Central Asian Economies(CAEs)have diverse exchange rate policies.They have recorded higher volatility in the foreign exchange market since inception.High volatility of the transition era has drifted these economies to...Central Asian Economies(CAEs)have diverse exchange rate policies.They have recorded higher volatility in the foreign exchange market since inception.High volatility of the transition era has drifted these economies towards partial dollarization.Monetary authorities in CAEs,(already have a challenge of maintaining monetary policy autonomy)have a gigantic task of price stability and stopping the spread of dollarization.This study is directed towards assessing the drivers and the determinants of foreign exchange market pressure in CAEs.The results,based on panel data analysis and the System GMM model,have provided useful insights about the exchange market pressure determinants particularly USD,Euro,Ruble,and Renminbi.The results show that China and Russia exchange market pressure has a negative effect on the exchange market pressure of CAEs.While the dollar index shows a positive impact on the exchange market pressure of CAEs.Overall,the findings imply that China and Russia currency appreciation results in a trade deficit across CAEs.The policy implication suggests that the floating exchange rate regime(inflation targeting regime)is not in favor of CAEs,and they must use managed-float to reduce their trade deficits.展开更多
This paper discusses review of literature of open shop scheduling problems. First, the problem is classified as per different measures of performance, viz., minimization of makespan, minimization of sum of completion ...This paper discusses review of literature of open shop scheduling problems. First, the problem is classified as per different measures of performance, viz., minimization of makespan, minimization of sum of completion times of jobs, minimization of sum of weighted completion times of all jobs, minimization of total tardiness of all jobs, minimization of sum of weighted tardiness of all jobs, minimization of weighted sum of tardy jobs, and miscellaneous measures of the open shop scheduling problem. In each category, the literature is further classified based on approaches used and then the contributions of researchers in the respective categories are presented. Directions for future research are discussed in the end.展开更多
文摘Central Asian Economies(CAEs)have diverse exchange rate policies.They have recorded higher volatility in the foreign exchange market since inception.High volatility of the transition era has drifted these economies towards partial dollarization.Monetary authorities in CAEs,(already have a challenge of maintaining monetary policy autonomy)have a gigantic task of price stability and stopping the spread of dollarization.This study is directed towards assessing the drivers and the determinants of foreign exchange market pressure in CAEs.The results,based on panel data analysis and the System GMM model,have provided useful insights about the exchange market pressure determinants particularly USD,Euro,Ruble,and Renminbi.The results show that China and Russia exchange market pressure has a negative effect on the exchange market pressure of CAEs.While the dollar index shows a positive impact on the exchange market pressure of CAEs.Overall,the findings imply that China and Russia currency appreciation results in a trade deficit across CAEs.The policy implication suggests that the floating exchange rate regime(inflation targeting regime)is not in favor of CAEs,and they must use managed-float to reduce their trade deficits.
文摘This paper discusses review of literature of open shop scheduling problems. First, the problem is classified as per different measures of performance, viz., minimization of makespan, minimization of sum of completion times of jobs, minimization of sum of weighted completion times of all jobs, minimization of total tardiness of all jobs, minimization of sum of weighted tardiness of all jobs, minimization of weighted sum of tardy jobs, and miscellaneous measures of the open shop scheduling problem. In each category, the literature is further classified based on approaches used and then the contributions of researchers in the respective categories are presented. Directions for future research are discussed in the end.
