AIM:To utilise a comprehensive cognitive battery to gain a better understanding of cognitive performance in anorexia nervosa(AN).METHODS:Twenty-six individuals with AN and 27 healthy control participants matched for a...AIM:To utilise a comprehensive cognitive battery to gain a better understanding of cognitive performance in anorexia nervosa(AN).METHODS:Twenty-six individuals with AN and 27 healthy control participants matched for age,gender and premorbid intelligence,participated in the study.A standard cognitive battery,the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia Consensus Cognitive Battery,was used to investigate performance on seven cognitive domains with the use of 10 different tasks:speed of processing[Brief Assessment Of Cognition In Schizophrenia:Symbol Coding,Category Fluency:Animal Naming(Fluency)and Trail Making Test:Part A],attention/vigilance[Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs(CPT-IP)],working memory[Wechsler Memory Scale(WMS?-Ⅲ):Spatial Span,and Letter-Number Span(LNS)],verbal learning[Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised],visual learning[Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised],reasoning and problem solving[Neuropsychological Assessment Battery:Mazes],and social cognition[Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test:Managing Emotions].Statistical analyses involved the use of multivariate and univariate analyses of variance.RESULTS:Analyses conducted on the cognitive domain scores revealed no overall significant difference between groups nor any interaction between group and domain score[F(1,45)=0.73,P=0.649].Analyses conducted on each of the specific tasks within the cognitive domains revealed significantly slower reaction times for false alarm responses on the CPT-IP task in AN[F(1,51)=12.80,P<0.01,Cohen’s d=0.982]and a trend towards poorer performance in AN on the backward component of the WMS?-ⅢSpatial Span task[F(1,51)=5.88,P=0.02,Cohen’s d=-0.665].The finding of slower reaction times of false alarm responses is,however,limited due to the small number of false alarm responses for either group.CONCLUSION:The findings are discussed in terms of poorer capacity to manipulate and process visuospatial material in AN.展开更多
AIM To examine how self-reported and behavioural impulsivity are related in anorexia nervosa(AN).METHODS Twenty-four females with AN and 25 healthy controls(HC) participant in the study.Self-reported impulsivity was a...AIM To examine how self-reported and behavioural impulsivity are related in anorexia nervosa(AN).METHODS Twenty-four females with AN and 25 healthy controls(HC) participant in the study.Self-reported impulsivity was assessed with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale(BIS-11).The scale yields three second-order factors:Attentional,motor and non-planning.Behavioural impulsivity was investigated with the continuous performance test(CPT),a computer-based task of sustained attention in which numbers are flashed briefly on screen and participants are required to click the mouse when the same number appears consecutively.The rate of commission and omission errors can be used a measure of behavioural imulsivity.RESULTS AN participants self-reported increased attentional [AN:20.67(3.64),HC:13.88(2.91),P = 0.001] and reduced motor impulsivity [AN:11.55(2.28),HC:14.08(2.78),P = 0.002].The rate of omission or commission errors on the CPT did not differ between groups(P > 0.05).BIS-11 and CPT measures did not significantly correlate,but attentional impulsivity was related to negative mood states in AN(depression:r = 0.52,P = 0.010,anxiety:r = 0.55,P = 0.006,stress:r = 0.57,P = 0.004).CONCLUSION The discrepancy between self-reported and behavioural impulsivity are discussed in terms of perfectionism in AN.Furthermore,it is suggested that improving negative mood states may resolve this inconsistency in AN.展开更多
Objective: Neuroimaging studies using a variety of techniques have been conducted in sleep to explore the changes in brain activity during the different sleep stages. The current study employed a quantitative meta-ana...Objective: Neuroimaging studies using a variety of techniques have been conducted in sleep to explore the changes in brain activity during the different sleep stages. The current study employed a quantitative meta-analytic technique in an attempt to integrate the findings from such studies. Methods: Using an updated version of the Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) method, individual meta-analyses were carried out on: 1) studies contrasting REM sleep and wakefulness, and 2) studies contrasting NREM sleep and wakefulness. Results: Based on the results of the current meta-analyses, a number of cortical and subcortical brain regions appear to be involved in sleep and sleep processes, with both decreases and increases noted across NREM and REM sleep. Specifically, areas of decreased activity comprised thalamic structures (pulvinar, dorsomedial thalamus) and frontal regions (inferior, superior, and middle frontal gyrus). Furthermore, increased and decreased activity was noted in the anterior cingulate during sleep. Conclusions: Despite limited overlap across these sleep stages among regions identified, consistent decreases were revealed in NREM sleep (thalamus) and REM sleep (frontal cortex) when compared to wakefulness. Such findings suggest that these regions may ultimately play a key role in the loss of consciousness characteristic of sleep. Further research is needed to determine if and how such activity may be related to dreaming.展开更多
基金The Jack Brockhoff Foundation(3410)the Dick and Pip Smith Foundation+1 种基金Australian Postgraduate Awardthe David Hay Memorial Fund Award
文摘AIM:To utilise a comprehensive cognitive battery to gain a better understanding of cognitive performance in anorexia nervosa(AN).METHODS:Twenty-six individuals with AN and 27 healthy control participants matched for age,gender and premorbid intelligence,participated in the study.A standard cognitive battery,the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia Consensus Cognitive Battery,was used to investigate performance on seven cognitive domains with the use of 10 different tasks:speed of processing[Brief Assessment Of Cognition In Schizophrenia:Symbol Coding,Category Fluency:Animal Naming(Fluency)and Trail Making Test:Part A],attention/vigilance[Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs(CPT-IP)],working memory[Wechsler Memory Scale(WMS?-Ⅲ):Spatial Span,and Letter-Number Span(LNS)],verbal learning[Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised],visual learning[Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised],reasoning and problem solving[Neuropsychological Assessment Battery:Mazes],and social cognition[Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test:Managing Emotions].Statistical analyses involved the use of multivariate and univariate analyses of variance.RESULTS:Analyses conducted on the cognitive domain scores revealed no overall significant difference between groups nor any interaction between group and domain score[F(1,45)=0.73,P=0.649].Analyses conducted on each of the specific tasks within the cognitive domains revealed significantly slower reaction times for false alarm responses on the CPT-IP task in AN[F(1,51)=12.80,P<0.01,Cohen’s d=0.982]and a trend towards poorer performance in AN on the backward component of the WMS?-ⅢSpatial Span task[F(1,51)=5.88,P=0.02,Cohen’s d=-0.665].The finding of slower reaction times of false alarm responses is,however,limited due to the small number of false alarm responses for either group.CONCLUSION:The findings are discussed in terms of poorer capacity to manipulate and process visuospatial material in AN.
基金supported by the Jack Brockhoff Foundation (L.A.,S.R.,D.C.,A.P.,grant number:3410)the Dick and Pip Smith Foundation (A.P.,L.A.,S.R.,D.C.)+1 种基金an Australian Postgraduate Award (A.P.)the David Hay Memorial Fund Award (A.P.)
文摘AIM To examine how self-reported and behavioural impulsivity are related in anorexia nervosa(AN).METHODS Twenty-four females with AN and 25 healthy controls(HC) participant in the study.Self-reported impulsivity was assessed with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale(BIS-11).The scale yields three second-order factors:Attentional,motor and non-planning.Behavioural impulsivity was investigated with the continuous performance test(CPT),a computer-based task of sustained attention in which numbers are flashed briefly on screen and participants are required to click the mouse when the same number appears consecutively.The rate of commission and omission errors can be used a measure of behavioural imulsivity.RESULTS AN participants self-reported increased attentional [AN:20.67(3.64),HC:13.88(2.91),P = 0.001] and reduced motor impulsivity [AN:11.55(2.28),HC:14.08(2.78),P = 0.002].The rate of omission or commission errors on the CPT did not differ between groups(P > 0.05).BIS-11 and CPT measures did not significantly correlate,but attentional impulsivity was related to negative mood states in AN(depression:r = 0.52,P = 0.010,anxiety:r = 0.55,P = 0.006,stress:r = 0.57,P = 0.004).CONCLUSION The discrepancy between self-reported and behavioural impulsivity are discussed in terms of perfectionism in AN.Furthermore,it is suggested that improving negative mood states may resolve this inconsistency in AN.
文摘Objective: Neuroimaging studies using a variety of techniques have been conducted in sleep to explore the changes in brain activity during the different sleep stages. The current study employed a quantitative meta-analytic technique in an attempt to integrate the findings from such studies. Methods: Using an updated version of the Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) method, individual meta-analyses were carried out on: 1) studies contrasting REM sleep and wakefulness, and 2) studies contrasting NREM sleep and wakefulness. Results: Based on the results of the current meta-analyses, a number of cortical and subcortical brain regions appear to be involved in sleep and sleep processes, with both decreases and increases noted across NREM and REM sleep. Specifically, areas of decreased activity comprised thalamic structures (pulvinar, dorsomedial thalamus) and frontal regions (inferior, superior, and middle frontal gyrus). Furthermore, increased and decreased activity was noted in the anterior cingulate during sleep. Conclusions: Despite limited overlap across these sleep stages among regions identified, consistent decreases were revealed in NREM sleep (thalamus) and REM sleep (frontal cortex) when compared to wakefulness. Such findings suggest that these regions may ultimately play a key role in the loss of consciousness characteristic of sleep. Further research is needed to determine if and how such activity may be related to dreaming.
