistic mixture ratio was 4∶6,3∶ 7 or 1∶ 9,and the toxicity ratio under mixture ratio of 4∶ 6 and 1∶ 9 was 1. 75 and 1. 99,respectively,with significant synergistic effect;when wood vinegar was mixed with Chlorothalonil,the toxicity ratio(1. 08) under mixture ratio of 8∶ 2 was greater than 1,showing additive effect.

Formula Screening of Low-Cost Lactobacillus Suspension and Its Fermentation Effects

[ Objective] The research aimed to study the low-cost medium instead of MRS to produce lactobacillus suspension and to provide a theoretical basis for the large-scale production of stalk fermented by lactobacillus. [ Method] Different concentrations of glucose and sodium chloride were added into the cooking liquor of maize flour, and lactobacillus was inoculated to ferment the stalk. The changes of pH were measured and compared with MRS medium. The optimum low-cost medium for producing lactobacillus and fermenting stalk was selected to ferment stalk. And the feeding experiment of cattle was made with fermented stalk and unfermented stalk to study the consumption quantity of different kinds of feeds. [ Resuit] The changes of pH in cornmeal and MRS media had the same tendency, but the decrease of pH in cornmeal medium was faster. The consumed quantity of fermented stalk feed was larger than that of unfermented feeds. [ Conclusion] Cornmeal medium can be used instead of MRS to produce lactobacillus and the production cost decreased more than 80%.

Analysis on Endowment of Empty Nesters in Tulu Village of Hunchun City in Jilin Province

with expansion of rural empty nesters,endowment of empty nesters has become a hot spot of the society. By means of questionnaire survey and interview,this paper analyzed basic situations of empty nesters in Tulu Village of Hunchun City in Jilin Province,including economic level,physical health,life care,and spirit situations. Next,it discussed major problems in endowment problem of empty nesters,including limited economic support,unoptimistic physical health,low ability of life care,and feeling of loneliness. Finally,it came up with pertinent recommendations on the basis of the analysis,including strengthening family endowment ability and improving socialized endowment service,strengthening practical living ability,improving life care ability with family endowment as primary and community endowment as auxiliary part,and expanding amusement and recreation ways of empty nesters.

Grey Relational Analysis on Industrial Structure of Animal Husbandry in Inner Mongolia

This paper introduces the connotation of grey relation and computation method of grey relational degree. Based on grey relational model and relevant data during 2003- 2012,this paper performs an empirical analysis of the internal structure of agricultural economy and the internal structure of animal husbandry in Inner Mongolia. The results show that animal husbandry and farming are two important sectors of agricultural economy in Inner Mongolia,and within animal husbandry,the influence of dairy cow,mutton,beef and goat wool production is most obvious. Based on this,this paper puts forth the following recommendations: stabilizing the dominant position of farming and animal husbandry in the agricultural economy; continuing to adjust and optimize the internal structure of agricultural economy; reasonably and guide the development of various industries within animal husbandry.

Occurrence Characteristics and Control of Thrips tabaci in Yanji City

With the increasing plant area of welsh onion, onion and Chinese onion, the damage of Thrips tabaci in Yanji City is aggravating day by day. Through preliminary investigation and literature reading, we summarized occurrence status, morphological characteristics, damage characteristics, occurrence regularity, living habit, outbreak cause and integrated control technology of T. tabaci in Yanji City, in order to control the hazard of T. tabaci effectively.

Development of Animal Husbandry in Hunchun City of Jilin Province

Based on actual situations of the development of animal husbandry in Hunchun City of Jilin Province,this paper analyzed advantages of development of animal husbandry in Hunchun City. Besides,it elaborated current situations of development of animal husbandry in Hunchun City. Finally,it introduced existing problems in animal husbandry of Hunchun City,and came up with recommendations for the development of animal husbandry of Hunchun City.

Effects of Agitating Intensity on Anaerobic Digestion Performance of Corn Straw Silage

Anaerobic fermentation can increase biomass energy use efficiency of crop straws and realize win-win of energy and environment.This paper explored the biogas generation performance of anaerobic digestion of cow dung liquid as nitrogen source in three different levels of stirring intensity at 30℃ constant temperature condition. Through p H value,biogas production,chemical oxygen demand( COD),methane content,volatile fatty acid( VFA),principal component analysis( PCA) and modified Gompertz model,effects of agitating intensity on anaerobic digestion performance of corn straw silage were evaluated. Results indicate that the COD removal rate of three agitating intensity levels is higher than 85%,and p H value is about 6.5; the cumulative biogas production after 20 days is 2h > 4h > 1h of agitating; in the49 th day,the biogas production is 1.9 Lat 30 min /2h,1.7 L at 30 min /4 h,and 1. 6 Lat 30 min / h; the maximum biogas production rate is 30 min /2h > 30 min /4h > 30 min / h; and the maximum methane production rate is 30 min /4h > 30 min /2h > 30 min / h; in the same energy consumption,the biogas production at 30 min /4h is higher than 1h. In conclusion,overall analysis of energy consumption and economic factors indicate that 30 min /4 h agitating intensity is more suitable for straw biogas fermentation project. This study is expected to provide theoretical foundation for biogas fermentation project.

The Practice of Forest Certification in Canada and the Lessons for China

Forest certification has become an important governance mechanism of improving forest management.The present situation of forest certification in Canada is introduced in this paper,and the measures for promoting forest certification in Canada are analyzed.By referring to the experience of Canada,several recommendations are put forward for promotion of forest certification in China.

Changes in Soil Nutrients of Farmland with Different Cultivation Years of Panax ginseng

Through analyzing the soil organic matters(N,P,K) of farmland cultivated with different years of Panax ginseng,this paper studied the changes in soil nutrients of farmland with different vertical depths and cultivation years of P.ginseng.Results indicated that the vertical structure was obvious in soil nutrients of farmland with different cultivation years of P.ginseng;in most cases,the soil nutrient content gradually declined with the fibrous roots of P.ginseng spreading downward;the soil electrical conductivity(EC),total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),total potassium(TK),available nitrogen,available phosphorus were manifested as surface layer > root layer > bottom layer,while the available potassium was manifested as surface soil and bottom layer > root layer;the soil pH changed in the range of 5.69-6.22,suitable for growth of P.ginseng.It is expected to provide theoretical basis for improvement of soil nutrients of farmland with cultivation of P.ginseng.

Antifungal Activities of Eight Fungicides against Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht

[Objective]The paper was to screen fungicides with strong antifungal activities against Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht,and to provide a theoretical basis for controlling root-rot of Rhodiola sachalinensis A. Bor. [Method]Using mycelial growth rate method,the indoor antifungal activities of eight fungicides against F. oxysporum were studied. [Result]Eight fungicides at different concentrations performed different antifungal activities. Toxicity test results showed that the EC_（50） value of Difenoconazole was the smallest（ 4. 267 4 mg/L）,followed by Mancozeb（ 6. 952 5 mg/L）,and the EC_（50） of Thiram,Captan and Procymidone were relatively small from 25 to 50 mg/L. [Conclusion]Among eight fungicides,Difenoconazole had the best antifungal effect against F. oxysporum,while Mancozeb,Thiram,Captan and Procymidone had good control effects as well.

Effects of Different Shading Treatments on Agronomic Characters of Cultivated Ginseng(Panax ginseng)in Farmland

As the main environmental factor of ginseng growth,illumination plays an important role in ginseng（ Panax ginseng） growth and development. Although ginseng is a shade-demanding plant,we need to get higher yield and quality under ideal light conditions. Three different illumination conditions for growth were created through different shading treatments. It was concluded that the adjustment of illumination according to monthly irradiance is beneficial to ginseng growth; appropriate illumination significantly affected root diameter; and SPAD value could also be used in the production of ginseng,but different light environments have influences on its accuracy. Reasonable light adjustment could improve the accuracy of the prediction value of SPAD.

Dihydroergotamine ameliorates liver fibrosis by targeting transforming growth factor β type Ⅱ receptor

BACKGROUND The transforming growth factor β(TGFβ) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the development of liver fibrosis by activating TGFβ type Ⅱ receptor(TGFβR2), followed by the recruitment of TGFβR1 finally triggering downstream signaling pathway.AIM To find drugs targeting TGFβR2 that inhibit TGFβR1/TGFβR2 complex formation, theoretically inhibit TGFβ signaling pathway, and thereby ameliorate liver fibrosis.METHODS Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs were screened for binding affinity with TGFβR2 by virtual molecular docking. We identified 6 candidates and further explored their potential by Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8) cell cytotoxic experiment to validate toxicity and titrated the best cellular working concentrations. Next, we further demonstrated the detailed molecular working mechanisms using mutagenesis analysis. Finally, we used a mouse model to investigate its potential anti-liver fibrosis effect.RESULTS We identified 6 drug candidates. Among these 6 drugs, dihydroergotamine(DHE) shows great ability in reducing fibrotic gene expressions such as collagen, p-SMAD3, and α-SMA in TGFβ induced cellular model of liver fibrosis in LX-2 cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that DHE binds to TGFβR2. Moreover, mutation of Leu27, Phe30, Thr51, Ser52, Ile53, and Glu55 of TGFβR2 disrupted the binding of TGFβR2 with DHE. In addition, DHE significantly improved liver fibrosis, as evidenced by Masson’s trichrome staining of liver sections. This is further supported by the width and the velocity of the portal vein, and serum markers of liver function. In line with those observations, DHE also decreased macrophages infiltration and extracellular matrix deposition in the liver.CONCLUSION DHE alleviates liver fibrosis by binding to TGFβR2 thereby suppressing TGFβ signaling pathway. We show here that as far as drug repurposing, DHE has great potential to treat liver fibrosis.

氟苯尼考对内毒素休克小鼠生存率和细胞因子的影响

AIM: To study the effects of florfenicol on early cytokine response and survival in treatment of infected murine induced by septic shock. METHODS: The effect of florfenicol on cytokine production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages was investigated by using a mouse macrophage cell line. The influence of florfenicol on the survival rate of mice injected with lethal dose of endotoxin and early cytokine responses in endotoxemia mice were determined. The serum cytokine productions of mice were determined at different time points. RESULTS: Florfenicol significantly reduced the productions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the supernatant of cells as well as slightly attenuated the secretions of interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and interleukin IL-10 (IL-10). No significant difference in IL-1β concentration was observed between florfenicol-treated group and control group. However, florfenicol significantly increased serum IL-10 concentration of mice. Finally, it was found that florfenicol (at the dose of 100 mg/kg) significantly increased the survival rate of mice compared to the control group after mice were administrated LPS. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that florfenicol can improve survival rate of endotoxemia mice via modulating early cytokine responses and antibiotics mighty be of potential usefulness in treatment of bacterial shock.

On Modern Fruit Production in Japan

Japan's fruit tree production technology is in the world leading level. In order to understand Japan's fruit tree production,by through visits to Japan and data collection,this paper analyzes the changes in Japan's fruit tree cultivation area,regional distribution of fruit tree cultivation,main cultivars and market circulation in recent years. The results show that Japan's fruit tree cultivation area underwent great volatility in the 1980 s and 1990 s and it has been stabilized in recent years; the cultivation area of principal fruit tree is reduced,while the cultivation area of new fruit trees and characteristic fruit tree varieties is increased; the regionalization of fruit tree is obvious and the main cultivars are clear. Japan's principal fruit price goes through slight fluctuations during the year while the price of cherries and peaches goes through great fluctuations. It is concluded that Japan's fruit tree industry is stably developed.

Embryo Transfer by Surgical Method with Landrace as Receptor Sow

[ Objective] The paper was to test the feasibility of embryo transfer technique in pig production. [ Method ] Twenty-four estrus muhiparity Landraee sows provided by Longjing Agricultural Science and Technology Institute were performed embryo transfer surgery, and postoperative effects were observed. [ Result] Totally 11 out of 24 receptor sows were pregnant ; pregnant sows delivered 67 cloned piglets, and the average farrowing rate of sows was approximately 6 piglets/sow. There were 22 mortalities of newborn piglets because of various reasons. [ Conclusion] Embryo transfer technique is an indispensable link in pig production, and an important means of pig breeding and improvement.

A Study on Ginseng Price Fluctuations in China and South Korea

China and South Korea are the main producers and exporters of ginseng. This paper mainly discusses the characteristics of ginseng price fluctuations in China and South Korea. As people continue to understand the concept of homology of medicine and food,there is still an increasing international demand for ginseng,and the favorable market can be expected.