Additive manufacturing （AM）--the process of joining materials to make parts from three-dimensional （3D） model data, usually layer upon layer-is an emerging field with a strong need for standardization. Standards s...Additive manufacturing （AM）--the process of joining materials to make parts from three-dimensional （3D） model data, usually layer upon layer-is an emerging field with a strong need for standardization. Standards serve to develop a common set of basic requirements along the value chain for a harmonized supplier-customer relationship. The benefits of standardization are experienced on both the quality and the commercial sides.展开更多
With projections indicating an increase in mobility over the next few decades andannual flight departures expected to rise to over 16 billion by 2050,there is a demand for theaviation industry and associated stakehold...With projections indicating an increase in mobility over the next few decades andannual flight departures expected to rise to over 16 billion by 2050,there is a demand for theaviation industry and associated stakeholders to consider new forms of aircraft and technology.Customer requirements are recognized as a key driver in business.The airline is the principalcustomer for the aircraft manufacture.The passenger is,in turn,the airline's principal customerbut they are just one of several stakeholders that include aviation authorities,airport operators,air-traffic control and security agencies.The passenger experience is a key differentiator usedby airlines to attract and retain custom and the fuselage that defines the cabin envelope for thein-flight passenger experience and cabin design therefore receives significant attention for newaircraft,service updates and refurbishments.Decision making in design is crucial to arrivingat viable and worthwhile cabin formats.Too litle innovation will result in an aircraftmanufacturer and airlines using its products falling behind its competitors.Too much mayresult in an over-extension with,for example,use of immature technologies that do not havethe necessary reliability for a safety critical industry or sufficient value to justify the develop-ment effort.The multiple requirements associated with cabin design,can be viewed as an area for optimisation,accepting trade-offs between the various parameters.Good design,however,is often defined as developing a concept that resolves the contradictions and takes the solutiontowards a win-win scenario.Indeed our understanding and practice of design allows forbehaviors that enhance design thinking through divergence and convergence,the use ofabductive reasoning,experimentation and systems thinking.This paper explores and definesthe challenges of designing the aireraft cabin of the future that will deliver on the multiplerequirements using experiences from the A350 XWB and future cabin design concepts.Inparticular the paper explores the value of implementing design thinking insights in engineeringpractice and discusses the relative merits of decisions based on optimisation versus win-winscenarios for aircraft cabin design and wider applications in aerospace environments.Theincreasing densification of technological opportunities and shifting consumer demand coupledwith highly complex systems may ultimately challenge our ability to make decisions based onoptimisation balances.From an engineering design perspective optimisation tends to precludecertain strategies that deliver high quality results in consumer scenarios whereas win-winsolutions may face challenges in complex technical environments.展开更多
文摘Additive manufacturing （AM）--the process of joining materials to make parts from three-dimensional （3D） model data, usually layer upon layer-is an emerging field with a strong need for standardization. Standards serve to develop a common set of basic requirements along the value chain for a harmonized supplier-customer relationship. The benefits of standardization are experienced on both the quality and the commercial sides.
文摘With projections indicating an increase in mobility over the next few decades andannual flight departures expected to rise to over 16 billion by 2050,there is a demand for theaviation industry and associated stakeholders to consider new forms of aircraft and technology.Customer requirements are recognized as a key driver in business.The airline is the principalcustomer for the aircraft manufacture.The passenger is,in turn,the airline's principal customerbut they are just one of several stakeholders that include aviation authorities,airport operators,air-traffic control and security agencies.The passenger experience is a key differentiator usedby airlines to attract and retain custom and the fuselage that defines the cabin envelope for thein-flight passenger experience and cabin design therefore receives significant attention for newaircraft,service updates and refurbishments.Decision making in design is crucial to arrivingat viable and worthwhile cabin formats.Too litle innovation will result in an aircraftmanufacturer and airlines using its products falling behind its competitors.Too much mayresult in an over-extension with,for example,use of immature technologies that do not havethe necessary reliability for a safety critical industry or sufficient value to justify the develop-ment effort.The multiple requirements associated with cabin design,can be viewed as an area for optimisation,accepting trade-offs between the various parameters.Good design,however,is often defined as developing a concept that resolves the contradictions and takes the solutiontowards a win-win scenario.Indeed our understanding and practice of design allows forbehaviors that enhance design thinking through divergence and convergence,the use ofabductive reasoning,experimentation and systems thinking.This paper explores and definesthe challenges of designing the aireraft cabin of the future that will deliver on the multiplerequirements using experiences from the A350 XWB and future cabin design concepts.Inparticular the paper explores the value of implementing design thinking insights in engineeringpractice and discusses the relative merits of decisions based on optimisation versus win-winscenarios for aircraft cabin design and wider applications in aerospace environments.Theincreasing densification of technological opportunities and shifting consumer demand coupledwith highly complex systems may ultimately challenge our ability to make decisions based onoptimisation balances.From an engineering design perspective optimisation tends to precludecertain strategies that deliver high quality results in consumer scenarios whereas win-winsolutions may face challenges in complex technical environments.
