Modeling and targeting an essential metabolic pathway of Plasmodium falciparum in apicoplast using Petri nets

Petri net(PN) is one of the promising computational and mathematical formalisms used to represent and study the behavior of complex metabolic networks. The various available analysis techniques of PN could be used to validate and analyze the network in different scenarios. Plasmodium falciparum is one of the threatening parasites which causes malaria, a deadly disease affecting a large number of today’s world population. The development of antimalarial drug resistance is an emerging global threat, highlighting the need to discover novel antimalarial targets. The fatty acid biosynthesis of malarial parasite is one of the essential metabolic pathways required for its growth and is present in apicoplast, a non-photosynthetic plastid. The malarial parasite obtains fatty acids by using type two fatty acid synthase(FAS II) enzyme,which is different from type one enzyme used by human host, making it an ideal drug target.This article proposes and studies the PN model of the parasite’s FAS II pathway to analyze the mechanism of potential drug targets in this pathway. The proposed PN model can serve as a base for further findings in the field of antimalarial drug targets to decrease the malaria mortality rate.

Solution of Modified Bergman Minimal Blood Glucose-Insulin Model Using Caputo-Fabrizio Fractional Derivative

Diabetes is a burning issue in the whole world.It is the imbalance between body glucose and insulin.The study of this imbalance is very much needed from a research point of view.For this reason,Bergman gave an important model named-Bergman minimalmodel.In the present work,using Caputo-Fabrizio(CF)fractional derivative,we generalize Bergman’s minimal blood glucose-insulin model.Further,we modify the old model by including one more component known as diet D(t),which is also essential for the blood glucose model.We solve the modified modelwith the help of Sumudu transformand fixed-point iteration procedures.Also,using the fixed point theorem,we examine the existence and uniqueness of the results along with their numerical and graphical representation.Furthermore,the comparison between the values of parameters obtained by calculating different values of t with experimental data is also studied.Finally,we draw the graphs of G(t),X(t),I(t),andD(t)for different values ofτ.It is also clear from the obtained results and their graphical representation that the obtained results of modified Bergman’s minimal model are better than Bergman’s model.

Human-like stereo sensors using plasmonic antenna embedded MZI with space–time modulation control[Invited]

A micro stereo sensor system is proposed for human sensors,where eyes,ears,tongue,nose,body,and brain are applied by six panda rings embedded in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer(MZI).The input power is applied to the upper branch of MZI and propagates within the system.The six antennas(sensors)are formed by the whispering gallery modes of the panda rings.The space–time modulation signal is applied to the MZI lower branch.The modulated stereo signals can be configured as the plasmon(electron)spin orientations,which can be identified and applied for quantum codes and quantum consciousness.

Cloud point extraction coupled with back extraction: a green methodology in analytical chemistry

Recently, cloud point extraction (CPE) coupled with back extraction (BE) has been suggestedas a promising alternative to liquid-liquid extraction. In CPE, non-ionic surfactants in aqueoussolutions form micelles and the solution becomes turbid when heated to the cloud pointtemperature. Microwave- or ultrasonic-assisted BE can be performed after CPE and beforeinjection of the sample for instrumental analysis by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. This article reviews selected publishedscientific research on the application of CPE-BE to the determination of alkaloids, drugs andorganophosphorus compounds from several complex matrices. This method could bescaled-up for use in forensic science.

Enhanced photoluminescence from CdS nanocrystals encapsulated by PVP and SHMP

The effects of the stabilizing agent on the structural and luminescence properties of cadmium sulfide(CdS)nanocrystals have been investigated.Samples were prepared by chemical precipitation method using sodium hexametaphosphate(SHMP)and polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP).The structural and optical properties have been studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD),ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)absorption,photoluminescence(PL)and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy.XRD patterns confirm the presence of cubic zinc blend crystal structure with space group F-43m.The results show the variation in crystallite size with change in surfactant.Blue shift in absorption edge as compared to bulk CdS is found.PL results represent broad and very intense red emission with smaller particle size due to modification of surface emitting states with surfactant.

Rabi antenna using microstrip add-drop multiplexer for electron warp speed investigation

This work presents experimental results of Rabi antenna characteristics using the coupled line microstrip circuit.It was constructed by a modified coupled line microstrip four-port network,which is known as an add-drop multiplexer.The driven AC input enters the device via an input port using the suitable frequency and coupled line microstrip ring radius.The multilevel system is generated by a wave-particle aspect before the two-level system is achieved.At the resonance,the transitions of the states induce the energy called whispering gallery mode(WGM)at the circuit center,which is the squeezed energy.The generated electron oscillation within the WGM envelope oscillated by the frequency is known as the Rabi frequency.By the successive filtering with continuous AC input via the selected port,the electron cloud warp speed can be generated and achieved inside the two-level transition.The constructed microstrip ring radius is 25 mm,and the experimental results of the Rabi antenna characteristics are in good agreement with the simulation results.The obtained resonant antenna oscillation frequency is 2.103 GHz.The electron cloud warp speed of 1.100c and time dilation of 0.006μs are obtained.