Interfacial Electronic Modulation of Dual-Monodispersed Pt–Ni_(3)S_(2) as Efficacious Bi-Functional Electrocatalysts for Concurrent H_(2) Evolution and Methanol Selective Oxidation

Constructing the efficacious and applicable bifunctional electrocatalysts and establishing out the mechanisms of organic electro-oxidation by replacing anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER) are critical to the development of electrochemicallydriven technologies for efficient hydrogen production and avoid CO_(2) emission. Herein, the hetero-nanocrystals between monodispersed Pt(~ 2 nm) and Ni_(3)S_(2)(~ 9.6 nm) are constructed as active electrocatalysts through interfacial electronic modulation, which exhibit superior bi-functional activities for methanol selective oxidation and H_(2) generation. The experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the asymmetrical charge distribution at Pt–Ni_(3)S_(2) could be modulated by the electronic interaction at the interface of dual-monodispersed heterojunctions, which thus promote the adsorption/desorption of the chemical intermediates at the interface. As a result, the selective conversion from CH_(3)OH to formate is accomplished at very low potentials(1.45 V) to attain 100 m A cm^(-2) with high electronic utilization rate(~ 98%) and without CO_(2) emission. Meanwhile, the Pt–Ni_(3)S_(2) can simultaneously exhibit a broad potential window with outstanding stability and large current densities for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) at the cathode. Further, the excellent bi-functional performance is also indicated in the coupled methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)//HER reactor by only requiring a cell voltage of 1.60 V to achieve a current density of 50 m A cm^(-2) with good reusability.

Targeted regeneration and upcycling of spent graphite by defect‐driven tin nucleation

The recycling of spent batteries has become increasingly important owing to their wide applications,abundant raw material supply,and sustainable development.Compared with the degraded cathode,spent anode graphite often has a relatively intact structure with few defects after long cycling.Yet,most spent graphite is simply burned or discarded due to its limited value and inferior performance on using conventional recycling methods that are complex,have low efficiency,and fail in performance restoration.Herein,we propose a fast,efficient,and“intelligent”strategy to regenerate and upcycle spent graphite based on defect‐driven targeted remediation.Using Sn as a nanoscale healant,we used rapid heating(~50 ms)to enable dynamic Sn droplets to automatically nucleate around the surface defects on the graphite upon cooling owing to strong binding to the defects(~5.84 eV/atom),thus simultaneously achieving Sn dispersion and graphite remediation.As a result,the regenerated graphite showed enhanced capacity and cycle stability(458.9 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 A g^(−1) after 100 cycles),superior to those of commercial graphite.Benefiting from the self‐adaption of Sn dispersion,spent graphite with different degrees of defects can be regenerated to similar structures and performance.EverBatt analysis indicates that targeted regeneration and upcycling have significantly lower energy consumption(~99%reduction)and near‐zero CO2 emission,and yield much higher profit than hydrometallurgy,which opens a new avenue for direct upcycling of spend graphite in an efficient,green,and profitable manner for sustainable battery manufacture.

2021-2022年蒙古标准化发展分析:基于获批标准涉及领域的统计

Mongolia,a key partner in the Belt and Road Initiative,is fully dedicated to fostering regional cooperation and connectivity.Standardization has emerged as a vital field with far-reaching influence for regional trade cooperation.This paper makes an in-depth analysis of the standards approved in Mongolia in 2021 and 2022,offering a fresh perspective of the past two years’standardization development in the country.The primary objective is to present an updated account of Mongolia’s standardization efforts and to facilitate regional cooperation and exchange in standardization.

Toward a comprehensive hypothesis of oxygen-evolution reaction in the presence of iron and gold

This study investigates the effects of Fe on the oxygen-evolution reaction(OER)in the presence of Au.Two distinct areas of OER were identified:the first associated with Fe sites at low overpotential(~330 mV),and the second with Au sites at high overpotential(~870 mV).Various factors such as surface Fe concentration,electrochemical method,scan rate,potential range,concentration,method of adding K_(2)Fe O_(4),nature of Fe,and temperature were varied to observe diverse behaviors during OER for Fe O_(x)H_(y)/Au.Trace amounts of Fe ions had a significant impact on OER,reaching a saturation point where the activity did not increase further.Strong electronic interaction between Fe and Au ions was indicated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)analyses.In situ visible spectroscopy confirmed the formation of Fe O_(4)^(2-)during OER.In situ Mossbauer and surfaceenhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)analyses suggest the involvement of Fe-based species as intermediates during the rate-determining step of OER.A lattice OER mechanism based on Fe O_(x)H_(y)was proposed for operation at low overpotentials.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed that Fe oxide,Fe-oxide clusters,and Fe doping on the Au foil exhibited different activities and stabilities during OER.The study provides insights into the interplay between Fe and Au in OER,advancing the understanding of OER mechanisms and offering implications for the design of efficient electrocatalytic systems.

Large-scale molecular characterization and analysis of gastric cancer

The recent effort by The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)Network has revealed that gastric cancer,which is a leading cause of cancerrelated deaths worldwide with a 5-year survival rate less than 25%,is a much more heterogeneous disease than previously thought.And yet,conventional treatment approaches and clinical trials have assumed it is a single disease.

Cytological and Proteomic Analysis of Ginkgo biloba Pollen Intine

The pollen intine plays important roles in pollen germination and tube growth,but related information in Ginkgo biloba remains unclear.We isolated and obtained de-exined pollen from G.biloba.Using fluorescent probes,we observed the strongest cellulose fluorescence in the pollen intine.De-esterified pectin immunolabeled with JIM5 was present throughout the entire cell wall,whereas esterified pectin recognized by the monoclonal antibody JIM7 was concentrated in some regions.Callose staining with aniline blue was observed across the entire surface of the pollen intine.These results were confirmed by Fourier Transform InfraRed(FTIR)analysis.We also used proteomic approaches to identify different proteins between mature and de-exined pollen(48h after hydration)in vitro.Based on mass spectrometry,de-exined pollen had more proteins than mature pollen,including calmodulin,serine hydroxymethyltransferase,β-galactosidase 6,and class IV chitinase.According to Gene Ontology(GO)analysis,the differentially expressed proteins were mainly associated with transportation,defense reaction,sugar metabolism,energy metabolism,signal transduction,and cell wall formation.These findings suggest that most proteins involved in pollen germination and pollen tube growth are synthesized during pollen hydration,indicating the important role of pollen hydration in the reproductive process of G.Biloba.

Determination of selectivity of HPLC systems by correspondence factor analysis

Correspondence factor analysis （CFA） was employed to study the selectivity of 14 HPLC systems. The tested LC systems were classified as reversed-phase （RP）, ion-exchange （IE） and hydrophilic interaction chromatography （HILIC） modes. It was found that the retentions of the hydrophilic solutes on HILIC column were significantly influenced by the second-order effects besides their hydrophilic properties. Organic modifiers and residue silanol groups on silica surface both participated in retention. HypersilTM amino column performed separation in the HILIC mode at appropriate conditions, and its retention mechanism was more similar to that of HILIC silica column than that of HILIC column coating poly（aspartamide） groups.

A novel integrated non-targeted metabolomic analysis reveals significant metabolite variations between different lettuce (Lactuca sativa. L) varieties

Lettuce is an important leafy vegetable that represents a significant dietary source of antioxidants and bioactive compounds.However,the levels of metabolites in different lettuce cultivars are poorly characterized.In this study,we used combined GC×GC-TOF/MS and UPLC-IMS-QTOF/MS to detect and relatively quantify metabolites in 30 lettuce cultivars representing large genetic diversity.Comparison with online databases,the published literature,standards as well using collision cross-section values enabled putative identification of 171 metabolites.Sixteen of these 171 metabolites(including phenolic acid derivatives,glycosylated flavonoids,and one iridoid)were present at significantly different levels in leaf and head type lettuces,which suggested the significant metabolomic variations between the leaf and head types of lettuce are related to secondary metabolism.A combination of the results and metabolic network analysis techniques suggested that leaf and head type lettuces contain not only different levels of metabolites but also have significant variations in the corresponding associated metabolic networks.The novel lettuce metabolite library and novel non-targeted metabolomics strategy devised in this study could be used to further characterize metabolic variations between lettuce cultivars or other plants.Moreover,the findings of this study provide important insight into metabolic adaptations due to natural and human selection,which could stimulate further research to potentially improve lettuce quality,yield,and nutritional value.

GC-MS analysis of off-odor volatiles from irradiated pork

The main compounds of off-odor volatiles from irradiated refrigerated vacuum-packaged pork were ana- lyzed by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC-MS).The analytical results showed that the main compounds of off-odor volatiles were dimethyl disulfide,dimethyl sulfide,dimethyl trisulfide,S-methyl thioacetate,and methanethiol.It was proved that the off-odor volatile came from irradiated S-containing amino acid and thiamin.

Analysis software for upper atmospheric data developed by the IUGONET project and its application to polar science

To comprehensively understand the Arctic and Antarctic upper atmosphere, it is often crucial to analyze various data that are obtained from many regions. Infrastructure that promotes such interdisciplinary studies on the upper atmosphere has been developed by a Japanese inter-university project called the Inter-university Upper atmosphere Global Observation Network （1UGONET）. The objective of this paper is to describe the infrastructure and tools developed by IUGONET. We focus on the data analysis software. It is written in Interactive Data Language （IDL） and is a plug-in for the THEMIS Data Analysis Software suite （TDAS）, which is a set of IDL libraries used to visualize and analyze satellite- and ground-based data. We present plots of upper atmospheric data provided by IUGONET as examples of applications, and verify the usefulness of the software in the study of polar science. We discuss IUGONET＇s new and unique developments, i.e., an executable file of TDAS that can run on the IDL Virtual Machine, IDL routines to retrieve metadata from the IUGONET database, and an archive of 3-D simulation data that uses the Common Data Format so that it can easily be used with TDAS.

ANALYSIS OF Cu, Cd, Co AND Ni IN SURFACE WATER OF THE KUROSHIO AREA IN THE EAST CHINA SEA

Study of 1986 and 1987 heavy metal distribution in surface water of the Kuroshio area in the East China Sea showed regional and slight seasonal variations in distribution and concentration . Heavy metal levels in Taiwan Strait, the sea area north of Taiwan and the continental shelf are higher than those in the main axis of the Kuroshio . Dissolved Cu in summer and winter decreases with the increase of salinity , but dissolved Cd has no obvious change with salinity .

Analysis of carbon and oxygen stable isotopes in carbonate rocks by the laser micro-sampling technique

The analysis of stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen in different carbonate rocks by the phosphoric acid method is not easier than that by the laser sampling method developed in recent years, which optically focuses laser beams with sufficient energy on a micro area of a thin section in a vacuum sample box via microscope. CO 2 produced by heating decomposition of carbonate was purified by the vacuum system, and the stable isotopic values of carbon and oxygen were calculated and analyzed on a mass spectrometer. This paper adopted the laser micro-sampling technique to analyze the stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen in dolomite, carbonate cement, stromatolite and different forms of dawsonite (donbassite). Results indicated that the laser micro-sampling method is effective in analyzing carbonate composition and could be a convincing proof for justification on carbonate composition analysis.

A preliminary analysis of the Shangri-La Bolide on 2017 Oct 4

At 12:07 UT(8:07 pm China Standard Time)on 2017 Oct 4,a bright bolide was widely observed in the Shangri-La region of the Province of Yunnan,China(Figure 1).The event was well observed by the general public as it took place on the night of the Mid Autumn Festival,which is associated with moon gazing.Sonic booms and ground shaking were reported in an area of about a thousand square kilometers northwest of Shangri-La City.Data from U.S.government sensors suggests that the impact energy of the event was approximately 0.54 kt TNT equivalent,with the terminus of the bolide positioned at 28.1°N,99.4°E.This is the largest observed bolide event over land since the bolide event that took place in Mauritania on 2016 Jun 27(1.2 kt).

Bullet-like vanadium-based MOFs as a highly active catalyst for promoting the hydrogen storage property in MgH_(2)

The practical application of magnesium hydride(MgH_(2))was seriously limited by its high desorption temperature and slow desorp-tion kinetics.In this study,a bullet-like catalyst based on vanadium related MOFs(MOFs-V)was successfully synthesized and doped with MgH_(2) by ball milling to improve its hydrogen storage performance.Microstructure analysis demonstrated that the as-synthesized MOFs was consisted of V_(2)O_(3) with a bullet-like structure.After adding 7wt%MOFs-V,the initial desorption temperature of MgH_(2) was reduced from 340.0 to 190.6℃.Besides,the MgH_(2)+7wt%MOFs-V composite released 6.4wt%H_(2) within 5 min at 300℃.Hydrogen uptake was started at 60℃under 3200 kPa hydrogen pressure for the 7wt%MOFs-V containing sample.The desorption and absorption apparent activity energies of the MgH_(2)+7wt%MOFs-V composite were calculated to be(98.4±2.9)and(30.3±2.1)kJ·mol^(-1),much lower than(157.5±3.3)and(78.2±3.4)kJ·mol^(−1) for the as-prepared MgH_(2).The MgH_(2)+7wt%MOFs-V composite exhibited superior cyclic property.During the 20 cycles isothermal dehydrogenation and hydrogenation experiments,the hydrogen storage capacity stayed almost unchanged.X-ray diffraction(XRD)and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer(XPS)measurements confirmed the presence of metallic vanadium in the MgH_(2)+7wt%MOFs-V composite,which served as catalytic unit to markedly improve the hydrogen storage properties of Mg/MgH_(2) system.

Nanostructuring of Mg-Based Hydrogen Storage Materials:Recent Advances for Promoting Key Applications

With the depletion of fossil fuels and global warming,there is an urgent demand to seek green,low-cost,and high-efficiency energy resources.Hydrogen has been considered as a potential candidate to replace fossil fuels,due to its high gravimetric energy density(142 MJ kg^(-1)),high abundance(H_(2)O),and environmentalfriendliness.However,due to its low volume density,effective and safe hydrogen storage techniques are now becoming the bottleneck for the"hydrogen economy".Under such a circumstance,Mg-based hydrogen storage materials garnered tremendous interests due to their high hydrogen storage capacity(~7.6 wt%for MgH_(2)),low cost,and excellent reversibility.However,the high thermodynamic stability(ΔH=-74.7 kJ mol^(-1)H_(2))and sluggish kinetics result in a relatively high desorption temperature(>300℃),which severely restricts widespread applications of MgH_(2).Nano-structuring has been proven to be an effective strategy that can simultaneously enhance the ab/de-sorption thermodynamic and kinetic properties of MgH_(2),possibly meeting the demand for rapid hydrogen desorption,economic viability,and effective thermal management in practical applications.Herein,the fundamental theories,recent advances,and practical applications of the nanostructured Mg-based hydrogen storage materials are discussed.The synthetic strategies are classified into four categories:free-standing nano-sized Mg/MgH_(2)through electrochemical/vapor-transport/ultrasonic methods,nanostructured Mg-based composites via mechanical milling methods,construction of core-shell nano-structured Mg-based composites by chemical reduction approaches,and multi-dimensional nano-sized Mg-based heterostructure by nanoconfinement strategy.Through applying these strategies,near room temperature ab/de-sorption(<100℃)with considerable high capacity(>6 wt%)has been achieved in nano Mg/MgH_(2)systems.Some perspectives on the future research and development of nanostructured hydrogen storage materials are also provided.

Electrochemical partial reduction of Ni(OH)_(2) to Ni(OH)_(2)/Ni via coupled oxidation of an interfacing NiAl intermetallic compound for robust hydrogen evolution

Ni-based porous electrocatalysts have been widely used in the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)in alkaline water electrolysis,and the catalysts are produced by selective leaching of Al from Ni-Al alloys.It is well known that chemical leaching of Ni-Al intermetallic compound(IMC)generates a high surface area in Ni(OH)_(2).However,the Ni(OH)_(2) produced by leaching the Ni-Al intermetallic compound retards the hydrogen evolution reaction,which is attributed to its weak hydrogen adsorption energy.In this study,we controlled the chemical state of Ni using plasma vapor deposition(PVD)followed by heat treatment,selective Al leaching,and electrochemical reduction.X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)were used to confirm the phase evolution of the electrocatalysts during fabrication.We reveal that the heat-treated Ni-Al alloy with a thick Ni2Al3surface layer underwent selective Al leaching and produced biphasic interfaces comprising Ni(OH)_(2) and NiAl IMCs at the edges of the grains in the outermost surface layer.Coupled oxidation of the interfacing NiAl IMCs facilitated the partial reduction of Ni(OH)_(2) to Ni(OH)_(2)/Ni in the grains during electrochemical reduction,as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).An electrocatalyst containing partially reduced Ni(OH)_(2)/Ni exhibited an overpotential of 54 mV at 10 mA/cm^(2) in a half-cell measurement,and a cell voltage of 1.675 V at 0.4 A/cm2for single-cell operation.A combined experimental and theoretical study(density functional theory calculations)revealed that the superior HER activity was attributed to the presence of partially reduced metallic Ni with various defects and residual Al,which facilitated water adsorption,dissociation,and finally hydrogen evolution.

2022年蒙古标准化发展分析:基于标准涉及领域的统计

This paper makes an analysis of the standardization efforts in Mongolia in 2022,with a focus on the areas and quantity of standards development,and collects and analyzes the data from the Mongolian Agency for Standardization and Metrology(MASM)and China’s Standard Information Platform Contributed by the Belt and Road Countries.The study reveals that Mongolia attaches great importance to standardization work,with the government actively promoting standardization in various fields.In 2022,MASM released 134 new national standards,with 128 standards at the enquiry stage.Mongolia’s standards development mainly focuses on medical and health technology,environmental protection,health care and safety,and agriculture.The findings of this study provide technical reference for promoting the adoption and application of standards in Mongolia and fostering technical cooperation in the field of standardization.

Development and Characterization of Eco-Friendly Non-Isocyanate Urethane Monomer from Jatropha curcas Oil for Wood Composite Applications

The aim of this research work was to evaluate the potential of using renewable natural feedstock,i.e.,Jatropha curcas oil(JCO)for the synthesis of non-isocyanate polyurethane(NIPU)resin for wood composite applications.Commercial polyurethane(PU)is synthesized through a polycondensation reaction between isocyanate and poly-ol.However,utilizing toxic and unsustainable isocyanates for obtaining PU could contribute to negative impacts on the environment and human health.Therefore,the development of PU from eco-friendly and sustainable resources without the isocyanate route is required.In this work,tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide was used as the activator to open the epoxy ring with 3-Aminopropyltriethoxisylane as a catalyst to yield urethane of JCO(UJCO).The UJCO were characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy(FTIR)and their oxirane,and hydroxyl values were measured.The result showed that a decrease in oxirane value was found while the hydroxyl value was increased during the time,confirming that the urethane group was formed.The presence of functional groups in FTIR spectra at wave numbers 1732.08,1562.34,and 3348.42 cm^(−1) indicates the functional groups of C=O(urethane carbonyl),–NH,and–OH,respectively confirmed this finding.The potential applications of NIPU in the wood composite were also outlined.

FeCoNiCrMo high entropy alloy nanosheets catalyzed magnesium hydride for solid-state hydrogen storage

The catalytic effect of FeCoNiCrMo high entropy alloy nanosheets on the hydrogen storage performance of magnesium hydride(MgH_(2))was investigated for the first time in this paper.Experimental results demonstrated that 9wt%FeCoNiCrMo doped MgH_(2)started to dehydrogenate at 200℃and discharged up to 5.89wt%hydrogen within 60 min at 325℃.The fully dehydrogenated composite could absorb3.23wt%hydrogen in 50 min at a temperature as low as 100℃.The calculated de/hydrogenation activation energy values decreased by44.21%/55.22%compared with MgH_(2),respectively.Moreover,the composite’s hydrogen capacity dropped only 0.28wt%after 20 cycles,demonstrating remarkable cycling stability.The microstructure analysis verified that the five elements,Fe,Co,Ni,Cr,and Mo,remained stable in the form of high entropy alloy during the cycling process,and synergistically serving as a catalytic union to boost the de/hydrogenation reactions of MgH_(2).Besides,the FeCoNiCrMo nanosheets had close contact with MgH_(2),providing numerous non-homogeneous activation sites and diffusion channels for the rapid transfer of hydrogen,thus obtaining a superior catalytic effect.

Lotus root polysaccharide inhibits the growth of ovarian cancer cells by blocking the cell cycle

Background:Lotus root polysaccharide is a natural antioxidant.As a new anticancer drug,it has anti-proliferation and pro-apoptotic effects in a variety of tumour cells,but its effect on ovarian cancer is not clear.In study,we attempted to elucidate the role and mechanism of lotus root polysaccharide in SKOV3 cells.Methods:In this study,the effect of lotus root polysaccharide on mRNA of SKVO3 cells was analyzed by RNA-seq,and verified by Western blot,flow cytometry,fluorescence detection and other techniques.Results:The results showed that lotus root polysaccharide could inhibit the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells.Then,a change in gene expression was found by RNA-seq.In the mRNA(differentially expressed mRNA)with these differences,significant changes in the cell cycle were found by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis.Subsequently,the proportion of cells in S phase decreases and G2/M phase increases,as seen with propidium iodide staining.Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed inhibition of the cell cycle,and the gene and protein expression of CDK1,CCNA1 and CCNB1 were inhibited.Conclusion:Our results show that lotus root polysaccharide can inhibit the growth of SKOV3 cells in vitro by blocking the cell cycle at the G2/M phase,which reveals the potential of lotus root polysaccharide in the treatment of ovarian cancer.