A Convolutional Neural Network Model for Wheat Crop Disease Prediction

Wheat is the most important cereal crop,and its low production incurs import pressure on the economy.It fulfills a significant portion of the daily energy requirements of the human body.The wheat disease is one of the major factors that result in low production and negatively affects the national economy.Thus,timely detection of wheat diseases is necessary for improving production.The CNN-based architectures showed tremendous achievement in the image-based classification and prediction of crop diseases.However,these models are computationally expensive and need a large amount of training data.In this research,a light weighted modified CNN architecture is proposed that uses eight layers particularly,three convolutional layers,three SoftMax layers,and two flattened layers,to detect wheat diseases effectively.The high-resolution images were collected from the fields in Azad Kashmir(Pakistan)and manually annotated by three human experts.The convolutional layers use 16,32,and 64 filters.Every filter uses a 3×3 kernel size.The strides for all convolutional layers are set to 1.In this research,three different variants of datasets are used.These variants S1-70%:15%:15%,S2-75%:15%:10%,and S3-80%:10%:10%(train:validation:test)are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed model.The extensive experiments revealed that the S3 performed better than S1 and S2 datasets with 93%accuracy.The experiment also concludes that a more extensive training set with high-resolution images can detect wheat diseases more accurately.

Energy Spectrum for a Short-Range 1/r Singular Potential with a Non-Orbital Barrier Using the Asymptotic Iteration Method

Using the asymptotic iteration method, we obtain the S-wave solution for a short-range three-parameter central potential with 1/r singularity and with a non-orbital barrier. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt at calculating the energy spectrum for this potential, which was introduced by H. Bahlouli and A. D. Alhaidari and for which they obtained the “potential parameter spectrum”. Our results are also independently verified using a direct method of diagonalizing the Hamiltonian matrix in the J-matrix basis.

The Asymptotic Iteration Method for the Eigenenergies of the a Novel Hyperbolic Single Wave Potential

By using the asymptotic iteration method, we have calculated numerically the eigenvalues En of the hyperbolic single wave potential which is introduced by H. Bahlouli, and A. D. Alhaidari. They found a new approach (the “potential parameter” approach) which has been adopted for this eigenvalues problem. For a fixed energy, the problem is solvable for a set of values of the potential parameters (the “parameter spectrum”). This paper will introduce a related work to complete the goal of finding the eigenvalues, the Schr?dinger equation with hyperbolic single wave potential is solved by using asymptotic iteration method. It is found that asymptotically this method gives accurate results for arbitrary parameters, V0, γ, and λ.

A Phytosociological of Plant Communities and Biodiversity in the East-South of Idna Village-Hebron of Palestine

This paper presents a floristic and vegetation study of the territories of the Idna-Hebron of Palestine, corresponding to one area with three different names as Abu Salman Forest Reserve, Khallet Osman mountains, and Hamra Aslimi. These sites are very important at a local level of the flora with a high endemic rate. The floristic analysis revealed the existence of 48 species, of which 10 (20.83%) are endemic endemic. Seventeen plots of vegetation distributed in one area dominated and have been analyzed in this study. Methodology, the phytosociological approach is based on the Braun-Blanquet method. The results revealed three different kinds of forests, one dominated by the endemic Pino halepensis-Quercetum lookii, which is peculiar to the inframediterranean dry-thermomediterranean environments, with the terra rossa and brown rendzinas territory. The second type of forest is dominated by the Pistacio palaestinae-Ceratonietum silique, which is growing in the dry-subhumid ombrotype and the terra rossa and brown rendzinas territory. The third group of the forest of Khallet Osman and Hamra Aslimi dominated by Quercus lookii-Tamaricetum palestineae. Finally, in this study there are three associations and tow alliances are proposed as new Syntaxa based on statistical and phytosociological analyses in the study area.

Impact of Environment Conditions on Grapevine (<i>Vitis vinifera</i>L.): To Optimal Production and Sustainability, Achieving Food Security and Increasing the Palestinian Economy

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of important economic fruit crops found in Hebron of Palestine. Climate is one of the key controlling factors in grape and wine production. Materials & Method: We analyzed grape production in Hebron region, and studied the correlation analyses between productions and climatic, bioclimatic factors. The bioclimate, climatic factors were obtained according to Rivas-Martinez to classification of the earth. However, the independent variables were examined: the bioclimate factors as compensated thermicity index, annual ombrothermic index, water deficit and simple continentality index;and following climate factors: mean monthly temperature, precipitation and soil water reserve. The data used were from one meteorological station of the Palestinian Meteorological Department for the years 1993 to 2009 (16 years), and to the same years of grape production (rain-fed) from the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS).?Result & Discussion: When we applied a Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and observed that the Hebron type plots are located at the left of axis 1 during 1999-2004 negatively affected by the bioclimate factors as compensated thermicity index, with a large proportion of the variance explained by axes 1 (76.66%), but precipitation was positive influenced on grape yield for the years (2004-2009), with a proportion of the variance explained by axes 2 (23.34%);Hebron type plots are located at the right of axis1during 1993-1999 positive affected by the bioclimate factor as a simple continentality index and annual ombrothermic index, and climate factors as water deficit, soil water reserve and mean monthly temperature, with a large proportion of the variance explained by axes 1 & 2 (100%). Conclusions: Grapes are sensitive climate and the surrounding environment factors, and in order to get a high production and high-quality grapes, mean monthly temperature must be between 15&#176;C - 20&#176;C, and 20&#176;C - 30&#176;C (27&#176;C) in the last two months of the maturation process, the value of simple continentality index is 15 - 18, compensated thermicity index is 220 - 350, and annual ombrothermic index is more than 3.

Numerical Solution of the Schrodinger Equation for a Short-Range Potential with Any ℓ Angular Momentum

Recently, the Asymptotic Iteration Method (AIM) was used to calculate the energy spectrum for a short-range three parameters central potential which was introduced by H. Bahlouli and A. D. Alhaidari. The S-orbital wave solution of the Schr&#246;dinger equation was obtained for different parameters of the potential. In this work, a non-zero angular momentum term is introduced to the problem and the energy eigenvalues were obtained for different potential parameters. Our results show very good agreements compared with other methods such as potential parameter spectrum method (PPSM) and the complex scaling method (CSM).

2 Tbit/s based coherent wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network for 5G transport

Future high-speed mobile communication systems require low latency and high capacity networks.Coherent wavelength division multiplexing(WDM)passive optical network(PON)scheme is expected to play a vital role in these systems.In this paper,coherent WDM-PON scheme based on dual-polarization 16-quadrature amplitude modulation(DP-16 QAM)transceiver has been investigated.The aim of this scheme is to build a 2 Tbit/s(125 Gbit/s/λ×16 wavelengths)network that will be used in the construction of the transport architecture of fifth generation(5 G)and beyond 5 G(B5 G)cellular networks either in mobile front haul(MFH)or mobile back haul(MBH).The results indicate that the proposed scheme is very adequate for both 5 G and B5 G cellular networks requirements.