Application Research Status and Development Prospect of Microbial Flocculant

Microbial flocculant （MBF） is a kind of novel flocculant, which is widely used for the food industry, highly concentrated organic waste water treatment and the urban water supply technology. Due to its characteristics of superior flocculation effect, without secondary pollution to the environment and being easily degraded, MBF has been emerging as a hotspot of water treatment research in recent years. In this paper, the latest progress of the preparation of MBFs and the flocculating mechanism were presented. The practical application research of MBFs for water treatment was reviewed. Finally, suggestions and development prospect of research on MBFs were discussed.

Analysis of Pollution Sources and Countermeasures against Water Pollution in a Small River Basin of Chaohu Lake——A Case Study of the Shiwulihe River

The Shiwulihe River, the inflow river of Chaohu Lake in Hefei City, was taken as an example. Based on the current status of water quali- ty and analysis of pollution sources in the Shiwulihe River, countermeasures and suggestions of controlling water pollution were proposed to provide effective ways for the control of water pollution and restoration of aquatic ecosystem in the Shiwulihe River and other similar rivers flowing into lakes.

Lysine-specific demethylase 1 expression in zebrafish during the early stages of neuronal development

Lysine-specific demethylase 1 （Lsdl） is associated with transcriptional coregulation via the modulation of histone methylation. The expression pattern and function of zebrafish Lsdl has not, however, been studied. Here, we describe the pattern of zebrafish Lsdl expression during different development stages. In the zebrafish embryo, Isdl mRNA was present during the early cleavage stage, indicating that maternally derived Lsdl protein is involved in embryonic patterning. During embryogenesis from 0 to 48 hours post-fertilization （hpf）, the expression of Isdl mRNA in the embryo was ubiquitous before 12 hpf and then became restricted to the antedor of the embryo （particularly in the brain） from 24 hpf to 72 hpf. Inhibition of Lsdl activity （by exposure to tranylcypromine） or knockdown of Isdl expression （by morpholino antisense oligonucleotide injection） led to the loss of cells in the brain and to a dramatic downregulatJon of neural genes, including gad65, gad75, and reelin, but not hey1. These findings indicate an important role of Lsdl during nervous system development in zebrafish.

GIS-based Spatial Viewshed Analysis of Cableway Construction Projects in Scenic Areas

GIS and GPS are used for the quantitative analysis of visual landscape impact of the old and new Cloud Valley Cableway in the Yellow Mountain.The results show that viewshed,quantity of visible sensitive scenic areas,and visible length from the tour routes of the new cableway are much smaller than those of the old one,so the new cableway has limited impact on visual landscapes of the scenic area,and basically meets the requirement of not damaging natural landscape features of the Yellow Mountain.GIS-and GPS-based spatial viewshed analysis methods have promising prospects in researches on landscape infl uence of scenic areas,and both of them are also signifi cant technical supports for the environmental protection verifi cation of construction projects in scenic areas.

The Correlation between the Variation of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Content and Cyanobacterial Blooms in Fubao Bay of Dianchi Lake

To explore variation of dissolved inorganic carbon content( DIC) caused by cyanobacterial blooms and provide a basis for formulating effective preventive and control measures of cyanobacterial blooms,the concentration of inorganic carbon and the concentration of planktonic algae were studied by sampling method,and the distribution and variation of the DIC and physicochemical factors in the ecological restoration area of Fubao Bay of Dianchi Lake were analyzed. Results indicated that the distribution of chlorophyll-a was significantly positive correlated with CO_3^(2-)( P < 0. 01) and pH values( P < 0. 05); and the distribution of chlorophyll-a was significantly negative correlated with CO_2( P <0. 01),DIC and HCO_3^-( P < 0. 05). In conclusion,the outbreak and extinction of cyanobacterial blooms is one of the important reasons for the variation of inorganic carbon form and concentration.

Release Flux Estimation of Sediment Phosphorus in Shiwuli River Estuary of Chao Lake in Summer

[Objective] The study aimed to estimate the release flux of sediment phosphorus in Shiwuli River estuary of Chao Lake in summer. [Method] Under static and dynamic conditions, we analyzed the release characteristics of sediment phosphorus in Shiwuli River estuary of Chao Lake in summer, and estimated the release flux of sediment phosphorus in the studied area in summer. [Result] Disturbance had great effects on the release of sediment phosphorus in Shiwuli River estuary of Chao Lake in summer. When phosphorus concentration in overlying water was 0 mg/L, the amount of released phosphorus under dynamic conditions was 2.3 times as much as that under static conditions; as phosphorus concentration in overlying water was 0.05 mg/L, the amount of released phosphorus under dynamic conditions was 1.3 times as much as that under static condi- tions. In a word, the amount of released phosphorus under dynamic conditions was higher than that under static conditions. In summer, the release flux of sediment phosphorus in Shiwuli River estuary of Chao Lake was very high, namely 0.2 t/km2. Therefore, besides controlling exogenous phosphorus pollution, we should pay more attention to the release of sediment phosphorus. [ Conclusion] The research could provide theoretical ref- erences for dredging sediment and controlling lake eutrophication in future.

Deep Convective Clouds over the Northern Pacific and Their Relationship with Oceanic Cyclones

Based on combined CloudSat/CALIPSO detections, the seasonal occurrence of deep convective clouds （DCCs） over the midlatitude North Pacific （NP） and cyclonic activity in winter were compared. In winter, DCCs are more frequent over the central NP, from approximately 30~N to 45~N, than over other regions. The high frequencies are roughly equal to those occurring in this region in summer. Most of these DCCs have cloud tops above a 12 km altitude, and the highest top is approximately 15 km. These wintertime marine DCCs commonly occur during surface circulation conditions of low pressure, high temperature, strong meridional wind, and high relative humidity. Further, the maximum probability of DCCs, according to the high correlation coefficient, was found in the region 10^-20~ east and 5^-10~ south of the center of the cyclones. The potential relationship between DCCs and cyclones regarding their relative locations and circulation conditions was also identified by a case study. Deep clouds were generated in the warm conveyor belt by strong updrafts from baroclinic flows. The updrafts intensified when latent heat was released during the adjustment of the cyclone circulation current. This indicates that the dynamics of cyclones are the primary energy source for DCCs over the NP in winter.

Photoinduced Electron Transfer Between Mono-6-p-nitrobenzoyl-β- cyclodextrin and Adamantanamine-Cn-Co/Ni-porphyrins

二系列 monotailed 卟啉，Cobalt-5-{4-[-(1-adamantaneamino) alkyloxy ]苯基} -10,15,20-triphenyl porphyrinate ( CoPC n 一， n=4,5,6 )并且Nickel-5-{4-[ -(1-adamantaneamino)alkyloxy]phenyl}-10,15,20-triphenyl porphyrinate ( NiPC n 一， n=4,5,6 )，被综合，在哪个卟啉一半经由灵活的烃链被连接到 1-adamantanamine 。在这些施主底层和 mono-6-p-nitrobenzoyl 之间熄灭的荧光 -- cyclodextrin (NBCD ) 详细被学习。不同荧光熄灭发生在这些超分子的系统。这熄灭在在卟啉施主和 cyclodextrin 领受人之间的超分子的集会内被归因于 photoinduced 电子转移(宠物) 。详细 Stern-Volmer 常数被测量，他们被划分成熄灭常数和静态的有约束力的常数的动态 Stern-Volmer。在卟啉子单元和 NBCD 之间的 PET 相互作用是确实有效的，这被表明。

Public Attitudes Towards Policy Instruments for Congestion Mitigation in Shanghai

Congestion causes many externalities for the society including time delays, excessive fuel consumption, air pollution noise and safety concerns. In Shanghai, various policy options have been explored, piloted or applied; however, not all of them may be understood and accepted by the public. A survey was conducted to investigate people’s attitudes towards several policy options. The main findings reveal that Shanghai residents are resis tant to certain policies, such as congestion charges, higher parking charges in congested areas and car restrictions. Instead, they favo public transport provisions. The paper suggests that there is a case for promoting public transport and more efficient trips when the car ownership is still low, and for investing in a policy of educat ing the public on the ‘true’ costs and causes of congestion before embarking on an intensive policy of congestion charges or restric tions.

Distribution, bioaccumulation, trophic transfer and risk assessment of trace elements in fish from a typical shallow outflow lake basin, China

Fish are important food sources for humans,and the availability of appropriate amount of trace elements(TEs)plays a crucial role in fish growth.Currently,due to large volumes of sewage discharge,high levels of certain elements are present in aquatic environments,and these elements accumulate in fish and potentially affect human health.In this study,the distribution and bioaccumulation capacity of trace elements in six dominant fish species from Chaohu Lake(China)were analyzed.The results showed that the bioaccumulation capacity of fish for Zn was greater than other TEs.And the source of the TEs in the fish were explored along with the concentration of the TEs in the aquatic environment,which indicated that TEs in fish were mainly obtained through ingestion and indirectly affected by the industrial activities in the basin.Additionally,stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes were used to classify the trophic levels and explore the biological magnification of TEs of the fish.It was found that Sb and Sr showed biomagnification with the increase of trophic level of fish.Based on the above analyses,the environmental biogeochemical cycle model of TEs in the lake was distinguished and established,which can offer valuable insights for sustainable fishery management in the downstream Yangtze River Delta ecosystem.