Hierarchical Datacubes

Many approaches have been proposed to pre-compute data cubes in order to efficiently respond to OLAP queries in data warehouses. However, few have proposed solutions integrating all of the possible outcomes, and it is this idea that leads the integration of hierarchical dimensions into these responses. To meet this need, we propose, in this paper, a complete redefinition of the framework and the formal definition of traditional database analysis through the prism of hierarchical dimensions. After characterizing the hierarchical data cube lattice, we introduce the hierarchical data cube and its most concise reduced representation, the closed hierarchical data cube. It offers compact replication so as to optimize storage space by removing redundancies of strongly correlated data. Such data are typical of data warehouses, and in particular in video games, our field of study and experimentation, where hierarchical dimension attributes are widely represented.

汶川地震同震滑坡物质在震区的滞留和运移及其对龙门山地形演化的影响

2008年M_W7.9汶川地震导致龙门山断裂发生强烈地壳变形,同时引发的巨量同震滑坡加速了该地区的地表剥蚀和河流侵蚀.然而,目前尚缺少系统的数据定量研究滑坡物质的运移以及河流侵蚀速率随时间的演化规律,这些对理解龙门山前缘物质的再分配以及强震对活动造山带地形塑造的作用至关重要.为此,本研究在汶川地震后的6年间,对震区沱江上游3条支流湔江、石亭江、绵远河流域进行了多期次的定点现代河沙采样.通过系统测量河沙中的石英10Be浓度,并与震前已发表的数据进行对比,发现如下基本特点:(1)震后河沙10 Be浓度均有明显降低,表明同震滑坡物质对河沙的稀释作用;(2)震后河流对河沙的运移量增加为震前的1.3~18.5倍,因此震后龙门山地区侵蚀速率短期显著增加;(3)初步估计得到汶川地震产生的滑坡物质被完全运移出造山带所需要的时间至少为100~4000年,接近龙门山地区强震复发周期;(4)震间和同震产生的构造变形和地表剥蚀在空间上具有互补性.考虑到地表剥蚀引起的地壳均衡反弹效应,认为类似汶川地震的强震有利于龙门山的隆升.认识震前、震时和震后的地壳变形及侵蚀过程有助于更好地理解单次强震事件对高原边界龙门山地形演化的作用.

电化学原子层沉积研究现状及沉积体系的构建

近年来,电化学原子层沉积(Electrochemical atomic layer deposition,E-ALD)技术在制备催化、光电及热电等功能薄膜的研究和应用方面取得了较大进展.概述了E-ALD的发展历史、沉积原理、研究及应用情况,介绍了课题组研发的E-ALD系统的构成和生长过程的控制机理.

LAMOST类星体[OIII]线附近天光背景扣除

扣除天光背景的好坏是影响谱线信噪比很重要的因素,同时由于天光光纤数量有限以及光谱仪漂移等多方面因素的影响导致减天光是光纤光谱数据处理中公认的难点。目前已有的减天光方法主要是针对全谱的天光成分扣除,没有关注在特殊谱线位置上的局部天光情况,尤其是低红移类星体非常重要的[OIII]线附近的天光背景。探索了一种局部精细的天光背景扣除方法,解决了类星体中Hβ-[OIII]的宽线经常受到减天光精度干扰的问题。利用LAMOST减天光前的原始流量以及相对流量改正数据,根据同一观测天区的超级天光光谱对背景进行扣除。实验结果表明,在不同红移类星体中,该方法减天光后Hβ-[OIII]区间的光谱质量相对于原始LAMOST光谱批处理程序都有了明显的提高,这更有利于后续的谱线分析,同时为少部分LAMOST光谱批处理程序没处理好的特殊光谱提供了补充的解决方法。该方法目前已应用于搜寻双峰活动星系核候选体的预处理中。

近三十年法国报刊对中国当代作家的接受、评价与阐释

同其他欧美国家相比,法国对中国当代文学的译介与接受时常显得更超前、果敢,这大抵受惠于其延绵古老、高度发展的汉学传统的积累和沉淀,也得益于其系统完善且恒常优化的面向外国文学的翻译、编辑与出版机制。用法国翻译家林雅翎(Sylvie Gentil)的话来说,“这源于多家出版社的胆量,源于其探寻新作家时所拥有的鉴赏力.

Blasius flow and heat transfer of fourth-grade fluid with slip

This investigation deals with the effects of slip,magnetic field,and nonNewtonian flow parameters on the flow and heat transfer of an incompressible,electrically conducting fourth-grade fluid past an infinite porous plate.The heat transfer analysis is carried out for two heating processes.The system of highly non-linear differential equations is solved by the shooting method with the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method for moderate values of the parameters.The effective Broyden technique is adopted in order to improve the initial guesses and to satisfy the boundary conditions at infinity.An exceptional cross-over is obtained in the velocity profile in the presence of slip.The fourth-grade fluid parameter is found to increase the momentum boundary layer thickness,whereas the slip parameter substantially decreases it.Similarly,the non-Newtonian fluid parameters and the slip have opposite effects on the thermal boundary layer thickness.

Ultrafiltration for environmental safety in shellfish production: A case of bloom emergence

The process of ultrafiltration(UF)of natural seawater often encounters the problems of variation in water quality and coastal blooms.To validate the feasibility of UF in shellfish farms,this study compared the hydraulic performance and pollutant removal efficiency of the UF process with those of the commonly used treatments that combine several filtration steps with ultraviolet(UV)disinfection.The comparison was conducted in the cases of natural seawater and a coastal bloom.Given that the UF process encountered the specific type of pollution,this study evaluated the filtration performance of the UF process and the retention of total suspended solids(TSS),bacteria,phytoplankton,and zooplankton.A real coastal bloom was considered in the case study of an experimental shellfish hatchery/nursery in France.The results show that both treatments were able to eliminate approximately 50%of TSS.However,in contrast with UV treatment combined with filtration,the UF process retained total amounts of phytoplankton,zooplankton,and bacteria in the bloom.Although the hydraulic performance of the UF process was impacted by the coastal bloom,the fouling was eliminated through chemical cleaning conducted at a frequency less than once per 12 h.Despite the severe pollution,this study confirmed the pollution resistance and treatment performance of the UF process,indicating that UF has the potential to enhance the biosecurity level.

Faecal incontinence： Current knowledges and perspectives

Faecal incontinence(FI) is a disabling and frequent symptom since its prevalence can vary between 5% and 15% of the general population. It has a particular negative impact on quality of life. Many tools are currently available for the treatment of FI, from conservative measures to invasive surgical treatments. The conservative treatment may be dietetic measures, various pharmacological agents, anorectal rehabilitation, posterior tibial nerve stimulation, and transanal irrigation. If needed, patients may have miniinvasive approaches such as sacral nerve modulation or antegrade irrigation. In some cases, a surgical treatment is proposed, mainly external anal sphincter repair. Although these different therapeutic options are available, new techniques are arriving allowing new hopes for the patients. Moreover, most of them are non-invasive such as local application of an α1-adrenoceptor agonist, stem cell injections, rectal injection of botulinum toxin, acupuncture. New more invasive techniques with promising results are also coming such as anal magnetic sphincter and antropylorus transposition. This review reports the main current available treatments of FI and the developing therapeutics tools.

Interferon-γ and other inflammatory mediators in cardiomyocyte signaling during Chagas disease cardiomyopathy

Chagas disease cardiomyopathy(CCC), the main consequence of Trypanosoma cruzi(T.cruzi) infection, is an inflammatory cardiomyopathy that develops in up to 30% of infected individuals. The heart inflammation in CCC patients is characterized by a Th1 T cell-rich myocarditis with increased production of interferon(IFN)-γ, produced by the CCC myocardial infiltrate and detected at high levels in the periphery. IFN-γ has a central role in the cardiomyocyte signaling during both acute and chronic phases of T.cruzi infection. In this review, we have chosen to focus in its pleiotropic mode of action during CCC, which may ultimately be the strongest driver towards pathological remodeling and heart failure. We describe here the antiparasitic protective and pathogenic dual role of IFN-γ in Chagas disease.

“金字塔式”的法国公立大学法学教育

职业的设立直到1679年颁布的SaintGermain-en-Laye国王敕令(édit deSaint-Germain-en-Laye)第14条中宣布设立法学教授职位(lachaire royalededroitfranüais)并全面开展法学教育,在此前的很长一段时间里,法国大学的法学院只零星开设教会法(Droit canonique)和罗马法(Droit romain)这两项课程。

Glypican 4 down-regulation in pluripotent stem cells as a potential strategy to improve differentiation and to impair tumorigenicity of cell transplants

Recent advances in stem cell technologies have opened new avenues for the treatment of a number of diseases still lacking effective therapeutic options.Cell transplantation has emerged as among the most promising clinical intervention for disorders such as injuries,diabetes。

Estimation of the Lyman-α signal of the EFILE diagnostic under static or radiofrequency electric field in vacuum

The electric field induced Lyman-α emission diagnostic aims to provide a non intrusive and precise measurement of the electric field in plasma, using a beam of hydrogen atoms prepared in the metastable 2 s state. The metastable particles are obtained by means of a proton beam extracted from a hydrogen plasma source, and neutralised by interaction with vaporised caesium.When a 2 s atom enters a region where an electric field is present, it undergoes a transition to the2 p state(Stark mixing). It then quickly decays to the ground level, emitting Lyman-α radiation,which is collected by a photomultiplier. The 2 s→2 p transition rate is proportional to the square of the magnitude of the electric field, and depends on the field oscillation frequency(with peaks around 1 GHz). By measuring the intensity of the Lyman-α radiation emitted by the beam it is possible to determine the magnitude of the field in a defined region. In this work, an analysis of the behaviour of the diagnostic under static or radiofrequency electric field is presented. Electric field simulations obtained with a finite element solver of Maxwell equations, combined with theoretical calculations of the Stark mixing transition rate, are used to develop a model for the interpretation of photomultiplier data. This method shows good agreement with experimental results for the static field case, and allows to measure the field magnitude for the oscillating case.

Multiple Ionic-Covalent Couplings in Molecules and Clusters

用阳电、阴电的部件做的分子的电子状态源于在共有原子价配置和离子的配置之间的干扰。这个工作在象李 2 H，李 2 F，和李 4 F。到金属簇上或在金属表面上的 electrophilic 分子的吸附的这类分析的延期应当导致极端地新的解释观察了物理、化学的性质。

Influence of wing flexibility on the aerodynamic performance of a tethered flapping bumblebee

The sophisticated structures of flapping insect wings make it challenging to study the role of wing flexibility in insect flight.In this study,a mass-spring system is used to model wing structural dynamics as a thin,flexible membrane supported by a network of veins.The vein mechanical properties can be estimated based on their diameters and the Young's modulus of cuticle.In order to analyze the effect of wing flexibility,the Young's modulus is varied to make a comparison between two different wing models that we refer to as flexible and highly flexible.The wing models are coupled with a pseudo-spectral code solving the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations,allowing us to investigate the influence of wing deformation on the aerodynamic efficiency of a tethered flapping bumblebee.Compared to the bumblebee model with rigid wings,the one with flexible wings flies more efficiently,characterized by a larger lift-to-power ratio.

Stark–Zeeman line-shape model for multi-electron radiators in hot dense plasmas subjected to large magnetic fields

We present a Stark–Zeeman spectral line-shape model and the associated numerical code,PPPB,designed to provide fast and accurate line shapes for arbitrary atomic systems for a large range of plasma conditions.PPPB is based on the coupling of the PPP code-a Stark-broadened spectral line-shape code developed for multi-electron ion spectroscopy in hot dense plasmas-and the MASCB code developed recently to generate B-field-dependent atomic physics.The latter provides energy levels,statistical weights,and reduced matrix elements of multi-electron radiators by diagonalizing the atomic Hamiltonian that includes the well know B-dependent term.These are then used as inputs to PPP working in the standard line-broadening approach,i.e.,using the quasi-static ion and impact electron approximations.The effects of ion dynamics are introduced by means of the frequency fluctuation model,and the physical model of electron broadening is based on the semi-classical impact approximation including the effects of a strong collision term,interference,and cyclotron motion.Finally,to account for polarization effects,the output profiles are calculated for a given angle of observation with respect to the direction of the magnetic field.The potential of this model is presented through Stark–Zeeman spectral line-shape calculations performed for various experimental conditions.

On the possibility of ultrafast Kossel diffraction

We discuss the possibility of realizing time-resolved Kossel diffraction experiments for providing indications on the crystalline order or the periodic structure of a material.We make use of the interaction of short,ultra-intense laser pulses with a solid target,which generates short bursts of hot electrons.Penetrating inside a layered sample(i.e.,a crystal or an artificial multilayer material),these electrons ionize inner-shell electrons so that the subsequent radiative filling of K-shell vacancies results in a strong Kαemission that is enhanced in the Bragg directions corresponding to the period of the material.We present simulations of angle-resolved Kαemission,which displays so-called Kossel patterns around the Bragg angles.We then discuss possible experiments appropriate for laser facilities delivering short and intense pulses.

Reproduction of <i>Atherina lagunae</i>from the Tunis North Lake

In this study, the reproduction of the sand smelt, Atherina lagunae, from the Tunis North Lake is investigated. The smallest mature female was 39 mm total length (TL). Fifty percent of the females were mature at 58 mm (TL). The yearly and monthly average gonadosomatic indexes (GSI) are presented. The average value of GSI for the 12-month period was respectively 3.02%, 2.57% and 2.8% for females, males and both sexes. The GSI began to increase in March (2.37% for females and 2.12% for males). The maximum GSI was recorded in May, 11.29% for females and 10.03% for males. The highest values were recorded between March and July, indicating the reproduction period of Atherina lagunae in the Tunis North Lake. Similar GSI values were recorded in sand smelt males from brackish lagoons of southern France.

Standardized quantitative measurements of wrist cartilage in healthy humans using 3T magnetic resonance imaging

AIM: To quantify the wrist cartilage cross-sectional area in humans from a 3D magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) dataset and to assess the corresponding reproducibility. METHODS: The study was conducted in 14 healthy volunteers(6 females and 8 males) between 30 and 58 years old and devoid of articular pain. Subjectswere asked to lie down in the supine position with the right hand positioned above the pelvic region on top of a home-built rigid platform attached to the scanner bed. The wrist was wrapped with a flexible surface coil. MRI investigations were performed at 3T(Verio-Siemens) using volume interpolated breath hold examination(VIBE) and dual echo steady state(DESS) MRI sequences. Cartilage cross sectional area(CSA) was measured on a slice of interest selected from a 3D dataset of the entire carpus and metacarpalphalangeal areas on the basis of anatomical criteria using conventional image processing radiology software. Cartilage cross-sectional areas between opposite bones in the carpal region were manually selected and quantified using a thresholding method.RESULTS: Cartilage CSA measurements performed on a selected predefined slice were 292.4 ± 39 mm2 using the VIBE sequence and slightly lower, 270.4 ± 50.6 mm2, with the DESS sequence. The inter(14.1%) and intra(2.4%) subject variability was similar for both MRI methods. The coefficients of variation computed for the repeated measurements were also comparable for the VIBE(2.4%) and the DESS(4.8%) sequences. The carpus length averaged over the group was 37.5 ± 2.8 mm with a 7.45% between-subjects coefficient of variation. Of note, wrist cartilage CSA measured with either the VIBE or the DESS sequences was linearly related to the carpal bone length. The variability between subjects was significantly reduced to 8.4% when the CSA was normalized with respect to the carpal bone length.CONCLUSION: The ratio between wrist cartilage CSA and carpal bone length is a highly reproducible standardized measurement which normalizes the natural diversity between individuals.

Numerical simulation of vortex-induced drag of elastic swimmer models

We present numerical simulations of simplified models for swimming organisms or robots, using chordwise flexible elastic plates. We focus on the tip vortices originating from three-dimensional effects due to the finite span of the plate. These effects play an important role when predicting the swimmer's cruising velocity, since they contribute significantly to the drag force. First we simulate swimmers with rectangular plates of different aspect ratios and compare the results with a recent experimental study. Then we consider plates with expanding and contracting shapes. We find the cruising velocity of the contracting swimmer to be higher than the rectangular one, which in turn is higher than the expanding one. We provide some evidence that this result is due to the tip vortices interacting differently with the swimmer.