Tuberculous otitis media(TOM) is a rare manifestation caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis with low incidence rates among extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases. Diagnosis is often delayed because of the presence of severa...Tuberculous otitis media(TOM) is a rare manifestation caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis with low incidence rates among extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases. Diagnosis is often delayed because of the presence of several clinical manifestations and the high prevalence of secondary bacterial infections. Few reports have attributed secondary bacterial infections in patients with TOM to commensal Neisseria. Thus, understanding the pathogenic mechanisms and clinical features of commensal Neisseria is important, considering its recent presentation as an infection-causing pathogen. Neisseria mucosa is a commensal inhabitant in humans and is generally considered non-pathogenic but can cause infection in rare cases. Here, we report an atypical secondary infection caused by Neisseria mucosa in an 81-year-old woman with TOM being treated for pulmonary tuberculosis. Direct purulent otorrhea smear microscopy revealed no acid-fast bacilli using Ziehl-Neelsen staining, whereas the phagocytosis of gram-negative cocci by white blood cells was confirmed using Gram staining. Otorrhea culture revealed the growth of N. mucosa. Subsequently, M. tuberculosis infection in the otorrhea was identified using a culture-based method. Vigilance is critical for the early detection of TOM to prevent further complications. This report raises awareness regarding TOM and provides insight into the pathogenicity of N. mucosa in otitis media.展开更多
In recent years, research on the estimation of human emotions has been active, and its application is expected in various fields. Biological reactions, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and root mean square success...In recent years, research on the estimation of human emotions has been active, and its application is expected in various fields. Biological reactions, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and root mean square successive difference (RMSSD), are indicators that are less influenced by individual arbitrariness. The present study used EEG and RMSSD signals to assess the emotions aroused by emotion-stimulating images in order to investigate whether various emotions are associated with characteristic biometric signal fluctuations. The participants underwent EEG and RMSSD while viewing emotionally stimulating images and answering the questionnaires. The emotions aroused by emotionally stimulating images were assessed by measuring the EEG signals and RMSSD values to determine whether different emotions are associated with characteristic biometric signal variations. Real-time emotion analysis software was used to identify the evoked emotions by describing them in the Circumplex Model of Affect based on the EEG signals and RMSSD values. Emotions other than happiness did not follow the Circumplex Model of Affect in this study. However, ventral attentional activity may have increased the RMSSD value for disgust as the β/θ value increased in right-sided brain waves. Therefore, the right-sided brain wave results are necessary when measuring disgust. Happiness can be assessed easily using the Circumplex Model of Affect for positive scene analysis. Improving the current analysis methods may facilitate the investigation of face-to-face communication in the future using biometric signals.展开更多
Objective:To determine whether cervical ultrasonography,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and magnetic resonance angiography(MRA)are useful in the differential diagnosis of etiology and understanding the pathophysiology...Objective:To determine whether cervical ultrasonography,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and magnetic resonance angiography(MRA)are useful in the differential diagnosis of etiology and understanding the pathophysiology in cases of apogeotropic direction-changing positional nystagmus(DCPN).Methods:Thirty patients with apogeotropic DCPN were classified into 11 cases of central disease,seven cases of mixed central and peripheral disease,and 12 cases of peripheral disease by differential diagnosis based on various balance function,neuro-otological,and imaging tests.Cervical ultrasonography using the cervical rotation method and MRI and MRA of the head and neck were performed in most patients with apogeotropic DCPN.We reviewed the presence of abnormal imaging findings according to the disease etiology.Results:Of the 30 patients with apogeotropic DCPN,23 showed vascular abnormalities or central lesions on imaging.Vascular lesions were found in six of the 12 patients with peripheral disease.Cervical ultrasonography with cervical rotation detected blood flow disturbance in the vertebral artery in eight patients in whom the disturbance could not be detected by MRI or MRA of the head and neck.Discussion:We hypothesize that the causative disease of apogeotropic DCPN may be strongly associated with circulatory insufficiency of the vertebrobasilar and carotid arteries,and that impaired blood flow in these vessels may affect peripheral vestibular and central function.In patients with apogeotropic DCPN,examinations of vestibular function,central nervous system symptoms,and brain hemodynamics are valuable for differential diagnosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Holoprosencephaly(HPE)is a congenital malformation with various degrees of incomplete separation of the cerebral hemispheres due to differentiation disorders of the forebrain.Although HPE with diabetes insi...BACKGROUND Holoprosencephaly(HPE)is a congenital malformation with various degrees of incomplete separation of the cerebral hemispheres due to differentiation disorders of the forebrain.Although HPE with diabetes insipidus due to associated pituitary dysfunction has been reported,HPE with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion(SIADH)is very rare.Tolvaptan,a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist,is effective in adults with SIADH.However,there is no report of its efficacy in infants with SIADH.The purpose of this report is to demonstrate that tolvaptan is effective for SIADH in infants and that administration of tolvaptan eliminates the need for restriction of water intake and sodium administration.CASE SUMMARY A 2414-g female infant was born at 38 wk by normal vaginal delivery.Facial anomalies and head magnetic resonance imaging indicated semilobar HPE.After birth,she had hyponatremia due to SIADH and was treated using water and sodium restriction.However,she developed an exaggerated response to the fluid restrictions,resulting in large fluctuations in serum sodium levels.Subsequent administration of tolvaptan improved the fluctuations in serum sodium levels without the need for adjustment of water or sodium administration.Serum sodium was maintained within the normal range after discontinuation of tolvaptan at 80 d of life.There were no side effects,such as hypernatremia or liver dysfunction,during the administration of tolvaptan.CONCLUSION This is the first report on the safety and efficacy of tolvaptan in an infant with SIADH associated with HPE.展开更多
Recently,endoscopic intraductal radiofrequency ablation(ID-RFA)has attracted attention as a local treatment method for malignant biliary obstruction(MBO).IDRFA causes coagulative necrosis of the tumor tissue in the st...Recently,endoscopic intraductal radiofrequency ablation(ID-RFA)has attracted attention as a local treatment method for malignant biliary obstruction(MBO).IDRFA causes coagulative necrosis of the tumor tissue in the stricture and induces exfoliation.Its effects are expected to extend the patency period of biliary stents and prolong the survival period.Evidence for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(eCCA)is gradually accumulating,and some reports show significant therapeutic effects in eCCA patients without distant metastasis.However,it is still far from an established treatment technique,and many unsolved problems remain.Therefore,when performing ID-RFA in clinical practice,it is necessary to understand and grasp the current evidence well and to operate appropriately for the true benefit of the patients.This paper reviews the current status,issues,and prospects of endoscopic ID-RFA for MBO,especially for eCCA.展开更多
Anticancer drug preparation by pharmacists is a critical task directly related to medical incidents. This study examined the factors influencing medical errors in chemotherapy, that is, errors by specialist pharmacist...Anticancer drug preparation by pharmacists is a critical task directly related to medical incidents. This study examined the factors influencing medical errors in chemotherapy, that is, errors by specialist pharmacists (CPh) and pharmacists in other departments (NCPh), by measuring their gaze during the preparation of anticancer drugs. The eye-tracking results showed that the gazing time of NCPh was significantly longer than that of CPh for items such as “preparation of a closed-system device” and “preparation of the syringe” and all preparation times (P < 0.05). The NCPh were not assigned to prepare drugs on a regular basis, indicating their lack of familiarity with the process. There was no significant difference in gaze ratio between CPh and NCPh. This outcome was suggested to be a result of the use of an anticancer drug preparation support system. The results for the pupil diameter variation rate showed that NCPh were significantly more mydriatic in the “mixing injections” category than CPh. However, CPh tended to be more mydriatic in the “checking” category. CPh exhibited a smooth workflow and focused on the important items to be checked. This study showed that the differences in procedure flow and concentration points may lead to errors. Furthermore, the results are of interest from the perspective of medical incident prevention. They will be useful in identifying potential human factors, such as where the pharmacist focuses their attention by measuring eye movements.展开更多
Background: Pharmacists must adjust their distance from patients to facilitate communication during interviews and gain their trust. The distance between the patients and the pharmacists varies depending on many facto...Background: Pharmacists must adjust their distance from patients to facilitate communication during interviews and gain their trust. The distance between the patients and the pharmacists varies depending on many factors, such as gender, posture and the patients’ mood. Only a few of these papers have actually measured and validated distance with patients. In this study, we validated our method of assessing mood and measuring distance before beginning a survey with patients. Methods: We measured comfortable interpersonal distance among men and women using an ecological scenario, in which a pharmacist approaches the subject, and the subject is asked to stop the pharmacist at the distance he/she feel comfortable with. Five pharmacists and 33 subjects participated in the study. The Japanese version of the Brief Mood Questionnaire Checklists (BMC-J) was used to quantify the subject’s mood for the day, and then the distance from the pharmacist that the subjects considered comfortable was measured at the bedside. The relationship between the mood and distance obtained was examined. Results: The comfortable distance of subjects was influenced by gender, posture, and mood. The shortest distance was 94.7 ± 11.1 cm (mean ± SD), for the male subjects versus the female pharmacists in the sitting position. The distance of male subjects shorted when they had positive emotions and lengthened when they were worried. Female subjects maintained a long distance from both male and female pharmacists when they had positive emotions and a short distance when they were worried. Conclusion: Findings show that the distance changes depending on the subjects’ mood at the time of measurement. It was found that the present measurement method can be used to determine the psychological state of the patient and measure the comfort distance at that time, and can be used as a simple method to examine these relationships. Therefore, it is also considered a practical method for the next step, which is a clinical study on patients.展开更多
Background: Isolated tricuspid valve disease remains a controversial indication for surgical intervention. Many patients referred for surgery already have a poor clinical condition and an advanced New York Heart Assoc...Background: Isolated tricuspid valve disease remains a controversial indication for surgical intervention. Many patients referred for surgery already have a poor clinical condition and an advanced New York Heart Association functional class. There is no consensus on the optimal surgical technique for this condition, including on whether to perform the procedure on a beating or an arrested heart and whether to perform valve repair or replacement. Methods: We analyzed four case series between 2015 and 2022 in which patients with secondary tricuspid regurgitation (TR) underwent valve repair on a beating heart and right atrial plication for a dilated right atrium. The TRI-SCORE was calculated for each patient. Results: All patients experienced a favorable postoperative course with significant improvements in heart failure symptoms. TR was markedly reduced;however, in one patient with concomitant mitral regurgitation (MR) and a high TRI-SCORE, MR worsened postoperatively. This patient later died from unknown causes due to multiple comorbidities in the late phase. Conclusions: Tricuspid valve repair on a beating heart was effective for improving the cardiac function, and the TRI-SCORE proved useful as a preoperative risk assessment tool. The underlying mechanism by which TR exacerbates MR requires further investigation.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate how people’s subjective health changed after the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.This survey was conducted in May 2021 as a nationwide online self-reported survey in Japan.T...This study aimed to investigate how people’s subjective health changed after the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.This survey was conducted in May 2021 as a nationwide online self-reported survey in Japan.The respondents indicated how their sleep,physical condition,and mental state altered after the pandemic.Furthermore,they answered questionnaires about their intention to get vaccinated,the means of gathering information,etc.A logistic regression analysis was performed.Of the 2,573 responses,there was a decline of approximately 13.6%,14.0%,and 23.8%in subjective sleep,physical condition,and mental health after the pandemic,respectively.The logistic regression analysis demonstrated that regarding sleep,the affected group was younger,got vaccinated against influenza annually,had lower income,experienced poor sleep quality in the past month,and had worse physical and psychiatric symptoms than before the pandemic.Concerning the physical condition,the affected group lived alone,witnessed deficient sleep quality in the past month,and had deteriorated mental health status than before the COVID-19 pandemic.In terms of mental status,the affected group was younger,females,had access to more sources of information,and experienced worse sleep and physical conditions than the unchanged or improved group(p<0.05).Each group indicated an association with the background factors,confirming that the subjective sleep,physical condition,and mental state affected each other.From a preventive perspective,the results of this study suggested that factors such as youth,gender,sleep quality,pregnancy,reduced income,and greater access to information,may be necessary for physical and mental support.The above-mentioned factors should be considered in light of community life and approached accordingly.展开更多
AIM: To investigate whether a glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) analogue inhibits nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), which is being increasingly recognized in Asia, in non-obese mice. METHODS: A methionine-choline-defic...AIM: To investigate whether a glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) analogue inhibits nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), which is being increasingly recognized in Asia, in non-obese mice. METHODS: A methionine-choline-deficient diet(MCD) along with exendin-4(20 μg/kg per day, ip), a GLP-1 analogue, or saline was administered to male db/db mice(non-obese NASH model). Four or eight weeks after commencement of the diet, the mice were sacrificed and their livers were excised. The excised livers were examined by histochemistry for evidence of hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Hepatic triglyceride(TG) and free fatty acid(FFA) content was measured, and the expression of hepatic fat metabolism- and inflammation-related genes was evaluated. Oxidative stress-related parameters and macrophage recruitment were also examined using immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: Four weeks of MCD feeding induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation and increased the hepatic TG and FFA content. The expression of fattyacid transport protein 4(FATP4), a hepatic FFA influxrelated gene; macrophage recruitment; and the level of malondialdehyde(MDA), an oxidative stress marker, were significantly augmented by a 4-wk MCD. The levels of hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c(SREBP-1c) m RNA(lipogenesis-related gene) and acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1(ACOX1) m RNA(β-oxidation-related gene) had decreased at 4 wk and further decreased at 8 wk. However, the level of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein m RNA(a lipid excretion-related gene) remained unchanged. The administration of exendin-4 significantly attenuated the MCD-induced increase in hepatic steatosis, hepatic TG and FFA content, and FATP4 expression as well as the MCD-induced augmentation of hepatic inflammation, macrophage recruitment, and MDA levels. Additionally, it further decreased the hepatic SREBP-1c level and alleviated the MCD-mediated inhibition of the ACOX1 m RNA level. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that GLP-1 inhibits hepatic steatosis and inflammation through the inhibition of hepatic FFA influx and oxidative stress in a non-obese NASH model.展开更多
The World Health Organization describes calcifying fibrous tumors(CFTs) as rare, benign lesions characterized by hypocellular, densely hyalinized collagenization with lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. These tumors rarel...The World Health Organization describes calcifying fibrous tumors(CFTs) as rare, benign lesions characterized by hypocellular, densely hyalinized collagenization with lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. These tumors rarely involve the gastrointestinal(GI) tract. A routine endoscopic upper gastrointestinal screen detected a 10-mm submucosal tumor(SMT) in the lesser curvature of the lower corpus of the stomach of an apparently healthy, 37-year-old woman with no history of Helicobacter pylori infection. Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) localized the internally isoechoic, homogeneous SMT mainly within the submucosa. Malignancy was ruled out using endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD). A pathological examination confirmed complete resection of the SMT, and defined a hypocellular, spindle-cell tumor with a densely hyalinized, collagenous matrix, scattered lymphoplasmacytic aggregates as well as a few psammomatous, dystrophic calcified foci. The mass was immunohistochemically positive for vimentin and negative for CD117(c-kit protein), CD34, desmin, smooth muscle actin(SMA) and S100. Therefore, the histological findings were characteristic of a CFT. To date, CFT resection by ESD has not been described. This is the first case report of a gastric calcifying fibrous tumor being completely resected by ESD after endoscopic ultrasonography.展开更多
AIM To identify simple and sensitive markers for postoperative complications after gastrectomy, the predictive values were compared among candidate preoperative factors. METHODS Three-hundred and twelve patients with ...AIM To identify simple and sensitive markers for postoperative complications after gastrectomy, the predictive values were compared among candidate preoperative factors. METHODS Three-hundred and twelve patients with previously untreated clinical T2-4 gastric cancer who underwent a D2 standard gastrectomy(distal gastrectomy or total gastrectomy) were included in the analysis.Correlations between 21 parameters that can be determined by preoperative routine blood tests and clinically relevant postoperative complications(grade Ⅱ or higher according to the Clavien-Dindo classification) were evaluated. The optimal cutoff values and clinical significance of the selected markers were further evaluated by subgroup analyses according to age, body mass index, operative procedure and clinical disease stage.RESULTS Sixty-six patients(21.1%) experienced grade Ⅱ or higher postoperative complications. The plateletlymphocyte ratio(PLR, total lymphocyte count/platelet count × 100) exhibited the highest area under the curve value(0.639) for predicting postoperative complications among the 21 parameters, and the optimal cutoff value was determined to be 0.71(sensitivity = 70%, specificity = 56%). In the univariate analysis, the odds ratio of a low PLR for the occurrence of postoperative complications was 2.94(95%CI: 1.66-5.35, P < 0.001), and a multivariate binomial logistic analysis involving other potential risk factors identified a low PLR as an independent risk factor for postoperative complications(OR = 3.32, 95%CI: 1.82-6.25, P < 0.001). In subgroups classified according to age, body mass index, operative procedure and clinical disease stage, the low PLR group exhibited an increased incidence of postoperative complications. CONCLUSION The preoperative PLR is a simple and useful predictor of complications after curative gastrectomy in patients with clinical T2-4 gastric cancer.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the pathophysiology of functional heartburn(FH) in Japanese patients.METHODS:A total of 111 patients with proton pump inhibitor(PPI)-refractory non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease underwent ...AIM:To investigate the pathophysiology of functional heartburn(FH) in Japanese patients.METHODS:A total of 111 patients with proton pump inhibitor(PPI)-refractory non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease underwent intraesophageal pressure testing and 24-h multichannel intraluminal impedancep H(24MII-p H) testing.The patients also completed several questionnaires while they were receiving the PPI treatment, including the questionnaire for the diagnosis of reflux disease(QUEST), the frequency scale for the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease(FSSG), the gastrointestinal symptoms rating scale(GSRS), SF-36, and the Cornell Medical Index(CMI).The subjects were classified into FH and endoscopy-negative reflux disease(ENRD) groups based on the Rome Ⅲ criteria.RESULTS:Thirty-three patients with esophageal motility disorder were excluded from this study, while 22 patients with abnormal esophageal acid exposure time(p H-POS) and 34 with hypersensitive esophagus(HE) were included in the ENRD group.The FH group included 22 patients with no reflux involvement.Sex, age, and body mass index did not differ significantly between the groups.The mean SF-36 values were < 50(normal) for all scales in these groups, with no significant differences.The GSRS scores in these groups were not different and showed overlap with other gastrointestinal symptoms.The QUEST and the FSSG scores did not differ significantly between the groups.Neuroticism was diagnosed using the CMI questionnaire in 17 of the 78 included subjects within the p H-POS(n=4),HE(n=8),and FH(n=5)groups,with no significant differences.CONCLUSION:Clinical characteristics of the FH and PPI-refractory ENRD groups were similar.Therefore,esophageal function should be examined via manometry and 24MII-p H testing to differentiate between them.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the efficacy,safety,and long-term outcomes of endoluminal gastroplication(ELGP) in patients with proton pump inhibitor(PPI)-resistant,nonerosive reflux disease(NERD).METHODS:The subjects were NERD pati...AIM:To evaluate the efficacy,safety,and long-term outcomes of endoluminal gastroplication(ELGP) in patients with proton pump inhibitor(PPI)-resistant,nonerosive reflux disease(NERD).METHODS:The subjects were NERD patients,diagnosed by upper endoscopy before PPI use,who had symptoms such as heartburn or reflux sensations two or more times a week even after 8 wk of full-dose PPI treatment.Prior to ELGP,while continuing full-dose PPI medication,patients' symptoms and quality of life(QOL) were assessed using the questionnaire for the diagnosis of reflux disease,the frequency scale for symptoms of gastro-esophageal reflux disease(FSSG),gastrointestinal symptoms rating scale,a 36-item short-form.In addition,24-h esophageal pH monitoring or 24-h intraesophageal pH/impedance(MII-pH) monitoring was performed.The Bard EndoCinch TM was used for ELGP,and 2 or 3 plications were made.After ELGP,all acid reducers were temporarily discontinued,and medication was resumed depending on the development and severity of symptoms.Three mo after ELGP,symptoms,QOL,pH or MII-pH monitoring,number of plications,and PPI medication were evaluated.Further,symptoms,number of plications,and PPI medication were evaluated 12 mo after ELGP to investigate long-term effects.RESULTS:The mean FSSG score decreased significantly from before ELGP to 3 and 12 mo after ELGP(19.1 ± 10.5 to 10.3 ± 7.4 and 9.3 ± 9.9,P < 0.05,respectively).The total number of plications decreased gradually at 3 and 12 mo after ELGP(2.4 ± 0.8 to 1.2 ± 0.8 and 0.8 ± 1.0,P < 0.05,respectively).The FSSG scores in cases with no remaining plications and in cases with one or more remaining plications were 4.4 and 2.7,respectively,after 3 mo,and 2.0 and 2.8,respectively,after 12 mo,showing no correlation to plication loss.On pH monitoring,there was no difference in the percent time pH < 4 from before ELGP to 3 mo after.Impedance monitoring revealed no changes in the number of reflux episodes or the symptom index for reflux events from before ELGP to 3 mo after,but the symptom sensitivity index decreased significantly 3 mo after ELGP(16.1 ± 12.9 to 3.9 ± 8.3,P < 0.01).At 3 mo after ELGP,6 patients(31.6%) had reduced their PPI medication by 50% or more,and 11 patients(57.9%) were able to discontinue PPI medication altogether.After 12 mo,3 patients(16.7%) were able to reduce the amount of PPI medication by 50% or more,and 12 patients(66.7%) were able to discontinue PPI medication altogether.A high percentage of cases with remaining plications had discontinued PPIs medication after 3 mo,but there was no difference after 12 mo.No serious complications were observed in this study.CONCLUSION:ELGP was safe,resulted in significant improvement in subjective symptoms,and allowed less medication to be used over the long term in patients with PPI-refractory NERD.展开更多
文摘Tuberculous otitis media(TOM) is a rare manifestation caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis with low incidence rates among extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases. Diagnosis is often delayed because of the presence of several clinical manifestations and the high prevalence of secondary bacterial infections. Few reports have attributed secondary bacterial infections in patients with TOM to commensal Neisseria. Thus, understanding the pathogenic mechanisms and clinical features of commensal Neisseria is important, considering its recent presentation as an infection-causing pathogen. Neisseria mucosa is a commensal inhabitant in humans and is generally considered non-pathogenic but can cause infection in rare cases. Here, we report an atypical secondary infection caused by Neisseria mucosa in an 81-year-old woman with TOM being treated for pulmonary tuberculosis. Direct purulent otorrhea smear microscopy revealed no acid-fast bacilli using Ziehl-Neelsen staining, whereas the phagocytosis of gram-negative cocci by white blood cells was confirmed using Gram staining. Otorrhea culture revealed the growth of N. mucosa. Subsequently, M. tuberculosis infection in the otorrhea was identified using a culture-based method. Vigilance is critical for the early detection of TOM to prevent further complications. This report raises awareness regarding TOM and provides insight into the pathogenicity of N. mucosa in otitis media.
文摘In recent years, research on the estimation of human emotions has been active, and its application is expected in various fields. Biological reactions, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and root mean square successive difference (RMSSD), are indicators that are less influenced by individual arbitrariness. The present study used EEG and RMSSD signals to assess the emotions aroused by emotion-stimulating images in order to investigate whether various emotions are associated with characteristic biometric signal fluctuations. The participants underwent EEG and RMSSD while viewing emotionally stimulating images and answering the questionnaires. The emotions aroused by emotionally stimulating images were assessed by measuring the EEG signals and RMSSD values to determine whether different emotions are associated with characteristic biometric signal variations. Real-time emotion analysis software was used to identify the evoked emotions by describing them in the Circumplex Model of Affect based on the EEG signals and RMSSD values. Emotions other than happiness did not follow the Circumplex Model of Affect in this study. However, ventral attentional activity may have increased the RMSSD value for disgust as the β/θ value increased in right-sided brain waves. Therefore, the right-sided brain wave results are necessary when measuring disgust. Happiness can be assessed easily using the Circumplex Model of Affect for positive scene analysis. Improving the current analysis methods may facilitate the investigation of face-to-face communication in the future using biometric signals.
文摘Objective:To determine whether cervical ultrasonography,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and magnetic resonance angiography(MRA)are useful in the differential diagnosis of etiology and understanding the pathophysiology in cases of apogeotropic direction-changing positional nystagmus(DCPN).Methods:Thirty patients with apogeotropic DCPN were classified into 11 cases of central disease,seven cases of mixed central and peripheral disease,and 12 cases of peripheral disease by differential diagnosis based on various balance function,neuro-otological,and imaging tests.Cervical ultrasonography using the cervical rotation method and MRI and MRA of the head and neck were performed in most patients with apogeotropic DCPN.We reviewed the presence of abnormal imaging findings according to the disease etiology.Results:Of the 30 patients with apogeotropic DCPN,23 showed vascular abnormalities or central lesions on imaging.Vascular lesions were found in six of the 12 patients with peripheral disease.Cervical ultrasonography with cervical rotation detected blood flow disturbance in the vertebral artery in eight patients in whom the disturbance could not be detected by MRI or MRA of the head and neck.Discussion:We hypothesize that the causative disease of apogeotropic DCPN may be strongly associated with circulatory insufficiency of the vertebrobasilar and carotid arteries,and that impaired blood flow in these vessels may affect peripheral vestibular and central function.In patients with apogeotropic DCPN,examinations of vestibular function,central nervous system symptoms,and brain hemodynamics are valuable for differential diagnosis.
文摘BACKGROUND Holoprosencephaly(HPE)is a congenital malformation with various degrees of incomplete separation of the cerebral hemispheres due to differentiation disorders of the forebrain.Although HPE with diabetes insipidus due to associated pituitary dysfunction has been reported,HPE with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion(SIADH)is very rare.Tolvaptan,a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist,is effective in adults with SIADH.However,there is no report of its efficacy in infants with SIADH.The purpose of this report is to demonstrate that tolvaptan is effective for SIADH in infants and that administration of tolvaptan eliminates the need for restriction of water intake and sodium administration.CASE SUMMARY A 2414-g female infant was born at 38 wk by normal vaginal delivery.Facial anomalies and head magnetic resonance imaging indicated semilobar HPE.After birth,she had hyponatremia due to SIADH and was treated using water and sodium restriction.However,she developed an exaggerated response to the fluid restrictions,resulting in large fluctuations in serum sodium levels.Subsequent administration of tolvaptan improved the fluctuations in serum sodium levels without the need for adjustment of water or sodium administration.Serum sodium was maintained within the normal range after discontinuation of tolvaptan at 80 d of life.There were no side effects,such as hypernatremia or liver dysfunction,during the administration of tolvaptan.CONCLUSION This is the first report on the safety and efficacy of tolvaptan in an infant with SIADH associated with HPE.
文摘Recently,endoscopic intraductal radiofrequency ablation(ID-RFA)has attracted attention as a local treatment method for malignant biliary obstruction(MBO).IDRFA causes coagulative necrosis of the tumor tissue in the stricture and induces exfoliation.Its effects are expected to extend the patency period of biliary stents and prolong the survival period.Evidence for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(eCCA)is gradually accumulating,and some reports show significant therapeutic effects in eCCA patients without distant metastasis.However,it is still far from an established treatment technique,and many unsolved problems remain.Therefore,when performing ID-RFA in clinical practice,it is necessary to understand and grasp the current evidence well and to operate appropriately for the true benefit of the patients.This paper reviews the current status,issues,and prospects of endoscopic ID-RFA for MBO,especially for eCCA.
文摘Anticancer drug preparation by pharmacists is a critical task directly related to medical incidents. This study examined the factors influencing medical errors in chemotherapy, that is, errors by specialist pharmacists (CPh) and pharmacists in other departments (NCPh), by measuring their gaze during the preparation of anticancer drugs. The eye-tracking results showed that the gazing time of NCPh was significantly longer than that of CPh for items such as “preparation of a closed-system device” and “preparation of the syringe” and all preparation times (P < 0.05). The NCPh were not assigned to prepare drugs on a regular basis, indicating their lack of familiarity with the process. There was no significant difference in gaze ratio between CPh and NCPh. This outcome was suggested to be a result of the use of an anticancer drug preparation support system. The results for the pupil diameter variation rate showed that NCPh were significantly more mydriatic in the “mixing injections” category than CPh. However, CPh tended to be more mydriatic in the “checking” category. CPh exhibited a smooth workflow and focused on the important items to be checked. This study showed that the differences in procedure flow and concentration points may lead to errors. Furthermore, the results are of interest from the perspective of medical incident prevention. They will be useful in identifying potential human factors, such as where the pharmacist focuses their attention by measuring eye movements.
文摘Background: Pharmacists must adjust their distance from patients to facilitate communication during interviews and gain their trust. The distance between the patients and the pharmacists varies depending on many factors, such as gender, posture and the patients’ mood. Only a few of these papers have actually measured and validated distance with patients. In this study, we validated our method of assessing mood and measuring distance before beginning a survey with patients. Methods: We measured comfortable interpersonal distance among men and women using an ecological scenario, in which a pharmacist approaches the subject, and the subject is asked to stop the pharmacist at the distance he/she feel comfortable with. Five pharmacists and 33 subjects participated in the study. The Japanese version of the Brief Mood Questionnaire Checklists (BMC-J) was used to quantify the subject’s mood for the day, and then the distance from the pharmacist that the subjects considered comfortable was measured at the bedside. The relationship between the mood and distance obtained was examined. Results: The comfortable distance of subjects was influenced by gender, posture, and mood. The shortest distance was 94.7 ± 11.1 cm (mean ± SD), for the male subjects versus the female pharmacists in the sitting position. The distance of male subjects shorted when they had positive emotions and lengthened when they were worried. Female subjects maintained a long distance from both male and female pharmacists when they had positive emotions and a short distance when they were worried. Conclusion: Findings show that the distance changes depending on the subjects’ mood at the time of measurement. It was found that the present measurement method can be used to determine the psychological state of the patient and measure the comfort distance at that time, and can be used as a simple method to examine these relationships. Therefore, it is also considered a practical method for the next step, which is a clinical study on patients.
文摘Background: Isolated tricuspid valve disease remains a controversial indication for surgical intervention. Many patients referred for surgery already have a poor clinical condition and an advanced New York Heart Association functional class. There is no consensus on the optimal surgical technique for this condition, including on whether to perform the procedure on a beating or an arrested heart and whether to perform valve repair or replacement. Methods: We analyzed four case series between 2015 and 2022 in which patients with secondary tricuspid regurgitation (TR) underwent valve repair on a beating heart and right atrial plication for a dilated right atrium. The TRI-SCORE was calculated for each patient. Results: All patients experienced a favorable postoperative course with significant improvements in heart failure symptoms. TR was markedly reduced;however, in one patient with concomitant mitral regurgitation (MR) and a high TRI-SCORE, MR worsened postoperatively. This patient later died from unknown causes due to multiple comorbidities in the late phase. Conclusions: Tricuspid valve repair on a beating heart was effective for improving the cardiac function, and the TRI-SCORE proved useful as a preoperative risk assessment tool. The underlying mechanism by which TR exacerbates MR requires further investigation.
基金supported by the MHLW Research on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases and Immunization Program Grant Number JPMH20HA2011JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP20H03922,JP20K14245JST RISTEX Grant Number JPMJRX20J5.
文摘This study aimed to investigate how people’s subjective health changed after the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.This survey was conducted in May 2021 as a nationwide online self-reported survey in Japan.The respondents indicated how their sleep,physical condition,and mental state altered after the pandemic.Furthermore,they answered questionnaires about their intention to get vaccinated,the means of gathering information,etc.A logistic regression analysis was performed.Of the 2,573 responses,there was a decline of approximately 13.6%,14.0%,and 23.8%in subjective sleep,physical condition,and mental health after the pandemic,respectively.The logistic regression analysis demonstrated that regarding sleep,the affected group was younger,got vaccinated against influenza annually,had lower income,experienced poor sleep quality in the past month,and had worse physical and psychiatric symptoms than before the pandemic.Concerning the physical condition,the affected group lived alone,witnessed deficient sleep quality in the past month,and had deteriorated mental health status than before the COVID-19 pandemic.In terms of mental status,the affected group was younger,females,had access to more sources of information,and experienced worse sleep and physical conditions than the unchanged or improved group(p<0.05).Each group indicated an association with the background factors,confirming that the subjective sleep,physical condition,and mental state affected each other.From a preventive perspective,the results of this study suggested that factors such as youth,gender,sleep quality,pregnancy,reduced income,and greater access to information,may be necessary for physical and mental support.The above-mentioned factors should be considered in light of community life and approached accordingly.
基金Supported by Grant-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sport, Science and Technology of Japan to Nakade Y and Yoneda M and a grant from the Aikeikai Foundation
文摘AIM: To investigate whether a glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) analogue inhibits nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), which is being increasingly recognized in Asia, in non-obese mice. METHODS: A methionine-choline-deficient diet(MCD) along with exendin-4(20 μg/kg per day, ip), a GLP-1 analogue, or saline was administered to male db/db mice(non-obese NASH model). Four or eight weeks after commencement of the diet, the mice were sacrificed and their livers were excised. The excised livers were examined by histochemistry for evidence of hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Hepatic triglyceride(TG) and free fatty acid(FFA) content was measured, and the expression of hepatic fat metabolism- and inflammation-related genes was evaluated. Oxidative stress-related parameters and macrophage recruitment were also examined using immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: Four weeks of MCD feeding induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation and increased the hepatic TG and FFA content. The expression of fattyacid transport protein 4(FATP4), a hepatic FFA influxrelated gene; macrophage recruitment; and the level of malondialdehyde(MDA), an oxidative stress marker, were significantly augmented by a 4-wk MCD. The levels of hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c(SREBP-1c) m RNA(lipogenesis-related gene) and acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1(ACOX1) m RNA(β-oxidation-related gene) had decreased at 4 wk and further decreased at 8 wk. However, the level of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein m RNA(a lipid excretion-related gene) remained unchanged. The administration of exendin-4 significantly attenuated the MCD-induced increase in hepatic steatosis, hepatic TG and FFA content, and FATP4 expression as well as the MCD-induced augmentation of hepatic inflammation, macrophage recruitment, and MDA levels. Additionally, it further decreased the hepatic SREBP-1c level and alleviated the MCD-mediated inhibition of the ACOX1 m RNA level. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that GLP-1 inhibits hepatic steatosis and inflammation through the inhibition of hepatic FFA influx and oxidative stress in a non-obese NASH model.
文摘The World Health Organization describes calcifying fibrous tumors(CFTs) as rare, benign lesions characterized by hypocellular, densely hyalinized collagenization with lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. These tumors rarely involve the gastrointestinal(GI) tract. A routine endoscopic upper gastrointestinal screen detected a 10-mm submucosal tumor(SMT) in the lesser curvature of the lower corpus of the stomach of an apparently healthy, 37-year-old woman with no history of Helicobacter pylori infection. Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) localized the internally isoechoic, homogeneous SMT mainly within the submucosa. Malignancy was ruled out using endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD). A pathological examination confirmed complete resection of the SMT, and defined a hypocellular, spindle-cell tumor with a densely hyalinized, collagenous matrix, scattered lymphoplasmacytic aggregates as well as a few psammomatous, dystrophic calcified foci. The mass was immunohistochemically positive for vimentin and negative for CD117(c-kit protein), CD34, desmin, smooth muscle actin(SMA) and S100. Therefore, the histological findings were characteristic of a CFT. To date, CFT resection by ESD has not been described. This is the first case report of a gastric calcifying fibrous tumor being completely resected by ESD after endoscopic ultrasonography.
文摘AIM To identify simple and sensitive markers for postoperative complications after gastrectomy, the predictive values were compared among candidate preoperative factors. METHODS Three-hundred and twelve patients with previously untreated clinical T2-4 gastric cancer who underwent a D2 standard gastrectomy(distal gastrectomy or total gastrectomy) were included in the analysis.Correlations between 21 parameters that can be determined by preoperative routine blood tests and clinically relevant postoperative complications(grade Ⅱ or higher according to the Clavien-Dindo classification) were evaluated. The optimal cutoff values and clinical significance of the selected markers were further evaluated by subgroup analyses according to age, body mass index, operative procedure and clinical disease stage.RESULTS Sixty-six patients(21.1%) experienced grade Ⅱ or higher postoperative complications. The plateletlymphocyte ratio(PLR, total lymphocyte count/platelet count × 100) exhibited the highest area under the curve value(0.639) for predicting postoperative complications among the 21 parameters, and the optimal cutoff value was determined to be 0.71(sensitivity = 70%, specificity = 56%). In the univariate analysis, the odds ratio of a low PLR for the occurrence of postoperative complications was 2.94(95%CI: 1.66-5.35, P < 0.001), and a multivariate binomial logistic analysis involving other potential risk factors identified a low PLR as an independent risk factor for postoperative complications(OR = 3.32, 95%CI: 1.82-6.25, P < 0.001). In subgroups classified according to age, body mass index, operative procedure and clinical disease stage, the low PLR group exhibited an increased incidence of postoperative complications. CONCLUSION The preoperative PLR is a simple and useful predictor of complications after curative gastrectomy in patients with clinical T2-4 gastric cancer.
文摘AIM:To investigate the pathophysiology of functional heartburn(FH) in Japanese patients.METHODS:A total of 111 patients with proton pump inhibitor(PPI)-refractory non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease underwent intraesophageal pressure testing and 24-h multichannel intraluminal impedancep H(24MII-p H) testing.The patients also completed several questionnaires while they were receiving the PPI treatment, including the questionnaire for the diagnosis of reflux disease(QUEST), the frequency scale for the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease(FSSG), the gastrointestinal symptoms rating scale(GSRS), SF-36, and the Cornell Medical Index(CMI).The subjects were classified into FH and endoscopy-negative reflux disease(ENRD) groups based on the Rome Ⅲ criteria.RESULTS:Thirty-three patients with esophageal motility disorder were excluded from this study, while 22 patients with abnormal esophageal acid exposure time(p H-POS) and 34 with hypersensitive esophagus(HE) were included in the ENRD group.The FH group included 22 patients with no reflux involvement.Sex, age, and body mass index did not differ significantly between the groups.The mean SF-36 values were < 50(normal) for all scales in these groups, with no significant differences.The GSRS scores in these groups were not different and showed overlap with other gastrointestinal symptoms.The QUEST and the FSSG scores did not differ significantly between the groups.Neuroticism was diagnosed using the CMI questionnaire in 17 of the 78 included subjects within the p H-POS(n=4),HE(n=8),and FH(n=5)groups,with no significant differences.CONCLUSION:Clinical characteristics of the FH and PPI-refractory ENRD groups were similar.Therefore,esophageal function should be examined via manometry and 24MII-p H testing to differentiate between them.
基金Supported by In Part by a Grant for Medical Research from Aichi Medical University School of Medicine
文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy,safety,and long-term outcomes of endoluminal gastroplication(ELGP) in patients with proton pump inhibitor(PPI)-resistant,nonerosive reflux disease(NERD).METHODS:The subjects were NERD patients,diagnosed by upper endoscopy before PPI use,who had symptoms such as heartburn or reflux sensations two or more times a week even after 8 wk of full-dose PPI treatment.Prior to ELGP,while continuing full-dose PPI medication,patients' symptoms and quality of life(QOL) were assessed using the questionnaire for the diagnosis of reflux disease,the frequency scale for symptoms of gastro-esophageal reflux disease(FSSG),gastrointestinal symptoms rating scale,a 36-item short-form.In addition,24-h esophageal pH monitoring or 24-h intraesophageal pH/impedance(MII-pH) monitoring was performed.The Bard EndoCinch TM was used for ELGP,and 2 or 3 plications were made.After ELGP,all acid reducers were temporarily discontinued,and medication was resumed depending on the development and severity of symptoms.Three mo after ELGP,symptoms,QOL,pH or MII-pH monitoring,number of plications,and PPI medication were evaluated.Further,symptoms,number of plications,and PPI medication were evaluated 12 mo after ELGP to investigate long-term effects.RESULTS:The mean FSSG score decreased significantly from before ELGP to 3 and 12 mo after ELGP(19.1 ± 10.5 to 10.3 ± 7.4 and 9.3 ± 9.9,P < 0.05,respectively).The total number of plications decreased gradually at 3 and 12 mo after ELGP(2.4 ± 0.8 to 1.2 ± 0.8 and 0.8 ± 1.0,P < 0.05,respectively).The FSSG scores in cases with no remaining plications and in cases with one or more remaining plications were 4.4 and 2.7,respectively,after 3 mo,and 2.0 and 2.8,respectively,after 12 mo,showing no correlation to plication loss.On pH monitoring,there was no difference in the percent time pH < 4 from before ELGP to 3 mo after.Impedance monitoring revealed no changes in the number of reflux episodes or the symptom index for reflux events from before ELGP to 3 mo after,but the symptom sensitivity index decreased significantly 3 mo after ELGP(16.1 ± 12.9 to 3.9 ± 8.3,P < 0.01).At 3 mo after ELGP,6 patients(31.6%) had reduced their PPI medication by 50% or more,and 11 patients(57.9%) were able to discontinue PPI medication altogether.After 12 mo,3 patients(16.7%) were able to reduce the amount of PPI medication by 50% or more,and 12 patients(66.7%) were able to discontinue PPI medication altogether.A high percentage of cases with remaining plications had discontinued PPIs medication after 3 mo,but there was no difference after 12 mo.No serious complications were observed in this study.CONCLUSION:ELGP was safe,resulted in significant improvement in subjective symptoms,and allowed less medication to be used over the long term in patients with PPI-refractory NERD.