Occurrence of Root-Knot and Reniform Nematodes in Ornamental Plants Grown in Aligarh Muslim University Campus, India

An extensive survey of about 50 ornamental plants growing in A.M.U. campus were carried out to find out the infection of root-knot (Meloidogyne spp.) and reniform nematodes (Rotylenchulus reniformis). Out of 50 species of ornamental plants studied, 29 species of these plants were found to be infected with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) and 15 species were infected with reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis). The highest percentage of infection of root-knot nematodes was observed in Impatiens balsamina (100%) and reniform nematode was observed in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (56%). Among the Meloidogyne spp. the highest percentage of infection of M. incognita was observed in Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum (80%) whereas, the highest percentage of infection of M. javanica and M. arenaria was observed in Mirabilis jalapa (72%) and Celosis cristata (28%).

Failure pattern in ceramic metallic target under ballistic impact

The ballistic resistance and failure pattern of a bi-layer alumina 99.5%-aluminium alloy 1100-H12 target against steel 4340 ogival nosed projectile has been explored in the present experimental cum numerical study.In the experimental investigation,damage induced in the ceramic layer has been quantified in terms of number of cracks developed and failure zone dimensions.The resultant damage in the backing layer has been studied with variation in the bulge and perforation hole in the backing layer with the varying incidence velocity.The discussion of the experimental results has been further followed by three dimensional finite element computations using ABAQUS/Explicit finite code to investigate the behaviour of different types of bi-layer targets under multi-hit projectile impact.The JH-2 constitutive model has been used to reproduce the behaviour of alumina 99.5%and JC constitutive model has been used for steel 4340 and aluminium alloy 1100-H12.The total energy dissipation has been noted to be of lesser magnitude in case of sub-sequential impact in comparison to simultaneous impact of two projectiles.The distance between the impact points of two projectiles also effected the ballistic resistance of bi-layer target.The ballistic resistance of single tile ceramic front layer and four tile ceramic of equivalent area found to be dependent upon the boundary conditions provided to the target.

Assessing Spatio-Temporal Land Cover Changes in Dhund River Basin, Eastern Rajasthan (India), Using Multi-Temporal Landsat Data

Land cover is an impression of natural cover on surface of earth such as bare soil, river, grass etc. and utilization of these natural covers for various human needs and purposes by mankind is defined as land use. Land cover identification, delineation and mapping is important for planning activities, resource management and global monitoring studies while baseline mapping and subsequent monitoring is done by application of land use to get timely information about quantity of land that has been used. The present study has been carried out in Dhund river watershed of Jaipur, Rajasthan which covers an area of about 1828 sq∙km. The minimum and maximum elevation of the area is found to be 214 m and 603 m respectively. Land use and land cover changes of three decades from 1991 to 2021 have been interpreted by using remotes sensing and GIS techniques. ArcGIS software (Arc map 10.2), SOI topographic map, Cartosat-1 DEM and satellite data of Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 have been used for interpretation of eleven classes. The study shows an increase in cultivated land, settlement, waterbody, open forest, plantation and mining due to urbanization because of increasing demands of food, shelter and water while a decrease in dense forest, river, open scrub, wasteland and uncultivated land has also been marked due to destruction of aforementioned by anthropogenic activities such as industrialization resulting in environmental degradation that leads to air, soil and water pollution.

AN ALGEBRAIC APPROACH TO DEGENERATE APPELL POLYNOMIALS AND THEIR HYBRID FORMS VIA DETERMINANTS

It is remarkable that studying degenerate versions of polynomials from algebraic point of view is not limited to only special polynomials but can also be extended to their hybrid polynomials.Indeed for the first time,a closed determinant expression for the degenerate Appell polynomials is derived.The determinant forms for the degenerate Bernoulli and Euler polynomials are also investigated.A new class of the degenerate Hermite-Appell polynomials is investigated and some novel identities for these polynomials are established.The degenerate Hermite-Bernoulli and degenerate Hermite-Euler polynomials are considered as special cases of the degenerate Hermite-Appell polynomials.Further,by using Mathematica,we draw graphs of degenerate Hermite-Bernoulli polynomials for different values of indices.The zeros of these polynomials are also explored and their distribution is presented.

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Paleoproterozoic orthogneisses and granitoids of the Banded Gneissic Complex,central Rajasthan,NW India:Implications for crustal reworking processes

Granitoids and orthogneisses(1.7 Ga)from the northern part of the Banded Gneissic Complex(BGC-II domain),Aravalli Craton(NW India)are geochemically analyzed to understand the geodynamic condition and crustal evolution processes.The samples are metaluminous to peraluminous(molar A/CNK:0.74±2.12),and characterized by Eu-anomaly ranging from 0.17 to 1.06,Fe_(2)O_(3)^(T)/(Fe_(2)O_(3)^(T)+MgO)from 0.8 to 0.9 and high magmatic zircon saturation temperature(>830°C)which are the features suggestive of A-type granite affinity.Tectonic discrimination diagrams classify the samples as post-collisional extensional A2-type granites.Geochemical characteristics along with trace element ratios[(Y/Nb)_(N)=0.15 to 4.33(avg.0.76),(Th/Nb)_(N)=4.63 to 255.47(avg.63.13),(Th/Ta)_(N)=1.37 to 9.84(avg.8.86),(Ce/Pb)_(N)=0.05 to 3.05(avg.1.43)]indicate that the rocks were derived from a plagioclase-rich and garnet-free crustal source under lowpressure conditions.Further,it is also proposed that tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite(TTG)rocks which occur dominantly in southern Rajasthan(BGC-I)are precursors and their partial melting led to the generation of the studied A-type granite samples.The studied samples also bear close geochemical similarity with A-type granites of similar age(1.7 Ga)near the Sakhun-Ladera region of northern BGC-II.The studied A-type granites are believed to be coeval to similar aged A-type granites of the Khetri and Alwar sub-basins of the North Delhi Fold Belt(NDFB).They are comparable in age and magmatic history to recorded A-type magmatism in North America and parts of the Chinese craton.The large geographical extents of synchronous A-type granites are proposed to be related to the Columbia Supercontinent assembly(ca.1.7 Ga;postcollisional granites).Thus,based on the studied extensional granites,we surmise that BGC-II was part of the Columbia Supercontinent.

Rare earth element signatures of Paleoproterozoic Sallopat phosphorites of Aravalli Basin,India:implications for diagenetic effects and depositional environment

As a repository of REE,the Paleoproterozoic phosphorite of the Aravalli Basin in India is explored time to time.Paleoproterozoic phosphorite deposits of the Sallopat sub-basin Banswara district of the Aravalli Supergroup show moderate REE concentrations much lower than that of average marine phosphorites.Different ratios and PAAS-normalized REE distribution patterns reflect MREE enrichment over LREE and HREE in these phosphorites.MREE enrichment confirmed by(Sm/Yb)Nversus(Sm/Pr)Nrelationship and attributed to the selective uptake by cyanobacteria and mixing of riverine inputs.Y/Ho,La/Ce and Er/Nd ratios confirm that the REE in Sallopat phosphorites might have been affected by the argillaceous terrigenous and plagioclase-rich sediments probably derived from Banded Gneissic Complex.Diagenetic modeling indicates that REE were concentrated during early diagenetic processes with limited weathering influence.Moderate negative to low Ce anomaly depicts oxic to sub-oxic conditions of seawater due to oxidation of Ce^(3+)to Ce^(4+)whereas Eu^(3+)reduced to Eu^(2+)indicating positive Euanomaly and reducing conditions as well during the deposition.These anomalies may be due to the stratified restricted marine environment of upwelling and mingling of organic-rich anoxic deep water with oxic upper seawater prior to the formation of phosphorite deposits in the embayment.Enrichment of REE in Sallopat phosphorite relies on various physico-chemical conditions.These phosphorites may have been formed in restricted marine water which was influenced by extra clastic sediment input carried out by fluvial systems.

Exploring the nano-fungicidal efficacy of green synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles(MgO NPs)on the development,physiology,and infection of carrot(Daucus carota L.)with Alternaria leaf blight(ALB):Molecular docking

In this research,green synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles(MgO NPs)from lemon fruit extracts and their fungicidal potential was evaluated against Alternaria dauci infection on carrot(Daucus carota L.)under greenhouse conditions.The scanning and transmission electron microscopy(SEM and TEM)and ultra-violet(UV)visible spectroscopy were used to validate and characterize MgO NPs.The crystalline nature of MgONPs was determined using selected area electron diffraction(SAED).MgO NPs triggered substantial antifungal activity against A.dauci when exposed to 50 and 100 mg L^(–1)concentrations but the higher antifungal potential was noticed in 100 mg L^(–1)under invitro conditions.In fungal inoculated plants,a marked decrease in growth,photosynthetic pigments,and an increase in phenol,proline contents,and defense-related enzymes of carrot were seen over control(distilled water).However,foliar application of MgO NPs at 50 and 100 mg L^(–1)resulted in significant improvement of plant growth,photosynthetic pigments,phenol and proline contents,and defense enzymes activity of carrots with and without A.dauci infection.Spraying of MgO NPs at 100 mg L^(–1)had more plant length(17.11%),shoot dry weight(34.38%),plant fresh weight(20.46%),and root dry weight(49.09%)in carrots when challenged with A.dauci over inoculated control.The leaf blight indices and percent disease severity were also reduced in A.dauci inoculated plants when sprayed with MgO NPs.The non-bonding interactions of Alternaria genus protein with nanoparticles were studied using molecular docking.

Metabolites Composition of Bacillus subtilis HussainT-AMU Determined by LC-MS and Their Effect on Fusarium Dry Rot of Potato Seed Tuber

Fusarium dry rot is considered to be the most critical soilborne and postharvest disease that damages potato tubers worldwide when they are stored for a long time.This study was performed to demonstrate the effect of crude extract,culture filtrate,and cell suspension obtained from the bacterium Bacillus subtilis Hussain T-AMU,on the net house and field.From oil-contaminated soil,through the serial dilution method,biosurfactant bacteria were isolated on nutrient agar medium.To isolate and screen the prospective biosurfactant strain,various biosurfactant screening methods were used.Standard protocols were carried out for morphological,molecular,and chemical characterization.The disease incidences were significantly decreased under net house and field conditions after treatment with biosurfactant extract(20%,70%),culture filtrate(23%,49%),and bacterial cell suspension(46%,27%),respectively.These results indicate a significant effect of B.subtilis HussainT-AMU against Fusarium oxysporum.The characterization of the partially purified extract by gas-chromatography indicated the existence of a high amount of methyl ester fatty acids.The quantitative analysis determined the presence of lipopeptide-surfactin,fengycin,and iturin in the biosurfactant extract.Scanning electron microscopy revealed that morphological variation was revealed in the structure of stomata size in leaves and in the mycelia of the pathogen that was investigated.This promising biocontrol agent can be a plausible option for further research and can also be used for the production of green biomolecules at an additional industrial level.

Fate and toxicity of nanoparticles in aquatic systems

Nanotechnology is a ground-breaking multidisciplinary fi eld across a broad spectrum of basic and applied sciences for producing and applying nano-sized materials for innovative solutions.The use of nanomaterials in industrial applications,medical products,and consumers has increased repeatedly over the last few years,and these applications will likely continue to grow.In an aquatic ecosystem,nanoparticles take entry through a direct route that includes industrial discharge,disposal of wastewater treatment e ffl uents,and indirect runof f from the soil.After reaching the aquatic environment,the nanomaterials are highly af fected by their backdrops and subsequently go through various conversions like agglomeration,aggregation,dissolution,sulfi dation,etc.The fate and the behavior of nanomaterials in the aquatic system not only depend on their physical-chemical properties but also on the pH,temperature,salinity,water hardness,and concentration of natural organic matter present in receiving water.In this review,emphasis has been given to the toxicological properties and potential risks of nanomaterials in terms of factors contributing to their toxicology,bioavailability,and accumulation in aquatic organisms as well as the environment.Furthermore,we summarize the published data on engineered nanoparticles’ef fect on aquatic organisms.The issues related to the accumulation and penetration of nanoparticles in the aquatic organism,their toxic ef fect,and biotransformation along with the food web are also discussed.Since nanomaterials are being increasingly released into aquatic bodies,it is important to pay greater attention to their toxicity and how it af fects the aquatic ecosystem.The nanomaterials are bioavailable to plants,resulting in trophic transfer,and they impact other organisms through biomagnifi cation,as discussed in this review.To close the enormous information gap,extensive research on the interactions and impacts of NPs on dif ferent species belonging to dif ferent trophic levels of the aquatic environment and the destiny of NPs along the food chain of the ecosystem is urgently needed.

Viscometric Studies of Some Amino Acids/Peptides in Aqueous K2SO4/KNO3 Solutions at Different Temperatures (298.15 - 323.15 K)

Viscosities of L-leucine/L-glutamine/L-alanine/glycylglycine + 0.512 mol·kg-1 aqueous K2SO4/0.512mol·kg-1 aqueous KNO3 solutions have been measured as a function of molal concentration of amino acids/peptides at different temperatures (298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15, 318.15 and 323.15) K. Using the viscosity values of the studied systems the viscosity B-coefficients and activation parameters: , , and have been computed. The B-coefficient is a quantity of active solvodynamic measurements of solvated ion and also is overseen through magnitude and form properties of solute, and the basic effects made by means of the solute-solvent functioning. The experimental and computed parameters have been discussed in terms of ion-ion, hydrophilicion and hydrophobicion interactions operative in the systems.

Smart Quarantine Environment Privacy through IoT Gadgets Using Blockchain

The coronavirus,formerly known as COVID-19,has caused massive global disasters.As a precaution,most governments imposed quarantine periods ranging from months to years and postponed significantfinancial obligations.Furthermore,governments around the world have used cutting-edge technologies to track citizens’activity.Thousands of sensors were connected to IoT(Internet of Things)devices to monitor the catastrophic eruption with billions of connected devices that use these novel tools and apps,privacy and security issues regarding data transmission and memory space abound.In this study,we suggest a block-chain-based methodology for safeguarding data in the billions of devices and sen-sors connected over the internet.Various trial secrecy and safety qualities are based on cutting-edge cryptography.To evaluate the proposed model,we recom-mend using an application of the system,a Raspberry Pi single-board computer in an IoT system,a laptop,a computer,cell phones and the Ethereum smart contract platform.The models ability to ensure safety,effectiveness and a suitable budget is proved by the Gowalla dataset results.

Performance Enhancement of Adaptive Neural Networks Based on Learning Rate

Deep learning is the process of determining parameters that reduce the cost function derived from the dataset.The optimization in neural networks at the time is known as the optimal parameters.To solve optimization,it initialize the parameters during the optimization process.There should be no variation in the cost function parameters at the global minimum.The momentum technique is a parameters optimization approach;however,it has difficulties stopping the parameter when the cost function value fulfills the global minimum(non-stop problem).Moreover,existing approaches use techniques;the learning rate is reduced during the iteration period.These techniques are monotonically reducing at a steady rate over time;our goal is to make the learning rate parameters.We present a method for determining the best parameters that adjust the learning rate in response to the cost function value.As a result,after the cost function has been optimized,the process of the rate Schedule is complete.This approach is shown to ensure convergence to the optimal parameters.This indicates that our strategy minimizes the cost function(or effective learning).The momentum approach is used in the proposed method.To solve the Momentum approach non-stop problem,we use the cost function of the parameter in our proposed method.As a result,this learning technique reduces the quantity of the parameter due to the impact of the cost function parameter.To verify that the learning works to test the strategy,we employed proof of convergence and empirical tests using current methods and the results are obtained using Python.

A Comparative Analysis of Caffeine Extraction Efficiency from Different Tea Varieties and Its Effect on Human Physiology: A Spectrophotometric Investigation

The current work imitates the trivial method which intricates the abstraction along with classification of caffeine accessible in variability of decoction shrubberies which are expended in two different states of India (Telengana & Uttar Pradesh). As per observation individuals of both the states are identical tender of consumption of tea. Abstraction progression tangled variability of stages which are discoursed in the work. In addition, the outcome of drinking of caffeine or the permitted ingestion of caffeine over tea has also been conferred through the work and linked the data with the literature data. In this study, we used a UV-visible spectrophotometer as well as liquid-liquid extraction method to determine the caffeine content in various tea samples. The significance of this study lies in the fact that accurate determination of caffeine content is essential for quality control and labeling of tea products. The UV-visible spectrophotometer method was found to be simple, reliable, and sensitive for the detection of caffeine in tea samples.

Design of ANN Based Non-Linear Network Using Interconnection of Parallel Processor

Suspicious mass traffic constantly evolves,making network behaviour tracing and structure more complex.Neural networks yield promising results by considering a sufficient number of processing elements with strong interconnections between them.They offer efficient computational Hopfield neural networks models and optimization constraints used by undergoing a good amount of parallelism to yield optimal results.Artificial neural network(ANN)offers optimal solutions in classifying and clustering the various reels of data,and the results obtained purely depend on identifying a problem.In this research work,the design of optimized applications is presented in an organized manner.In addition,this research work examines theoretical approaches to achieving optimized results using ANN.It mainly focuses on designing rules.The optimizing design approach of neural networks analyzes the internal process of the neural networks.Practices in developing the network are based on the interconnections among the hidden nodes and their learning parameters.The methodology is proven best for nonlinear resource allocation problems with a suitable design and complex issues.The ANN proposed here considers more or less 46k nodes hidden inside 49 million connections employed on full-fledged parallel processors.The proposed ANN offered optimal results in real-world application problems,and the results were obtained using MATLAB.

Influence of Recycling Waste Glass as Fine Aggregate on the Concrete Properties

Recent years have witnessed an increase in the quantity of waste glass(WG)across the globe.Replacing the fine aggregate with WG is one of the steps toward preserving the natural resources of the environment and creating low-cost concrete.The present study is concerned with replacing fine aggregates with glass powder(GP)at(0%,15%,30%,and 50%).It has studied the fresh and hardened properties(compressive strength,tensile strength,hardened density,and slump)for all the mentioned percent replacements.The findings have shown that all mixtures containing GP gave acceptable slump results within the design limits(2–5 cm)according to ACI standard 211.1.It has been observed that increasing the proportion of GP led to a decrease in the weight of concrete.Lastly,replacing GP with sand by 30%has led to an increase in the compressive strength by about 2.4%and 12.45%,and the tensile strength by about 2.5%and 26.54%at 7-and 28-d,respectively in comparison to normal concrete.

Carbonatite Occurrence in Ambaji-Sendra Belt of NW Indian Shield: Evidence of Carbonatitic Magmatism in the Subduction Setting

The paper represents a new discovery of a late Mesoproterozoic lenticular and discontinuous, carbonatitic body exposed at Basantgarh, Sendra and near the Abu-road area of the Ambaji-Sendra belt of the South Delhi Fold Belt. It is medium to coarse-grained and light to dark coloured compact rock. The common associates of the carbonatitic rock are felsic rocks, rich in alkalies. Carbonatite contains more than 50% carbonate minerals, the majority of which are calcite, dolomite, ankerite, augite-aegirine augite and plagioclase. It is classified as calcite carbonatite of the sövite variety due to its coarse-grained character, chemically as calico-carbonatite and magnesio-carbonatite and even as silico-carbonatites for having more than 20% SiO2. The ∑REE contents of calico-carbonatite samples are nearly 100 times greater than magnesio-carbonatite. Chondrite normalised REE profiles of calcio-carbonatites are LREE enriched with nearly flat HREEs whereas the magnesio-carbonatite is characterised by flat REE patterns. The mantle-normalized incompatible trace element spidergram of Ambaji-Sendra belt carbonatites shows distinct negative anomalies of Ba, Nb, Ta, P, Sm, Eu, Ti and Y and positive at U and Pb by calcio-carbonatite whereas the magnesio-carbonatite displays negative kinks at K, Zr, Nb, Ta and Ti and positive at Th, Pb and Sr. The variable and/or contrasting enrichment/depletion in various elements in the two types of Ambaji-Sendra belt carbonatite is attributed either to significant differences in the type and modal proportion of different accessory mineral species or selective incorporation of metasomatic fluids during the subduction process. The chemical attributes of Ambaji-Sendra belt carbonatite suggest its emplacement in subduction settings.

Impact of metal polluted sewage water on soil nematode assemblages in agricultural settings of Aligarh,India

Sewage water in agriculture threatens human health and soil ecosystems through metal pollution.Nematodes show promise as bioindicators of soil health due to their abundance and position in soil food webs.Metal-polluted water decreased abundance of certain nematode groups and Sigma Maturity Index.Metal pollution positively affected nematode groups with r-selected life cycles.Sewage water has been inappropriately used in agriculture,posing possible threats to human health and the soil ecosystems by its constituent pollutants,especially heavy metals.Correct evaluation of its influences on soil biomes needs to consider the response of soil fauna.Among soil organisms,nematodes are seen as the best promising candidates for bioindicators of soil health.Here in,we collected soil samples from fresh water irrigated field from three sites(S1,S2 and S3)and sewage water irrigated distance gradient(5 m-40 m),to assess the influence of metal(Cu,Zn,Cd,Mn,Pb)polluted water on various characteristics of nematode communities.The results indicated that the heavy metals decreased the abundance of C-p3 nematodes,herbivores,and predatory nematodes as well as sigma maturity index,whereas,C-p1,C-p2,bacterivore and fungivore nematodes abundance and diversity positively responded to the metal pollution.Generally,nematode genera with r-selected life cycle were positively affected and those with K-selected life cycle were negatively affected by metal pollution.Overall nematode community has potential to be used as indicator of pollution stress in agricultural soils to check soil health and sustainability.

Antibacterial efficacy of the seed extracts of Melia azedarach against some hospital isolated human pathogenic bacterial strains

Objective:To investigate the antibacterial potential of the polar and non-polar extracts of the seeds of Melia azedarach(M.azedarach) L.(Meliaceae) against eighteen hospital isolated human pathogenic bacterial strains.Methods:Petrol,benzene,ethyl acetate,methanol,and aqueous extracts at five different concentrations(1,2,5,10 and 15 mg/mL) were evaluated.Disk diffusion method was followed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy.Results:All extracts of the seeds demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against tested pathogens.Among all extracts,ethyl acetate extract revealed the highest inhibition comparatively.The present study also favored the traditional uses reported earlier.Conclusions:Results of this study strongly confirm that the seed extracts of M.azedarach could be effective antibiotics,both in controlling gram-positive and gram-negative human pathogenic infections.

Influence of ellagic acid on prostate cancer cell proliferation:A caspase-dependent pathway

Objective:To evaluate the effect of allagic acid treatment on the cell viability of human prostate cancer cells.Methods:Ellagic acid(10-100 mol/L) treatment(48 h) of human prostate carcinoma PC3 cells was found to result in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth and apoptosis of PC3 cells as assessed by MTT assay,western blotting.flow cytometry and confocal microscopy.Results:We observed that ellagic acid treatment of PC3 cells resulted in a dose dependent inhibition of cell growth/cell viability.This ellagic acid caused cell growth inhibition was found to be accompanied by induction of apoptosis,as assessed by the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase(PARP) and morphological changes.Further,induction of apoptosis accompanied a decrease in the levels of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and increase in proapoptotic protein Bax.thus shifting the Bax:Bcl-2 ratio in favor of apoptosis.Ellagic acid treatment of PC3 cells was also found to result in significant activation of caspases,as shown by the dose dependent decrease in the protein expression of procaspase-3,-6.-8 and -9.This ellagic acid-mediated induction of apoptosis was significantly(80%-90%) inhibited by the caspase inhibitor N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone(Z-VAD-FMK).Thus these data suggested an essential role of caspases in ellagic acid-mediated apoptosis of PC3 cells.Conclusions:It is tempting to suggest that consumption of tropical pigmented fruits and vegetables could be an effective strategy to combat prostate cancer.

Studies on the management of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita-wilt fungus, Fusarium oxysporum disease complex of green gram, Vigna radiata cv ML-1108

Studies were conducted under pot conditions to determine the comparative efficacy ofcarbofuran at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, bavistin at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, neem （Azadirachta indica） seed powder at 50 mg/kg soil, green mould （Trichoderma harzianum） at 50.0 ml/kg soil, rhizobacteria （Pseudomonas fluorescens） at 50.0 ml/kg soil against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita-wilt fungus, Fusarium oxysporum disease complex on green gram, Vigna radiata cv ML-1108. All the treatments significantly improved the growth of the plants as compared carbofuran and A. indica seed powder increased plant growth to untreated inoculated plants. Analysis of data showed that and yield significantly more in comparison to bavistin and P. fluorescens. Carbofuran was highly effective against nematode, bavistin against fungus, A. indica seed powder against both the pathogens and both the bioagents were moderately effective against both the pathogens.