Bimatoprost (LUMIGAN) is a novel synthetic prostamide that potently lowers intraocular pressure in dogs, primates and humans. Bimatoprost is functionally and pharmacologically distinct from PGF2alpha, potently exhibit...Bimatoprost (LUMIGAN) is a novel synthetic prostamide that potently lowers intraocular pressure in dogs, primates and humans. Bimatoprost is functionally and pharmacologically distinct from PGF2alpha, potently exhibits prostamide-like activities and works directly to lower IOP. In this series of studies, confocal fluorescence microscopy was employed to compare the effects展开更多
Objective: To compare efficacy and safety of bimato-prost (Lumigan) QD vs timolol/dorzolamide (Cosopt) BID. Methods: Randomized, double-masked, multicenter 3-month clinical trial. 177 patients with glaucoma or ocular ...Objective: To compare efficacy and safety of bimato-prost (Lumigan) QD vs timolol/dorzolamide (Cosopt) BID. Methods: Randomized, double-masked, multicenter 3-month clinical trial. 177 patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension with uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOPs between 22 and 34 mmHg) after at least 2 weeks of timolol 0.5% monotherapy展开更多
AIM： To investigate EP4-selective agonist effect on indomethacin-induced gastric lesions and on the spontaneous healing of chronic gastric ulcers. METHODS： In a mouse model of gastric bleeding with high dose of indo...AIM： To investigate EP4-selective agonist effect on indomethacin-induced gastric lesions and on the spontaneous healing of chronic gastric ulcers. METHODS： In a mouse model of gastric bleeding with high dose of indomethacin （20 mg/kg）, an EP4-selective agonist was administered orally. Stomach lesions and gastric mucous regeneration were monitored. In a mouse model of chronic gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid, EP4 agonist effect on the healing of chronic gastric ulcer was evaluated in the presence or absence of low dose indomethadn （3 mg/kg）. In cultured human gastric mucous cells, EP4 agonist effect on indomethacin- induced apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS： The EP4-selective agonist reduced high dose indomethacin-induced acute hemorrhagic damage and promoted mucous epithelial regeneration. Low-dose indomethacin aggravated ulcer bleeding and inflammation, and delayed the healing of the established chronic gastric ulcer. The EP4 agonist, when applied locally, not only offset indomethacin-induced gastric bleeding and inflammation, but also accelerated ulcer healing. In the absence of indomethacin, the EP4 agonist even accelerated chronic gastric ulcer healing and suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration in the granulation tissue. In vitro, the EP4 agonist protected human gastric mucous cells from indomethacin-induced apoptosis.CONCLUSION： EP4-selective agonist may prevent indomethacin-induced gastric lesions and promote healing of existing and i ulcers, via promoting mucous epithelial cells. proliferation and survival of mucous epithelial cells.展开更多
AIM：To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the fixed combination of bimatoprost 0.03%and timolol 0.5%（BTFC）in patients in Greece with primary open angle glaucoma（POAG）or ocular hypertension（OHT）whose prev...AIM：To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the fixed combination of bimatoprost 0.03%and timolol 0.5%（BTFC）in patients in Greece with primary open angle glaucoma（POAG）or ocular hypertension（OHT）whose previous therapy provided insufficient lowering of intraocular pressure（IOP）.·METHODS：A multicenter,prospective,open-label,non-interventional,observational study of the use of BTFC in clinical practice was conducted at 41 sites in Greece.The primary endpoint was the reduction in IOP from baseline at study end,approximately 12wk after initiation of BTFC therapy.·RESULTS：A total of 785 eligible patients were enrolled in the study and 97.6%completed the study.The mean±SD IOP reduction from baseline at 12wk after initiation of BTFC was 6.3±2.8 mm Hg（=764;〈0.001）.In patients（=680）who replaced their previous IOP-lowering monotherapy（a single drug,or a fixed combination of 2drugs in a single ophthalmic drop）with once-daily BTFC,the mean±SD IOP reduction from baseline at 12wk was 6.2±2.8 mm Hg（〈0.001）.IOP was reduced from baseline in 99.2%of patients,and 58.0%of patients reached or exceeded their target IOP.Substantial mean IOP reductions were observed regardless of the previous therapy.BTFC was well tolerated,with 96.0%of patients who completed the study rating the tolerability of BTFC as＂good＂or＂very good.＂Adverse events were reported in 8.3%of patients;only 0.6%of patients discontinued the study due to adverse events.·C ONCLUSION：In clinical practice in Greece,BTFC is well tolerated and effectively lower the IOP in patients with POAG or OHT who requires additional IOP lowering on their previous therapy.展开更多
Objectives: To conduct a multi-national retrospective chart review with the purposes of assessing resource utilization, progression, and costs associated with treating glaucoma in Europe. Methods: Patient chart data w...Objectives: To conduct a multi-national retrospective chart review with the purposes of assessing resource utilization, progression, and costs associated with treating glaucoma in Europe. Methods: Patient chart data was reviewed to assign patients to all stages of glaucoma progression. The Bascom Palmer Glaucoma Staging System (GSS) was selected, as most adaptable because展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of bimatoprost 0.03% (Lumigan) monotherapy in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension previously treated with timolol 0.5% gel-forming solution (Timoptic-XE) and la...Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of bimatoprost 0.03% (Lumigan) monotherapy in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension previously treated with timolol 0.5% gel-forming solution (Timoptic-XE) and latanoprost 0.005% (Xalatan) dual therapy. Methods: An open-label, multicenter e-valuation of 83 patients. Patients were assigned to dual therapy with latanoprost qPM and timolol gel-forming solu-展开更多
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Because patients with diabetes mellitus may visit their primary care physician reg-ularly but not their ophthalmologist, a retinal risk assessment in the primary care setting could improve th...BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Because patients with diabetes mellitus may visit their primary care physician reg-ularly but not their ophthalmologist, a retinal risk assessment in the primary care setting could improve the screening rate for diabetic retinopathy. An imaging system for use in the primary care setting to identify diabetic retinopathy requiring referral to an ophthalmologistwas evaluated. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a masked prospective study, images were obtained from 111 patients with diabetes mellitus using both the digital retinal imaging system and seven-field stereo color fundus photography. The ability to obtain gradable images and to identify diabetic retinal lesions was compared. RESULTS: Of all images, 85% of digital retinal imaging system images and 88% of seven-field images were gradable. Agreement based on “ no retinopathy” versus “ any retinopathy” was excellent (Kappa=0.96). Agreement based on “ microaneurysms or less retinopathy” versus “ retinal hemorrhages or worse retinopathy” was very good (Kappa=0.83). CONCLUSIONS: The agreement between the digital retinal imaging system and seven-field photography indicates that the digital retinal imaging system may be useful to screen for diabetic retinopathy.展开更多
Purpose: To compare the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering efficacy of topically administered bimatoprost 0.03% with la-tanoprost 0.005% in patients with ocular hypertension (OHT) or glaucoma. Design: Multicenter, in...Purpose: To compare the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering efficacy of topically administered bimatoprost 0.03% with la-tanoprost 0.005% in patients with ocular hypertension (OHT) or glaucoma. Design: Multicenter, investigator-masked, 6-month randomized clinical trial. Methods: After washout of glaucoma medications, patients with OHT or glaucoma were randomly as-展开更多
Bimatoprost is a novel ocular hypotensive agent and a synthetic prostamide analog. Pharmacological evaluation, involving functional and radioligand binding studies on recombinant and natural receptors, showed that bim...Bimatoprost is a novel ocular hypotensive agent and a synthetic prostamide analog. Pharmacological evaluation, involving functional and radioligand binding studies on recombinant and natural receptors, showed that bimatoprost acts through novel, prostamide sensitive receptors. The drug lacks meaningful interaction with known human receptors, including ocular drug tar-展开更多
Purpose: Memantine, an uncompetitive NMDA receptor channel blocker has been used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and dementia. This study was done to evaluate the neu-roprotective effeet of memantine...Purpose: Memantine, an uncompetitive NMDA receptor channel blocker has been used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and dementia. This study was done to evaluate the neu-roprotective effeet of memantine in different retinal ganglion cell (RGC) injury models in rats. Methods: Neuroprotective effect of memantine was tested in calibrated optic nerve展开更多
Lumigan (Bimatoprost) is a synthetic prostamide analog with a pharmacology profile that is distinct from prostaglandins. Lumigan is also a potent and highly efficacious ocular hypotensive a-gent over a 0.001% - 0.1% d...Lumigan (Bimatoprost) is a synthetic prostamide analog with a pharmacology profile that is distinct from prostaglandins. Lumigan is also a potent and highly efficacious ocular hypotensive a-gent over a 0.001% - 0.1% dose range. To closely represent events that would occur in human subjects who receive Lumigan, two ocular distribution and metabolism studies on Lumigan展开更多
AIM:To explore the global trends and focus of glaucoma research from 2009 to 2018.METHODS:Searching for glaucoma-related articles published in Science Citation Index Expanded(SCIE)database during 2009-2018,and describ...AIM:To explore the global trends and focus of glaucoma research from 2009 to 2018.METHODS:Searching for glaucoma-related articles published in Science Citation Index Expanded(SCIE)database during 2009-2018,and describing the distribution of the published year,countries,authors,institutions,funding agencies,journals,impact factor,citation and hot research topic of articles by using bibliometric methods.Meanwhile,we compared some of these indicators over two five-year periods,from 2009 to 2013 and from 2014 to 2018.RESULTS:A total of 19609 glaucoma-related articles were retrieved and the global SCIE articles have increased yearly from 2009 to 2018.The USA was the pioneer which has made great contributions.China kept the second place and the number of publications has increased rapidly between 2014 and 2018.The author with the highest number of publications was Weinreb,RN.Co-occurrence maps were built amongst the top 50 authors or the top 50 institutions with the most articles,which visualize the closer collaboration of international authors or institutions.The journal Investigative Ophthalmology&Visual Science has published the most papers.Glaucoma literature with an impact factor of 3-5 points accounted for the largest proportion(28.96%).The most frequently cited paper had 798 citations.The top three hot areas on glaucoma were intraocular pressure,optical coherence tomography(OCT)and retinal ganglion cells.And trabecular meshwork,primary angle-closure glaucoma and Spectral-domain OCT have become new hot research topics in recent five years during 2014-2018.CONCLUSION:Bibliometric analysis is an effective method to describe the global literature on glaucoma.In a 10-year literature survey from 2009 to 2018,global glaucoma research has developed in a balanced manner,and the cooperation between various institutions and teams has become closer.Glaucoma-related pathogenesis research,imaging examinations of OCT and surgery therapy have attracted most attention.展开更多
Background:Topical tazarotene has been shown to offer efficacy in amelioratin g multiple effects of photodamage. Objectives To evaluate the histological effec ts of tazarotene cream on photodamaged skin. Methods:In th...Background:Topical tazarotene has been shown to offer efficacy in amelioratin g multiple effects of photodamage. Objectives To evaluate the histological effec ts of tazarotene cream on photodamaged skin. Methods:In this multicentre, doubl e-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled study, 50 patients with photodamaged f acial skin (at least mild fine wrinkling and mottled hyperpigmentation, with at least one of these being moderate) were randomized to apply tazarotene 0.1%crea m or vehicle cream to their face, once daily for 24 weeks. Results:Blinded asse ssments showed that tazarotene was less likely than vehicle to be associated wit h an increase in keratinocytic and melanocytic atypia, and more likely than vehi cle to be associated with a reduction in atypia. Between-group comparisons in d istribution of change from baseline categories of severity were in favour of taz arotene (P=0.055 for keratinocytic atypia, P= 0.034 for melanocytic atypia, and P < 0.001 for the number of granular cell layers). Compared with vehicle, tazaro tene was associatedwithanincreaseinepidermalpolarity(P=0.008)and epidermalthickn ess(P=0.012),and a tendency for stratum corneum compaction,Tazarotene was also a ssociated with widened intercellular spaces (reported as epidermal oede ma) relative to vehicle (P < 0.001). Conclusions:Treatment of photodamaged sk in with tazarotene is associated with an amelioration of keratinocytic and melan ocytic atypia, an improvement in epidermal polarity, and an increase in epiderma l thickness.展开更多
背景与目的单例病例报告和单例病例对照研究均已显示，乳房假体与间变性淋巴瘤激酶阴性的间变性大T细胞淋巴瘤（anaplastic large T—cell lymphoma，ALCL）之间有相关关系，但没有因果关系证据。ALCL是一种罕见的非霍奇金淋巴瘤。本文...背景与目的单例病例报告和单例病例对照研究均已显示，乳房假体与间变性淋巴瘤激酶阴性的间变性大T细胞淋巴瘤（anaplastic large T—cell lymphoma，ALCL）之间有相关关系，但没有因果关系证据。ALCL是一种罕见的非霍奇金淋巴瘤。本文综述了已发表的证据，包括病例报告和流行病学研究。方法在PubMed数据库中，检索已报道的与乳房相关ALCL病例的文献，且文献语种为英文，检索词为“乳房假体”“淋巴瘤”“原发性T细胞乳腺淋巴瘤”“乳房假体和ALCL”。结果共纳入18篇文献，包括27例乳房置入假体后发生ALCL的病例。无论是否有乳房假体置入史，与乳房相关的ALCL均可能发生。在27例患者中，21例（78％）CD30间变性淋巴瘤激酶为阴性，表现为无痛的临床病程。报道中使用的乳房假体填充物包括盐水和硅胶；然而，多数报道没有报道假体类型和表面是光面还是毛面。肿瘤分期：Ⅰ期16例，Ⅱ期及以上7例，未报道4例。没有前瞻性流行病学研究报道乳房假体与ALCL之间具有相关性；然而，只有1项以荷兰女性为研究对象的单例病例对照研究报道了乳房置入假体患者发生ALCL的风险会增加，其估算的概率为百万分之一。结论许多研究已报道了乳房假体与ALCL之间具有相关关系，但没有因果关系的证据，还需要进一步地通过研究来证实这种相关关系。与乳房相关的ALCL发生率很低（无论是否有乳房假体置入史），其通常表现为无痛的临床病程，这一发现可能导致世界卫生组织修改淋巴瘤的命名；但是，也有研究报道了其临床表现具有侵袭性。ALCL的发生不限于某种特定类型的假体（临床问题／证据等级：风险，V）。展开更多
Metabolic(dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)affects a third of the population and is a leading cause of liver-related death.Since no effective treatments exist,novel approaches to drug development are ...Metabolic(dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)affects a third of the population and is a leading cause of liver-related death.Since no effective treatments exist,novel approaches to drug development are required.Unfortunately,outdated terminology and definitions of the disease are hampering efforts to develop new drugs and treatments.An international consensus panel has put forth an influential proposal for the disease to be renamed from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)to MAFLD,includ-ing a proposal for how the disease should be diagnosed.As allies with the many stakeholders in MAFLD care―including patients,patients’advocates,clinicians,researchers,nurse and allied health groups,regional societies,and others―we are aware of the negative consequences of the NAFLD term and definition.We share the sense of urgency for change and will act in new ways to achieve our goals.Although there is much work to be done to overcome clinical inertia and reverse worrisome recent trends,the MAFLD initiative provides a firm foundation to build on.It provides a roadmap for moving for-ward toward more efficient care and affordable,sustainable drug and device innovation in MAFLD care.We hope it will bring promising new opportunities for a brighter future for MAFLD care and improve care and outcomes for patients of one of the globe’s largest and costliest public health burdens.From this viewpoint,we have revisited this initiative through the perspectives of drug development and regulatory science.展开更多
文摘Bimatoprost (LUMIGAN) is a novel synthetic prostamide that potently lowers intraocular pressure in dogs, primates and humans. Bimatoprost is functionally and pharmacologically distinct from PGF2alpha, potently exhibits prostamide-like activities and works directly to lower IOP. In this series of studies, confocal fluorescence microscopy was employed to compare the effects
文摘Objective: To compare efficacy and safety of bimato-prost (Lumigan) QD vs timolol/dorzolamide (Cosopt) BID. Methods: Randomized, double-masked, multicenter 3-month clinical trial. 177 patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension with uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOPs between 22 and 34 mmHg) after at least 2 weeks of timolol 0.5% monotherapy
文摘AIM： To investigate EP4-selective agonist effect on indomethacin-induced gastric lesions and on the spontaneous healing of chronic gastric ulcers. METHODS： In a mouse model of gastric bleeding with high dose of indomethacin （20 mg/kg）, an EP4-selective agonist was administered orally. Stomach lesions and gastric mucous regeneration were monitored. In a mouse model of chronic gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid, EP4 agonist effect on the healing of chronic gastric ulcer was evaluated in the presence or absence of low dose indomethadn （3 mg/kg）. In cultured human gastric mucous cells, EP4 agonist effect on indomethacin- induced apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS： The EP4-selective agonist reduced high dose indomethacin-induced acute hemorrhagic damage and promoted mucous epithelial regeneration. Low-dose indomethacin aggravated ulcer bleeding and inflammation, and delayed the healing of the established chronic gastric ulcer. The EP4 agonist, when applied locally, not only offset indomethacin-induced gastric bleeding and inflammation, but also accelerated ulcer healing. In the absence of indomethacin, the EP4 agonist even accelerated chronic gastric ulcer healing and suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration in the granulation tissue. In vitro, the EP4 agonist protected human gastric mucous cells from indomethacin-induced apoptosis.CONCLUSION： EP4-selective agonist may prevent indomethacin-induced gastric lesions and promote healing of existing and i ulcers, via promoting mucous epithelial cells. proliferation and survival of mucous epithelial cells.
基金funded by Allergan,Inc.(Irvine,CA,USA)through Nexus Medicals S.A.,the exclusive distributor of Allergan products in Greece.Qualitis Ltd.,a contract research organization in Zografou,Greece,was responsible for data management in the study
文摘AIM：To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the fixed combination of bimatoprost 0.03%and timolol 0.5%（BTFC）in patients in Greece with primary open angle glaucoma（POAG）or ocular hypertension（OHT）whose previous therapy provided insufficient lowering of intraocular pressure（IOP）.·METHODS：A multicenter,prospective,open-label,non-interventional,observational study of the use of BTFC in clinical practice was conducted at 41 sites in Greece.The primary endpoint was the reduction in IOP from baseline at study end,approximately 12wk after initiation of BTFC therapy.·RESULTS：A total of 785 eligible patients were enrolled in the study and 97.6%completed the study.The mean±SD IOP reduction from baseline at 12wk after initiation of BTFC was 6.3±2.8 mm Hg（=764;〈0.001）.In patients（=680）who replaced their previous IOP-lowering monotherapy（a single drug,or a fixed combination of 2drugs in a single ophthalmic drop）with once-daily BTFC,the mean±SD IOP reduction from baseline at 12wk was 6.2±2.8 mm Hg（〈0.001）.IOP was reduced from baseline in 99.2%of patients,and 58.0%of patients reached or exceeded their target IOP.Substantial mean IOP reductions were observed regardless of the previous therapy.BTFC was well tolerated,with 96.0%of patients who completed the study rating the tolerability of BTFC as＂good＂or＂very good.＂Adverse events were reported in 8.3%of patients;only 0.6%of patients discontinued the study due to adverse events.·C ONCLUSION：In clinical practice in Greece,BTFC is well tolerated and effectively lower the IOP in patients with POAG or OHT who requires additional IOP lowering on their previous therapy.
文摘Objectives: To conduct a multi-national retrospective chart review with the purposes of assessing resource utilization, progression, and costs associated with treating glaucoma in Europe. Methods: Patient chart data was reviewed to assign patients to all stages of glaucoma progression. The Bascom Palmer Glaucoma Staging System (GSS) was selected, as most adaptable because
文摘Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of bimatoprost 0.03% (Lumigan) monotherapy in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension previously treated with timolol 0.5% gel-forming solution (Timoptic-XE) and latanoprost 0.005% (Xalatan) dual therapy. Methods: An open-label, multicenter e-valuation of 83 patients. Patients were assigned to dual therapy with latanoprost qPM and timolol gel-forming solu-
文摘BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Because patients with diabetes mellitus may visit their primary care physician reg-ularly but not their ophthalmologist, a retinal risk assessment in the primary care setting could improve the screening rate for diabetic retinopathy. An imaging system for use in the primary care setting to identify diabetic retinopathy requiring referral to an ophthalmologistwas evaluated. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a masked prospective study, images were obtained from 111 patients with diabetes mellitus using both the digital retinal imaging system and seven-field stereo color fundus photography. The ability to obtain gradable images and to identify diabetic retinal lesions was compared. RESULTS: Of all images, 85% of digital retinal imaging system images and 88% of seven-field images were gradable. Agreement based on “ no retinopathy” versus “ any retinopathy” was excellent (Kappa=0.96). Agreement based on “ microaneurysms or less retinopathy” versus “ retinal hemorrhages or worse retinopathy” was very good (Kappa=0.83). CONCLUSIONS: The agreement between the digital retinal imaging system and seven-field photography indicates that the digital retinal imaging system may be useful to screen for diabetic retinopathy.
文摘Purpose: To compare the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering efficacy of topically administered bimatoprost 0.03% with la-tanoprost 0.005% in patients with ocular hypertension (OHT) or glaucoma. Design: Multicenter, investigator-masked, 6-month randomized clinical trial. Methods: After washout of glaucoma medications, patients with OHT or glaucoma were randomly as-
文摘Bimatoprost is a novel ocular hypotensive agent and a synthetic prostamide analog. Pharmacological evaluation, involving functional and radioligand binding studies on recombinant and natural receptors, showed that bimatoprost acts through novel, prostamide sensitive receptors. The drug lacks meaningful interaction with known human receptors, including ocular drug tar-
文摘Purpose: Memantine, an uncompetitive NMDA receptor channel blocker has been used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and dementia. This study was done to evaluate the neu-roprotective effeet of memantine in different retinal ganglion cell (RGC) injury models in rats. Methods: Neuroprotective effect of memantine was tested in calibrated optic nerve
文摘Lumigan (Bimatoprost) is a synthetic prostamide analog with a pharmacology profile that is distinct from prostaglandins. Lumigan is also a potent and highly efficacious ocular hypotensive a-gent over a 0.001% - 0.1% dose range. To closely represent events that would occur in human subjects who receive Lumigan, two ocular distribution and metabolism studies on Lumigan
文摘AIM:To explore the global trends and focus of glaucoma research from 2009 to 2018.METHODS:Searching for glaucoma-related articles published in Science Citation Index Expanded(SCIE)database during 2009-2018,and describing the distribution of the published year,countries,authors,institutions,funding agencies,journals,impact factor,citation and hot research topic of articles by using bibliometric methods.Meanwhile,we compared some of these indicators over two five-year periods,from 2009 to 2013 and from 2014 to 2018.RESULTS:A total of 19609 glaucoma-related articles were retrieved and the global SCIE articles have increased yearly from 2009 to 2018.The USA was the pioneer which has made great contributions.China kept the second place and the number of publications has increased rapidly between 2014 and 2018.The author with the highest number of publications was Weinreb,RN.Co-occurrence maps were built amongst the top 50 authors or the top 50 institutions with the most articles,which visualize the closer collaboration of international authors or institutions.The journal Investigative Ophthalmology&Visual Science has published the most papers.Glaucoma literature with an impact factor of 3-5 points accounted for the largest proportion(28.96%).The most frequently cited paper had 798 citations.The top three hot areas on glaucoma were intraocular pressure,optical coherence tomography(OCT)and retinal ganglion cells.And trabecular meshwork,primary angle-closure glaucoma and Spectral-domain OCT have become new hot research topics in recent five years during 2014-2018.CONCLUSION:Bibliometric analysis is an effective method to describe the global literature on glaucoma.In a 10-year literature survey from 2009 to 2018,global glaucoma research has developed in a balanced manner,and the cooperation between various institutions and teams has become closer.Glaucoma-related pathogenesis research,imaging examinations of OCT and surgery therapy have attracted most attention.
文摘Background:Topical tazarotene has been shown to offer efficacy in amelioratin g multiple effects of photodamage. Objectives To evaluate the histological effec ts of tazarotene cream on photodamaged skin. Methods:In this multicentre, doubl e-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled study, 50 patients with photodamaged f acial skin (at least mild fine wrinkling and mottled hyperpigmentation, with at least one of these being moderate) were randomized to apply tazarotene 0.1%crea m or vehicle cream to their face, once daily for 24 weeks. Results:Blinded asse ssments showed that tazarotene was less likely than vehicle to be associated wit h an increase in keratinocytic and melanocytic atypia, and more likely than vehi cle to be associated with a reduction in atypia. Between-group comparisons in d istribution of change from baseline categories of severity were in favour of taz arotene (P=0.055 for keratinocytic atypia, P= 0.034 for melanocytic atypia, and P < 0.001 for the number of granular cell layers). Compared with vehicle, tazaro tene was associatedwithanincreaseinepidermalpolarity(P=0.008)and epidermalthickn ess(P=0.012),and a tendency for stratum corneum compaction,Tazarotene was also a ssociated with widened intercellular spaces (reported as epidermal oede ma) relative to vehicle (P < 0.001). Conclusions:Treatment of photodamaged sk in with tazarotene is associated with an amelioration of keratinocytic and melan ocytic atypia, an improvement in epidermal polarity, and an increase in epiderma l thickness.
文摘背景与目的单例病例报告和单例病例对照研究均已显示，乳房假体与间变性淋巴瘤激酶阴性的间变性大T细胞淋巴瘤（anaplastic large T—cell lymphoma，ALCL）之间有相关关系，但没有因果关系证据。ALCL是一种罕见的非霍奇金淋巴瘤。本文综述了已发表的证据，包括病例报告和流行病学研究。方法在PubMed数据库中，检索已报道的与乳房相关ALCL病例的文献，且文献语种为英文，检索词为“乳房假体”“淋巴瘤”“原发性T细胞乳腺淋巴瘤”“乳房假体和ALCL”。结果共纳入18篇文献，包括27例乳房置入假体后发生ALCL的病例。无论是否有乳房假体置入史，与乳房相关的ALCL均可能发生。在27例患者中，21例（78％）CD30间变性淋巴瘤激酶为阴性，表现为无痛的临床病程。报道中使用的乳房假体填充物包括盐水和硅胶；然而，多数报道没有报道假体类型和表面是光面还是毛面。肿瘤分期：Ⅰ期16例，Ⅱ期及以上7例，未报道4例。没有前瞻性流行病学研究报道乳房假体与ALCL之间具有相关性；然而，只有1项以荷兰女性为研究对象的单例病例对照研究报道了乳房置入假体患者发生ALCL的风险会增加，其估算的概率为百万分之一。结论许多研究已报道了乳房假体与ALCL之间具有相关关系，但没有因果关系的证据，还需要进一步地通过研究来证实这种相关关系。与乳房相关的ALCL发生率很低（无论是否有乳房假体置入史），其通常表现为无痛的临床病程，这一发现可能导致世界卫生组织修改淋巴瘤的命名；但是，也有研究报道了其临床表现具有侵袭性。ALCL的发生不限于某种特定类型的假体（临床问题／证据等级：风险，V）。
文摘Metabolic(dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)affects a third of the population and is a leading cause of liver-related death.Since no effective treatments exist,novel approaches to drug development are required.Unfortunately,outdated terminology and definitions of the disease are hampering efforts to develop new drugs and treatments.An international consensus panel has put forth an influential proposal for the disease to be renamed from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)to MAFLD,includ-ing a proposal for how the disease should be diagnosed.As allies with the many stakeholders in MAFLD care―including patients,patients’advocates,clinicians,researchers,nurse and allied health groups,regional societies,and others―we are aware of the negative consequences of the NAFLD term and definition.We share the sense of urgency for change and will act in new ways to achieve our goals.Although there is much work to be done to overcome clinical inertia and reverse worrisome recent trends,the MAFLD initiative provides a firm foundation to build on.It provides a roadmap for moving for-ward toward more efficient care and affordable,sustainable drug and device innovation in MAFLD care.We hope it will bring promising new opportunities for a brighter future for MAFLD care and improve care and outcomes for patients of one of the globe’s largest and costliest public health burdens.From this viewpoint,we have revisited this initiative through the perspectives of drug development and regulatory science.
