目的探讨以能力为导向(competency based education,CBE)联合以案例为基础(case-based learning,CBL)的教学模式在超声引导下小儿臂丛神经阻滞操作教学中的可行性和实施效果。方法选取2018年10月—2019年10月医院麻醉科规范化培训医师40...目的探讨以能力为导向(competency based education,CBE)联合以案例为基础(case-based learning,CBL)的教学模式在超声引导下小儿臂丛神经阻滞操作教学中的可行性和实施效果。方法选取2018年10月—2019年10月医院麻醉科规范化培训医师40名,随机分为对照组(n=20)和实验组(n=20),分别采取传统医学教学模式和CBE+CBL教学模式。比较学员的理论和技能考核成绩,并通过调查问卷行评价满意度和教学效果。结果与对照组比较,实验组的理论和技能考核成绩更优异(P<0.05),学习主动性、操作能力、分析能力和灵活运用能力均显著提升(P<0.05);实验组的教学满意度优于对照组(P<0.05)。与入科时相比,出科时实验组对教学方法重要性认识显著提高(P<0.05),且高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论应用CBE+CBL教学模式可提高超声引导下小儿臂丛神经阻滞的教学效果和操作能力,显著改善临床教学质量。展开更多
The Background: Williams syndrome is a neurodevelopmental multisystem genetic disorder characterized by dysmorphic features and a wide range of congenital cardiac, renal, musculoskeletal anomalies. Presence of cleft p...The Background: Williams syndrome is a neurodevelopmental multisystem genetic disorder characterized by dysmorphic features and a wide range of congenital cardiac, renal, musculoskeletal anomalies. Presence of cleft palate in these patients is an unusual condition. More than 22 cases of sudden cardiac death reported in literature especially during anesthetic management in the patients of Williams syndrome. So these patients present major perioperative challenges to anesthesiologist. The authors report successful anesthetic care for repair of cleft palate in presence of uncorrected patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and mild supraventricular aortic stenosis (SVAS) in a 3.5-year-old female child diagnosed with Williams syndrome. Case report: Diagnosed case of Williams syndrome with characteristic facial dysmorphic features, SVAS and rare malformation of PDA, was scheduled for cleft palate repair. After keen preoperative assessment, general anesthesia was administered for the procedure with continuous monitoring for vital parameters. Because of dysmorphic features, difficulty was faced during intubation. Otherwise intraoperative procedure was uneventful. Postoperative analgesia was managed with intravenous paracetamol. Conclusion: Being a multisystem disorder, each patient of WS requires meticulous preoperative evaluation and high level of intraoperative and postoperative continuous monitoring regardless of any surgical procedure. Surgical correction of cleft palate in such patients demands very high anesthetic and surgical skills as both share common airway. Present case report highlights the significance of aggressive perioperative management in WS which can result in successful outcome.展开更多
Introduction: One of the most important jobs of an anesthesiology is to preserve an adequate gaseous exchange. With the coming in the 80’s of the laryngeal mask airway, a less invasive technique was introduced for th...Introduction: One of the most important jobs of an anesthesiology is to preserve an adequate gaseous exchange. With the coming in the 80’s of the laryngeal mask airway, a less invasive technique was introduced for this end. There are a lot of variants of these supraglotic issues, being the i-gel a no inflate mask;witch principle is to provide a perilaryngel stamp that reduced the incidence of sore throat, cervical pain compared with the traditional laryngeal mask. Method: A group of 121 ASA I-II patients with general anesthesia administration, where divided in two groups, one of 60 patients where a traditional laryngeal mask airway was used, and a second group of 61 patients where an i-gel mask was used. In both groups the presence of postoperative sore throat, cervical pain and dysphonia;number of attempts and pressure in the airway tract was measured. Results: The group of patients where the i-gel was used present lower incidence of sore throat (11% vs 27%) and cervical pain (3% vs 9%) and lower values of pressure on the airway tract compared with the group in which the conventional laryngeal mask was used. On the other hand there was no difference in the presence of dysphonia, trauma or number of attempts used to insert the mask. Conclusions: The i-gel larygeal mask demonstrated to be a safe issue, with low incidence of morbidity to administrated general anesthesia.展开更多
Background and aim: Instability in the hemodynamic symptoms has been common at the time of extubation in patients and the cause to create the side effects. The aim of this research was to study the effect of injection...Background and aim: Instability in the hemodynamic symptoms has been common at the time of extubation in patients and the cause to create the side effects. The aim of this research was to study the effect of injection of Alfentanil, Lidocaine and their composition in reduction of side effects arising from extubation. Materials and methods: 172 patients (20 - 40 years old) that referred to Shahid Rajaee Hospital in 2014 and had been under the orthopedic surgery, were divided randomly and by using colored cards into four equal groups (43 patients in each group). Alfentanil (5 microgram/kilogram) was injected to the first group. The second group received Lidocaine (1 milligram/ kilogram). The composition of these two drugs was injected to the third group and the normal equal volume of Saline was injected to the fourth group which was the control group. The means of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, average arterial pressure and the number of heartbeat at the time of extubation were measured and registered 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes after extubation. Also, the amount of situation of bucking after extubation was registered in the groups. Results: The demographic results were similar in all groups. The mean of systolic blood pressure and number of heartbeats in the group of Alfentanil and composition of Alfentanil-Lidocaine had significant reduction (p 0.05). The situation of bucking in three treatment groups had significant reduction in comparison with control group. Conclusion: Alfentanil and composition of it with Lidocaine both had caused reducing the systolic blood pressure and heartbeats.展开更多
Pheochromocytomas are catecholamine producing tumors and although uncommon present a great challenge to the anesthesiologist since it has nonspecific clinical symptoms and risk of critical events, including death when...Pheochromocytomas are catecholamine producing tumors and although uncommon present a great challenge to the anesthesiologist since it has nonspecific clinical symptoms and risk of critical events, including death when not previously diagnosed. Clinical manifestation is variable, unspecific and depends on the catecholamine production profile. The classic triad of headache, palpitation and diaphoresis is present in up to 70% of the cases and only 50% have sustained hypertension. The best approach for pheochromocytoma treatment is surgical excision of the affected adrenal gland. The introduction of alpha adrenergic blockade medication, such as phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine had the highest impact in perioperative mortality reduction due to inhibition of the deleterious effect of vasoconstriction. The majority of anesthetic techniques and drugs are considered safe. Post-operative care in intensive care unit is advisable since patients may present instability of blood pressure and hypoglycemia. Genetic testing should be done in first-degree relatives of confirmed cases or when a genetic syndrome is suspected.展开更多
Fatal bleeding in patients with tracheostomy is an uncommon incident, in the order of 0.1% to 1% of cases. It is secondary in 70% of cases to the innominate artery fistula in the tracheal lumen. The fistula is general...Fatal bleeding in patients with tracheostomy is an uncommon incident, in the order of 0.1% to 1% of cases. It is secondary in 70% of cases to the innominate artery fistula in the tracheal lumen. The fistula is generally created after the necrosis of tracheal rings. The incriminated factors are the type of cannula used, the site of tracheal opening below the 3rd tracheal ring, tracheal infections and the proximity of the innominate artery to the tracheal axis. The outcome of this incident is fatal in most cases. We report the case of a 59-year-old patient with a tracheostomy on the 11th day of his admission to intensive care for severe head trauma secondary to a road accident. On the 22nd day of his admission, the occurrence of a cataclysmic and fatal haemorrhage through the tracheostomy tube evoked an arterio-tracheal fistula of the innominate artery.展开更多
美国心脏病学会／美国心脏协会（ACC／AHA）医疗指南工作组尽力避免因编写委员会成员与企业的关系或个人利益而导致的任何实际的、可能的，或者是已发现的利益冲突。编写委员会的所有成员以及本文件的同行评议人必须对可能被视为是实际...美国心脏病学会／美国心脏协会（ACC／AHA）医疗指南工作组尽力避免因编写委员会成员与企业的关系或个人利益而导致的任何实际的、可能的，或者是已发现的利益冲突。编写委员会的所有成员以及本文件的同行评议人必须对可能被视为是实际上或是潜在的利益冲突进行声明。工作组对以上声明进行审查。在每次会议上，这些声明必须口头汇报给编写委员会的每位成员；当发生变动时，编写委员会对声明进行更新并再次核查。编写委员会成员和企业的关系见附表1，同行评议人与企业的关系见附表2。本指南旨在确定在大多数情形下满足大部分患者需求的方案。指南反映了对当前可获得的科学文献进行系统分析后专家们达成的共识，其目的在于提高医疗质量。如果将指南用于管理／投资决策，其终极目标应是医疗质量得到提高并服务于患者。关于具体患者的医疗问题，必须由医疗人员和患者根据具体情况共同做出最终决定。Sidney C Smith，Jr．，MD，FACC，FAHA ACC／AHA医疗指南工作组主席Elliot M．Antman，MD，FACC，FAHA展开更多
文摘目的探讨以能力为导向(competency based education,CBE)联合以案例为基础(case-based learning,CBL)的教学模式在超声引导下小儿臂丛神经阻滞操作教学中的可行性和实施效果。方法选取2018年10月—2019年10月医院麻醉科规范化培训医师40名,随机分为对照组(n=20)和实验组(n=20),分别采取传统医学教学模式和CBE+CBL教学模式。比较学员的理论和技能考核成绩,并通过调查问卷行评价满意度和教学效果。结果与对照组比较,实验组的理论和技能考核成绩更优异(P<0.05),学习主动性、操作能力、分析能力和灵活运用能力均显著提升(P<0.05);实验组的教学满意度优于对照组(P<0.05)。与入科时相比,出科时实验组对教学方法重要性认识显著提高(P<0.05),且高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论应用CBE+CBL教学模式可提高超声引导下小儿臂丛神经阻滞的教学效果和操作能力,显著改善临床教学质量。
文摘The Background: Williams syndrome is a neurodevelopmental multisystem genetic disorder characterized by dysmorphic features and a wide range of congenital cardiac, renal, musculoskeletal anomalies. Presence of cleft palate in these patients is an unusual condition. More than 22 cases of sudden cardiac death reported in literature especially during anesthetic management in the patients of Williams syndrome. So these patients present major perioperative challenges to anesthesiologist. The authors report successful anesthetic care for repair of cleft palate in presence of uncorrected patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and mild supraventricular aortic stenosis (SVAS) in a 3.5-year-old female child diagnosed with Williams syndrome. Case report: Diagnosed case of Williams syndrome with characteristic facial dysmorphic features, SVAS and rare malformation of PDA, was scheduled for cleft palate repair. After keen preoperative assessment, general anesthesia was administered for the procedure with continuous monitoring for vital parameters. Because of dysmorphic features, difficulty was faced during intubation. Otherwise intraoperative procedure was uneventful. Postoperative analgesia was managed with intravenous paracetamol. Conclusion: Being a multisystem disorder, each patient of WS requires meticulous preoperative evaluation and high level of intraoperative and postoperative continuous monitoring regardless of any surgical procedure. Surgical correction of cleft palate in such patients demands very high anesthetic and surgical skills as both share common airway. Present case report highlights the significance of aggressive perioperative management in WS which can result in successful outcome.
文摘Introduction: One of the most important jobs of an anesthesiology is to preserve an adequate gaseous exchange. With the coming in the 80’s of the laryngeal mask airway, a less invasive technique was introduced for this end. There are a lot of variants of these supraglotic issues, being the i-gel a no inflate mask;witch principle is to provide a perilaryngel stamp that reduced the incidence of sore throat, cervical pain compared with the traditional laryngeal mask. Method: A group of 121 ASA I-II patients with general anesthesia administration, where divided in two groups, one of 60 patients where a traditional laryngeal mask airway was used, and a second group of 61 patients where an i-gel mask was used. In both groups the presence of postoperative sore throat, cervical pain and dysphonia;number of attempts and pressure in the airway tract was measured. Results: The group of patients where the i-gel was used present lower incidence of sore throat (11% vs 27%) and cervical pain (3% vs 9%) and lower values of pressure on the airway tract compared with the group in which the conventional laryngeal mask was used. On the other hand there was no difference in the presence of dysphonia, trauma or number of attempts used to insert the mask. Conclusions: The i-gel larygeal mask demonstrated to be a safe issue, with low incidence of morbidity to administrated general anesthesia.
文摘Background and aim: Instability in the hemodynamic symptoms has been common at the time of extubation in patients and the cause to create the side effects. The aim of this research was to study the effect of injection of Alfentanil, Lidocaine and their composition in reduction of side effects arising from extubation. Materials and methods: 172 patients (20 - 40 years old) that referred to Shahid Rajaee Hospital in 2014 and had been under the orthopedic surgery, were divided randomly and by using colored cards into four equal groups (43 patients in each group). Alfentanil (5 microgram/kilogram) was injected to the first group. The second group received Lidocaine (1 milligram/ kilogram). The composition of these two drugs was injected to the third group and the normal equal volume of Saline was injected to the fourth group which was the control group. The means of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, average arterial pressure and the number of heartbeat at the time of extubation were measured and registered 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes after extubation. Also, the amount of situation of bucking after extubation was registered in the groups. Results: The demographic results were similar in all groups. The mean of systolic blood pressure and number of heartbeats in the group of Alfentanil and composition of Alfentanil-Lidocaine had significant reduction (p 0.05). The situation of bucking in three treatment groups had significant reduction in comparison with control group. Conclusion: Alfentanil and composition of it with Lidocaine both had caused reducing the systolic blood pressure and heartbeats.
文摘Pheochromocytomas are catecholamine producing tumors and although uncommon present a great challenge to the anesthesiologist since it has nonspecific clinical symptoms and risk of critical events, including death when not previously diagnosed. Clinical manifestation is variable, unspecific and depends on the catecholamine production profile. The classic triad of headache, palpitation and diaphoresis is present in up to 70% of the cases and only 50% have sustained hypertension. The best approach for pheochromocytoma treatment is surgical excision of the affected adrenal gland. The introduction of alpha adrenergic blockade medication, such as phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine had the highest impact in perioperative mortality reduction due to inhibition of the deleterious effect of vasoconstriction. The majority of anesthetic techniques and drugs are considered safe. Post-operative care in intensive care unit is advisable since patients may present instability of blood pressure and hypoglycemia. Genetic testing should be done in first-degree relatives of confirmed cases or when a genetic syndrome is suspected.
文摘Fatal bleeding in patients with tracheostomy is an uncommon incident, in the order of 0.1% to 1% of cases. It is secondary in 70% of cases to the innominate artery fistula in the tracheal lumen. The fistula is generally created after the necrosis of tracheal rings. The incriminated factors are the type of cannula used, the site of tracheal opening below the 3rd tracheal ring, tracheal infections and the proximity of the innominate artery to the tracheal axis. The outcome of this incident is fatal in most cases. We report the case of a 59-year-old patient with a tracheostomy on the 11th day of his admission to intensive care for severe head trauma secondary to a road accident. On the 22nd day of his admission, the occurrence of a cataclysmic and fatal haemorrhage through the tracheostomy tube evoked an arterio-tracheal fistula of the innominate artery.
文摘美国心脏病学会／美国心脏协会（ACC／AHA）医疗指南工作组尽力避免因编写委员会成员与企业的关系或个人利益而导致的任何实际的、可能的，或者是已发现的利益冲突。编写委员会的所有成员以及本文件的同行评议人必须对可能被视为是实际上或是潜在的利益冲突进行声明。工作组对以上声明进行审查。在每次会议上，这些声明必须口头汇报给编写委员会的每位成员；当发生变动时，编写委员会对声明进行更新并再次核查。编写委员会成员和企业的关系见附表1，同行评议人与企业的关系见附表2。本指南旨在确定在大多数情形下满足大部分患者需求的方案。指南反映了对当前可获得的科学文献进行系统分析后专家们达成的共识，其目的在于提高医疗质量。如果将指南用于管理／投资决策，其终极目标应是医疗质量得到提高并服务于患者。关于具体患者的医疗问题，必须由医疗人员和患者根据具体情况共同做出最终决定。Sidney C Smith，Jr．，MD，FACC，FAHA ACC／AHA医疗指南工作组主席Elliot M．Antman，MD，FACC，FAHA
