Dimethoate Induced Oxidative Damage and Histopathological Changes in lung of Adult rats:Modulatory Effects of Selenium and/or Vitamin E

Objective To determine the efficiency of selenium and/or vitamin E to alleviate lung oxidative damage induced by dimethoate, an organophosphorus compound. Methods Adult Wistar rats were exposed during 30 days either to dimethoate （0.2 g/L of drinking water）, dimethoate＋selenium （0.5 mg/kg of diet）, dimethoate＋vitamin E （100 mg/kg of diet）, or dimethoate＋selenium＋vitamin E. Results Exposure to dimethoate caused oxidative stress in lung evidenced by an increase of malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl groups and advanced oxidation protein products. An increase in glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and a decrease in acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities, glutathione, non-protein thiols and vitamins C levels were observed. Histopathological changes in lung tissue were noted as emphysema, hemorrhages and hemosiderin deposits. Co-administration of selenium or vitamin E to the diet of dimethoate treated rats ameliorated the biochemical parameters as well as histological impairments. The joint effect of these elements was more powerful in antagonizing dimethoate-induced lung oxidative damage. Conclusion We concluded that selenium and vitamin E ameliorated the toxic effects of this pesticide in lung tissue suggesting their role as potential antioxidants.

The <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Eradication Rate in a High Prevalence Area (West Africa): Three Triple Therapy Comparative Study

In Western countries, the current trend is to use sequential quadruple therapy or bismuth-based instead of triple therapy for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). In sub-Saharan Africa, high prevalence area of the H. pylori infection, the effectiveness of these triple therapies widely used in routine has been little evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of three patterns of first-line triple therapy based on combining a proton pump inhibitors (PPI), and 3 types of antibiotics: omeprazole (O), amoxicillin (A), clarythromycin (C) and metronidazole (M). Patients and Methods: This is a randomized clinical trial opened on 3 parallel arms: OAM (group 1 or G1), OAC (group 2 or G2) or OCM (group 3 or G3). The primary endpoint was H. pylori eradication rate after seven days triple therapy. H. pylori diagnosis infection was based on bacterium detection on the histological examination of the gastric biopsies. Histological control was performed 4 weeks after the end of treatment to assess H. pylori eradication rate. Results: The average age of our 153 patients included in the study (86 men) was 44.33 ± 11.72 years. The main reason of the endoscopy was the dyspeptic syndrome (75.16%). The gastroscopy was normal in 28.76%. A Gastric or duodenal peptic ulcer was found in 17% of cases and gastropathy in 45.75%. Histologically, the GC was active in 90.9% of cases, follicular in 35.3% of cases, atrophic in 22.5% of cases and was associated with intestinal metaplasia (IM) in 5.2% of cases. Patients of these three groups (n = 64 for G1, n = 56 for G2 and n = 33 for G3) were comparable for age, gender, endoscopy indications, alcohol consumption history or smoking, and anti-inflammatory drugs taking. Approximately 23% of patients experienced adverse reactions. The overall H. pylori eradication rate was 22.3%. There was no significant difference H. pylori eradication rate depending on the treatment used (28.1%, 21.4% and 15.1% for G1, G2 and G3, p = 0.34). Conclusion: The H. pylori eradication rate was poor regardless of the triple therapy used. It is desirable in the absence of bacteriological data on the primary and secondary resistance levels to optimize the eradication rate advocating the use of quadruple therapy at outset in first-line.

Ileo-Ileal Intussusception Caused by an Inflammatory Fibroid Polyp: A Case Report

Inflammatory fibroid polyps (IFP) are a rare benign entity that arises from the submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract and protrudes into the lumen. The clinical presentation depends on the size and localization. They are particularly found in the ileum, where they are frequently present as an ileal intussusception. We report the case of a 56-year-old female patient who presented with periumbilical pain along with multiple episodes of vomiting and chronic constipation. An abdominal CT scan revealed an ileo-ileal intussusception of an endoluminal hypodense lesion with mesenteric lymphadenopathy. Surgical treatment consisted of segmental ileal resection with primary anastomosis. The histopathological analysis revealed an inflammatory fibroid polyp in the ileum. Although these tumors have no malignant potential, surgery is always indicated in ileo-ileal intussusception to ascertain the histological nature of the lesion.

Potassium Bromate-induced Changes in the Adult Mouse Cerebellum Are Ameliorated by Vanillin

Objective The current study aimed to elucidate the effect of vanillin on behavioral changes, oxidative stress, and histopathological changes induced by potassium bromate （KBrO3）, an environmental pollutant, in the cerebellum of adult mice.Methods The animals were divided into four groups： group 1 served as a control, group 2 received KBrO3, group 3 received KBrO3 and vanillin, and group 4 received only vanillin. We then measured behavioral changes, oxidative stress, and molecular and histological changes in the cerebellum.Results We observed significant behavioral changes in KBrO3-exposed mice. When investigating redox homeostasis in the cerebellum, we found that mice treated with KBrO3 had increased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in the cerebellum. These effects were accompanied by decreased Na＋-K＋ and Mg2＋ ATPase activity and antioxidant enzyme gene expression when compared to the control group. Additionally, there was a significant increase in cytokine gene expression in KBrO3-treated mice. Microscopy revealed that KBrO3 intoxication resulted in numerous degenerative changes in the cerebellum that were substantially ameliorated by vanillin supplementation. Co-administration of vanillin blocked the biochemical and molecular anomalies induced by KBrO3.Conclusion Our results demonstrate that vanillin is a potential therapeutic agent for oxidative stress associated with neurodegenerative diseases.

Ectopic Tubal Molar Pregnancy: A Case Report

Background: Molar pregnancy is a rare condition;its ectopic form is even rarer occurring in 1.5 per 1,000,000 pregnancies. Aim: We report a case of ectopic molar pregnancy located in the fallopian tube and draw attention to the importance of systematic histological examination in any ectopic pregnancy. Case report: A 32-year-old primigravida woman presented with metrorrhagia in a context of about 2 months of amenorrhea. An ectopic pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasonography. A Laparotomy was performed and a ruptured left ampullary ectopic pregnancy was found, and a total left salpingectomy was performed. The pathologic examination and the histological examination show an aspect of a partial molar ectopic tubal pregnancy. Conclusion: Ectopic molar pregnancy is a rare entity, its diagnosis requires histological confirmation. Beta-HCG monitoring is the essential tool for monitoring the postoperative evolution.