The non-edible camphor tree seed oil was extracted and catalyzed by immobilized lipase for biodiesel production. The oil yield from camphor tree seeds reached 35.2% of seed weight by twice microwave-assisted extractio...The non-edible camphor tree seed oil was extracted and catalyzed by immobilized lipase for biodiesel production. The oil yield from camphor tree seeds reached 35.2% of seed weight by twice microwave-assisted extractions. Gas chromatography showed that free fatty acid content in camphor tree seed oil was 1.88%, and the main fatty acids were capric acid(53.4%) and lauric acid(38.7%). With immobilized lipase Candida sp. 99–125as catalyst, several important factors for reaction conditions were examined through orthogonal experiments.The optimum conditions were obtained: water content and enzyme loading were both 15% with a molar ratio of 1:3.5(oil/ethanol), and the process of alcoholysis was in nine steps at 40 °C for 24 h, with agitation at170 r·min-1. As a result, the medium-chain biodiesel yield was 93.5%. The immobilized lipase was stable when it was used repeatedly for 210 h.展开更多
Developing bifunctional electrocatalysts with improved efficiency and stability in overall water splitting is of extreme importance for renewable energy utilization.In this work,an in situ N doping strategy was demons...Developing bifunctional electrocatalysts with improved efficiency and stability in overall water splitting is of extreme importance for renewable energy utilization.In this work,an in situ N doping strategy was demonstrate to boost the efficiency and stability of nickel molybdenum sulfide both in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction.Experimental and theoretical results indicate that such modification offers enriched active sites for electrochemical reaction,and further increases the kinetic driven force of water electrolysis.As a result,the N–NiMoS electrode exhibits a remarkably improved performance with rather low potential of 1.54 V to offer a current density of 10 mA cm;for overall water splitting,which is 130 mV decrease than that of pristine one.In addition,impressive electrochemical stability also reveals a 76.6%preservation of initial current density after 100 h test,which is superior than that of pristine one after 25 h test.Therefore,the potential to enhance the performance of electrocatalysts by as-proposed route promises a valuable way to develop efficient catalysts with enhanced property for electrochemical applications.展开更多
基金Supported by Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the 12th Five-year Plan Period(2011BAD22B04)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 program)(2011CB710800,2011CB200905,2009CB724703)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21076017)the National High-Tech R & D Program of China(863 Program)(2012AA021404,2012AA021402)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZY1331)
文摘The non-edible camphor tree seed oil was extracted and catalyzed by immobilized lipase for biodiesel production. The oil yield from camphor tree seeds reached 35.2% of seed weight by twice microwave-assisted extractions. Gas chromatography showed that free fatty acid content in camphor tree seed oil was 1.88%, and the main fatty acids were capric acid(53.4%) and lauric acid(38.7%). With immobilized lipase Candida sp. 99–125as catalyst, several important factors for reaction conditions were examined through orthogonal experiments.The optimum conditions were obtained: water content and enzyme loading were both 15% with a molar ratio of 1:3.5(oil/ethanol), and the process of alcoholysis was in nine steps at 40 °C for 24 h, with agitation at170 r·min-1. As a result, the medium-chain biodiesel yield was 93.5%. The immobilized lipase was stable when it was used repeatedly for 210 h.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research Program(No.2016YFD0400601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91634118 and 11575228)
文摘Developing bifunctional electrocatalysts with improved efficiency and stability in overall water splitting is of extreme importance for renewable energy utilization.In this work,an in situ N doping strategy was demonstrate to boost the efficiency and stability of nickel molybdenum sulfide both in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction.Experimental and theoretical results indicate that such modification offers enriched active sites for electrochemical reaction,and further increases the kinetic driven force of water electrolysis.As a result,the N–NiMoS electrode exhibits a remarkably improved performance with rather low potential of 1.54 V to offer a current density of 10 mA cm;for overall water splitting,which is 130 mV decrease than that of pristine one.In addition,impressive electrochemical stability also reveals a 76.6%preservation of initial current density after 100 h test,which is superior than that of pristine one after 25 h test.Therefore,the potential to enhance the performance of electrocatalysts by as-proposed route promises a valuable way to develop efficient catalysts with enhanced property for electrochemical applications.
