Supplementation with yak (Bos grunniens) bone collagen hydrolysate altered the structure of gut microbiota and elevated short-chain fatty acid production in mice

In this study, yak bone collagen hydrolysate(YBCH)was produced by mixed proteases and provided to standard-diet mice at a different dose(low dose(LD), medium dose(MD), and high dose(HD))to investigate its effects on the composition of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)production. It was found that YBCH was mainly composed of small molecular peptides whose molecular weight below 2 000 Da. Notably, supplementation with different doses of YBCH could significantly downregulate the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes in the fecal microbiota. At the family level, the Lachnospiraceae abundance was significantly reduced in the YBCH gavage groups(mean reduction ratio 41.7 %, 35.2%, and 36.4% for LD, MD, and HD group, respectively). The predicted functions of gut microbes in the MD group were significantly increased at “lipid metabolism” and “glycan biosynthesis and metabolism”. Moreover, the SCFA production in the YBCH groups was elevated. Especially, the concentration of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid in the MD group was separately increased 79.7%, 89.2%, and 78.8% than that in the NC group. These results indicated that YBCH might be applied in the development of functional food for intestinal microecological regulation.

Antifatigue and microbiome reshaping effects of yak bone collagen peptides on Balb/c mice

As the main by-product of yak(Bos grunniens)processing,yak bone was discarded or simply processed for low-value production.The development of yak bone collagen peptides(YBP)has shown great potential.In the study,the 1 g/kg⋅BW peptides were supplied(the group of YBP)or not supplie the control group in the Balb/c mice diet for 18 weeks.Peptide supplementation prolonged the swimming time of mice by 25% and 37% for twice tests,respectively,accompanied by the increased content of glucose(Glu),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione(GSH),and decreased content of lactic acid(LA),blood ammonia(BA)in blood.YBP intervention promoted the relative abundance of Bacteroides,Blautia,Muribaculum,etc.The proportion of amino acid and carbohydrate transport and metabolism increased among all the predicted functions from the orthologous groups of proteins(COG)database.Besides that,after YBP intervention,many up-regulated proteins in the liver were involved in the protein and carbohydrate metabolism-related pathways,and the proteins in lipid metabolism-related pathways were down-regulated.This study firstly clarified the antifatigue and gut microbiome reshaping effects of YBP on Balb/c mice and provided the theoretical basis for future development.

The alteration of gut microbiota by bioactive peptides:a review

Evidences suggest that the homeostasis of gut microbiota is among the most important factors for maintaining the physical and mental health of the host.Among the multiple factors affecting the homeostasis of gut microbiota,diet is one of the decisive factors.Bioactive peptides derived from protein hydrolyzed by protease or fermented by microorganism have many physiological activities that their parent proteins do not have.Currently,bioactive peptides attract more and more attention due to their bidirectional interaction with gut microbes.It has been reported that some bioactive peptides could alter the composition of gut microbiota by influencing the intestinal microenvironment.Meanwhile,quite a few bioactive peptides that are released by gut microbes or intestinal cells could resist the pathogenic bacteria to sustain the homeostasis of gut microbiota.In this review,some exogenous bioactive peptides derived from food and some endogenous bioactive peptides released from intestinal cells or microbes were discussed to summary their effects on the modulation of gut microbiota.This review is expected to provide new ideas for related research,and as well to promote the application of bioactive peptides in the fields of food and medicine.