Emerging roles of microRNAs as diagnostics and potential therapeutic interest in type 2 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a metabolic disease of impaired glucose utilization.Uncontrolled high sugar levels lead to advanced glycation end products(AGEs),which affects several metabolic pathways by its receptor of advanced glycation end products(RAGE)and causes diabetic complication.MiRNAs are small RNA molecules which regulate genes linked to diabetes and affect AGEs pathogenesis,and target tissues,influencing health and disease processes.AIM To explore miRNA roles in T2DM's metabolic pathways for potential therapeutic and diagnostic advancements in diabetes complications.METHODS We systematically searched the electronic database PubMed using keywords.We included free,full-length research articles that evaluate the role of miRNAs in T2DM and its complications,focusing on genetic and molecular disease mechanisms.After assessing the full-length papers of the shortlisted articles,we included 12 research articles.RESULTS Several types of miRNAs are linked in metabolic pathways which are affected by AGE/RAGE axis in T2DM and its complications.miR-96-5p,miR-7-5p,miR-132,has_circ_0071106,miR-143,miR-21,miR-145-5p,and more are associated with various aspects of T2DM,including disease risk,diagnostic markers,complications,and gene regulation.CONCLUSION Targeting the AGE/RAGE axis,with a focus on miRNA regulation,holds promise for managing T2DM and its complications.MiRNAs have therapeutic potential as they can influence the metabolic pathways affected by AGEs and RAGE,potentially reducing inflammation,oxidative stress,and vascular complications.Additionally,miRNAs may serve as early diagnostic biomarkers for T2DM.Further research in this area may lead to innovative therapeutic strategies for diabetes and its associated complications.

Natural product-based treatment potential for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes(T2D)is a metabolic disease of impaired glucose utilization and a major cause of cardiovascular disease(CVD).The pathogenesis of both diseases shares common risk factors and mechanisms,and both are significant contributors to global morbidity and mortality.Supplements of natural products for T2D mellitus(T2DM)and CVD can be seen as a potential preventive and effective therapeutic strategy.AIM To critically evaluate the therapeutic potential of natural products in T2D and coronary artery disease(CAD).METHODS By using specific keywords,we strategically searched the PubMed database.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)were searched as the primary focus that examined the effect of natural products on glycemic control,oxidative stress,and antioxidant levels.We focused on outcomes such as low blood glucose levels,adjustment on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidants.After screening fulllength papers,we included 9 RCTs in our review that met our inclusion criteria.RESULTS In the literature search on the database,we found that various natural products like plant secondary metabolites play a diverse role in the management of CAD.American ginseng,sesame oil and cocoa flavanols proved effective in lowering blood glucose levels and controlling blood pressure,which are key factors in managing T2DM and CVD.In diabetic patients Melissa officinalis effectively reduce inflammation and shows diabetes prevention.Both fish oil and flaxseed oil reduced insulin levels and inflammatory markers,suggesting benefits for both conditions.The lipid profile and endothelial function were enhanced by Nigella sativa oil and Terminalia chebula,which is significant for the management of cardiovascular risk factors in T2DM.Additionally Bilberry extract also showed promise for improving glycemic control in patients with T2DM.CONCLUSION The high level of antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-angiogenic properties found in natural products makes them promising therapeutic options for the management of CAD,with the potential benefit of lowering the risk of CAD.

Insights on antioxidant therapeutic strategies in type 2 diabetes mellitus:A narrative review of randomized control trials

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a metabolic disease of impaired glucose utilization.Imbalance in generation and elimination of free radicals generate oxidative stress which modulates glucose metabolism and insulin regulation,resulting in the occurrence and progression of diabetes and associated complications.Antioxidant supplements in T2DM can be seen as a potential preventive and effective therapeutic strategy.AIM To compare randomized controlled trials(RCTs)in which antioxidants have been shown to have a therapeutic effect in T2DM patients.METHODS We systematically searched the electronic database PubMed by keywords.RCTs evaluating the effect of antioxidant therapy on glycaemic control as well as oxidant and antioxidant status as primary outcomes were included.The outcomes considered were:A reduction in blood glucose;changes in oxidative stress and antioxidant markers.Full-length papers of the shortlisted articles were assessed for the eligibility criteria and 17 RCTs were included.RESULTS The administration of fixed-dose antioxidants significantly reduces fasting blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin and is associated with decreased malondialdehyde,advanced oxidation protein products,and increased total antioxidant capacity.CONCLUSION Antioxidant supplements can be a beneficial approach for the treatment of T2DM.

Solution of Modified Bergman Minimal Blood Glucose-Insulin Model Using Caputo-Fabrizio Fractional Derivative

Diabetes is a burning issue in the whole world.It is the imbalance between body glucose and insulin.The study of this imbalance is very much needed from a research point of view.For this reason,Bergman gave an important model named-Bergman minimalmodel.In the present work,using Caputo-Fabrizio(CF)fractional derivative,we generalize Bergman’s minimal blood glucose-insulin model.Further,we modify the old model by including one more component known as diet D(t),which is also essential for the blood glucose model.We solve the modified modelwith the help of Sumudu transformand fixed-point iteration procedures.Also,using the fixed point theorem,we examine the existence and uniqueness of the results along with their numerical and graphical representation.Furthermore,the comparison between the values of parameters obtained by calculating different values of t with experimental data is also studied.Finally,we draw the graphs of G(t),X(t),I(t),andD(t)for different values ofτ.It is also clear from the obtained results and their graphical representation that the obtained results of modified Bergman’s minimal model are better than Bergman’s model.

Utilization of Crop Stubble as Alternate Source of Electricity Generation

The Indian states including Punjab,Haryana,Bihar,Uttar Pradesh,Madhya Pradesh,and Himachal Pradesh follow combine harvesting method followed by burning of crop stubble to prepare the fields for next crop.Crop stubble burning is the reason of annual increment in pollution concentrations which lead to massive winter pollution in the region.However,the state governments have taken several initiatives for proper management of crop stubble through various departments and institutions but still air pollution level is increasing.Instead of burning the crop residue,it can be used in other ways,which are beneficial to humanity.In the direction of rising issues due to burning of the crop stubble,efforts have been carried out to explore the options to utilize the crop stubble rather than burning of it.Present experimental study is an attempt to outline alternative use of crop stubble like utilization of rice straw for electricity generation through microbial fuel cell.In 10 days experimental set up,the MFC produced the maximum voltage of 0.002 V corresponding to the maximum current of 2.5 mA which results in power output of 0.05 mW.The experiments'results of the study accentuate the significance of biomass by utilizing the rice paddy straw for generating the electricity by means of microbial fuel cells.The electricity generated through crop stubble can be used as a sustainable source of energy in the remote areas.It is also focused on suggesting policies to the government so that air pollution can be minimized in affected areas.

RECENT PROGRESS IN STORM SURGE FORECASTING

This report briefly summarizes recent progress in storm surge forecasts, one of topics discussed during the fourth International Workshop on Tropical Cyclone Landfall Process(IWTCLP 4) held during 5-8 December, 2017. In the workshop, improvement of storm surge forecasting system was mainly discussed with relevance to the problem of estimating the impacts of tropical cyclone landfall.To deal with storm surges, accurate TC condition(predictions and forecasts) as input, reasonable storm surge predictions(with forecasting systems), and effective advisories/warnings(i.e. useful information products) are necessary. Therefore, we need to improve storm surge related matters systematically: input, prediction system, and ef fective information.This report tries to highlight recent progress in the field of storm surges in relation to three key points: improvement in storm surge forecasting models/system, TC conditions as input for storm surge predictions, and informative products for end users.

Human-like stereo sensors using plasmonic antenna embedded MZI with space–time modulation control[Invited]

A micro stereo sensor system is proposed for human sensors,where eyes,ears,tongue,nose,body,and brain are applied by six panda rings embedded in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer(MZI).The input power is applied to the upper branch of MZI and propagates within the system.The six antennas(sensors)are formed by the whispering gallery modes of the panda rings.The space–time modulation signal is applied to the MZI lower branch.The modulated stereo signals can be configured as the plasmon(electron)spin orientations,which can be identified and applied for quantum codes and quantum consciousness.

Analysis and Predictions of Spread, Recovery, and Death Caused by COVID-19 in India

The novel coronavirus outbreak was first reported in late December 2019 and more than 7 million people were infected with this disease and over 0.40 million worldwide lost their lives. The first case was diagnosed on30 January 2020 in India and the figure crossed 0.24 million as of 6 June 2020. This paper presents a detailed study of recently developed forecasting models and predicts the number of confirmed, recovered, and death cases in India caused by COVID-19. The correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression applied for prediction and autocorrelation and autoregression have been used to improve the accuracy. The predicted number of cases shows a good agreement with 0.9992 R-squared score to the actual values. The finding suggests that lockdown and social distancing are two important factors that can help to suppress the increasing spread rate of COVID-19.

Rabi antenna using microstrip add-drop multiplexer for electron warp speed investigation

This work presents experimental results of Rabi antenna characteristics using the coupled line microstrip circuit.It was constructed by a modified coupled line microstrip four-port network,which is known as an add-drop multiplexer.The driven AC input enters the device via an input port using the suitable frequency and coupled line microstrip ring radius.The multilevel system is generated by a wave-particle aspect before the two-level system is achieved.At the resonance,the transitions of the states induce the energy called whispering gallery mode(WGM)at the circuit center,which is the squeezed energy.The generated electron oscillation within the WGM envelope oscillated by the frequency is known as the Rabi frequency.By the successive filtering with continuous AC input via the selected port,the electron cloud warp speed can be generated and achieved inside the two-level transition.The constructed microstrip ring radius is 25 mm,and the experimental results of the Rabi antenna characteristics are in good agreement with the simulation results.The obtained resonant antenna oscillation frequency is 2.103 GHz.The electron cloud warp speed of 1.100c and time dilation of 0.006μs are obtained.