Dementia-related contact experience,attitudes,and the level of knowledge in medical vocational college students

BACKGROUND Dementia is a severe neurological and psychological disease that occurs in older adults worldwide.The knowledge and attitude of medical-vocational college students play an important role in supporting primary healthcare systems.AIM To investigate the level of knowledge,contact experience,and attitudes toward dementia among medical-vocational college students in China.METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted,and 3-year medical and medical-related students from eight vocational colleges in Anhui province were recruited.The contact experience,attitudes,and knowledge level of students toward dementia were assessed using a questionnaire designed according to the Chinese version of the Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale(ADKS).RESULTS A total of 2444 medical and medical-related students completed the survey,of whom 86.7% of respondents had interests and concerns regarding Alzheimer’s disease(AD),and 29.2% of respondents had experiences of contact with dementia patients.Overall attitudes toward dementia were negative.Only 35.4% of students were interested in participating in the caregiving of dementia patients.The mean score of students’ knowledge about AD as assessed by the ADKS was 21.16(standard deviation,3.43) out of 30.CONCLUSION Dementia-related knowledge of medical-vocational college students was at a medium level,and their overall attitudes toward dementia were negative.

Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 5 Mediates Wnt5a Expression in Microcystin-Leucine-Arginine-Induced Liver Lipid Metabolism Disorder in Mice

Objective Microcystin-leucine-arginine(MC-LR)exposure induces lipid metabolism disorders in the liver.Secreted frizzled-related protein 5(SFRP5)is a natural antagonist of winglesstype MMTV integration site family,member 5A(Wnt5a)and an anti-inflammatory adipocytokine.In this study,we aimed to investigate whether MC-LR can induce lipid metabolism disorders in hepatocytes and whether SFRP5,which has anti-inflammatory effects,can alleviate the effects of hepatic lipid metabolism by inhibiting the Wnt5a/Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)pathway.Methods We exposed mice to MC-LR in vivo to induce liver lipid metabolism disorders.Subsequently,mouse hepatocytes that overexpressed SFRP5 or did not express SFRP5 were exposed to MC-LR,and the effects of SFRP5 overexpression on inflammation and Wnt5a/JNK activation by MC-LR were observed.Results MC-LR exposure induced liver lipid metabolism disorders in mice and significantly decreased SFRP5 mRNA and protein levels in a concentration-dependent manner.SFRP5 overexpression in AML12cells suppressed MC-LR-induced inflammation.Overexpression of SFRP5 also inhibited Wnt5a and phosphorylation of JNK.Conclusion MC-LR can induce lipid metabolism disorders in mice,and SFRP5 can attenuate lipid metabolism disorders in the mouse liver by inhibiting Wnt5a/JNK signaling.

Perioperative management of postoperative sigmoid colon cancer complicated by a large abdominal wall defect:A case report

BACKGROUND Large abdominal wall defect(LAWD)measures>20 cm in width.LAWD can easily lead to intestinal necrosis,peritonitis,other complications,and even mul-tiple organ dysfunction syndrome.Multiple intestinal fistulas are high-flow fis-tulas that can cause severe water–electrolyte imbalance and malnutrition,as well as inflammation,high metabolic status,and chronic intestinal failure caused by intestinal fluid corrosion in tissues around the orifice fistulas.CASE SUMMARY This article summarizes the nursing experience of a patient with sigmoid carci-noma who has LAWD with multiple intestinal fistula due to repeated operations for postoperative complications.The key points of care:Scientific assessment of nutritional status,dynamic adjustment of nutritional support programmes,com-prehensive adoption of enteral nutrition,parenteral nutrition and combined nut-rition of enteral and parenteral;taking good care of abdominal wall defects and intestinal fistulas;continuous flushing of the abdominal drainage tube and low negative pressure drainage;prevention of venous thrombosis;strengthening of physical exercise;implementation of positive psychological interventions.CONCLUSION After more than 7 months of careful care,the patient's physical fitness has been well recovered,local inflammation is well controlled,which wins the opportunity for the operation,and the postoperative recovery is good.

Inhibitory effect of water soluble propolis on oxidative damage in rats with ulcerative colitis

Objective:To investigate the effects of water-soluble propolis(WSP)on the levels of colonic mucosal inflammation and oxidative stress in rats with ulcerative colitis(UC).Methods:The UC rat model was made by sodium dextran sulfate(DSS).Forty-eight male rats were randomly divided into six groups:the normal group(N group),the control group(C group),the positive control group(P group),the low-dose propolis group(L group),he medium-dose propolis(M group)and the high-dose propolis group(H group).The protective effect of WSP on DSS induced UC rats was evaluated by preadministration and re-construction model.Body mass,disease activity index(DAI),blood stool,colon length,intestinal mucosal damage index(CMDI)of rats were observed.The indexes of medulla peroxidase(MPO),superoxidase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)in colon tissue were determined by ELISA.Results:the oxidative stress level of colon tissue in the model group was increased and neutrophils were activated.After medium and high concentration propolis intervention,the oxidative stress level was reduced and the colonic inflammatory injury was relieved.Conclusion:WSP can improve the activity of SOD,GSH-Px and other endogenous antioxidant enzymes,reduce oxidative stress products,inhibit the activity of neutrophil and other mechanisms to relieve intestinal inflammation in experimental UC rat model.

Role of Natural Product Eriocalyxin B in Promoting Apoptosis of Colon Cancer Cells through ERK1/2 Pathway

[Objectives] To investigate the role of Eriocalyxin B (EriB) in promoting colon cancer cell apoptosis through ERK1/2 pathway in vitro, and to provide a natural candidate drug for colon cancer treatment. [Methods] Colon cancer cells treated with different concentrations of EriB were detected by CCK-8 assay;cell scratch assay and crystal violet staining were used to detect the invasion and migration of colon cancer cell;cell apoptosis was detected by Annexin V/PI double staining, and cell cycle was detected by PI staining;Western Blotting was used to detect epithelial-mesenchymal transition and apoptosis-related proteins in colon cancer cells treated with EriB. [Results] After EriB treatment, the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of colon cancer cells were significantly inhibited, and the ratio of P-ERK1/2 to ERK was significantly decreased. [Conclusions] EriB can effectively inhibit the proliferation of colon cancer cells and promote the apoptosis of colon cancer cells through ERK1/2 pathway.

Development and validation of a novel nomogram for predicting overall survival in gastric cancer based on inflammatory markers

BACKGROUND Nearly 66%of occurrences of gastric cancer(GC),which has the second-highest death rate of all cancers,arise in developing countries.In several cancers,the predictive significance of inflammatory markers has been established.AIM To identify clinical characteristics and develop a specific nomogram to determine overall survival for GC patients.METHODS Nine hundred and four GC patients treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between January 2010 and January 2013 were recruited.Prognostic risk variables were screened for Cox analysis.The C index,receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curve,and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the nomogram.RESULTS Tumor node metastasis stage,carcinoembryonic antigen,systemic immuneinflammation index,and age were identified as independent predictive variables by multivariate analysis.Systemic immune-inflammation index value was superior to that of other inflammatory indicators.The ROC indicated the nomogram had a higher area under the curve than other factors,and its C-index for assessing the validation and training groups of GC patients was extremely reliable.CONCLUSIONWe created a novel nomogram to forecast the prognosis of GC patients following curativegastrectomy based on blood markers and other characteristics. Both surgeons and patients canbenefit significantly from this new scoring system.

Low testosterone levels are inversely correlated with carotid artery plaque formation in elderly women

Objective To study the relationship between serum testosterone levels and the plaque formation of the carotid artery in a population-based cohort of independently living healthy women above 60 years of age. Methods Analysis of the healthy elders from a population-based cohort study in 9 communities of Beijing. Carotid intima-media thickness and atherosclerotic plaques were determined ultrasonographically. Serum testosterone levels were measured by immunoassay. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and logistic regression analysis. Results There was an inverse correlation between testosterone and plaque formation in old females(P<0.01), while no association was found in males. Female with testosterone levels in the lowest quartile(<0.49 nmol/L) had more risk of plaque formation(OR=3.805, P<0.01) after adjusted with age and other traditional factors of atherosclerosis. Conclusion Testosterone concentrations are negatively associated with carotid artery atherosclerosis in old women in Beijing, experimental and prospective studies are needed to determine the possible therapeutic role of testosterone in atherosclerosis.

EFFECT OF MASSOTHERAPY ON THE IN V IVO FREE RADICAL METABOLISM IN PATIENTS WITH PROLAPSE OF LUMBAR INTER VERTEBRAL DISC AND CERVICAL SPONDYLOPATHY

The endogenous free radical scavenger superoxide dismutase (SOD) and blood catalase (CAT) in 2 groups of patients with prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc and cervical spondylopathy were lower than that of the healthy control group, while the -SH reflecting the metabolic disturbance of free radical was higher. After massotherapy, blood SOD and CAT were increased, while lipid peroxide (LPO), -SH in urine were decreased, demon-strating that there are distinct parallel relationships existing in the changes of these enzymes in blood and urine.

Mechanism of Shenling Baizhu powder in treating dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in rats

Objective: To investigate whether Shenling Baizhu powder can inhibit the inflammatory response of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in rats by protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier. Methods: A total of 40 SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (group A), dextran sulfate sodium model group (group B), middle-dose Shenling Baizhu powder group (group C), high-dose Shenling Baizhu powder group (group D) and sulfasalazine group (group E), with 8 rats in each group. In addition to group A, dextran sulfate sodium solution (40 g/L) was added to the drinking water of rats for free drinking. The treatment groups were also given the corresponding dose of Shenling Baizhu powder/sulfasalazine. Body weight, disease activity index(DAI), colon length and intestinal mucosal permeability were measured to evaluate the effect of Shenling Baizhu powder on colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium. The content of interleukin-10(IL-10), interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor(TNF-ɑ) in rat colonic homogenate were analyzed by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The protective effect of Shenling Baizhu powder on intestinal mucosa was discussed. Results: The levels of IL-6 and TNF-ɑ in group B were higher than those in group A (P<0.05), while IL-10 level of group B was lower than that of group A (P<0.05). The levels of TNF-ɑ in groups C, D and E were significantly lower than those in group B (P<0.01), and showed concentration dependence in groups C and D. The levels of IL-6 in groups D and E were significantly lower than those in group B (P<0.05). The levels of IL-10 in groups C, D and E were significantly higher than those in group B (P<0.01), and concentration dependence was observed in groups B and C. Conclusion: Shenling Baizhu powder can protect the intestinal mucosal barrier by regulating the function of cytokines such as IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-ɑ, which alleviate the inflammatory response in rats with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis.

CLINICAL EFFECTS ON 149 CASES OF INFANTILE DIARRHEA TREATED WITH RAPID-STICKING MOXATHERAPY Attaching 35 contrasted cases with western medicine

Of 149 cases.infantile diarrhea were treated with Zhou’s multiapplied rapid-sticking herbomoxa-pen.The main acupoints selected were Auriculoapex,Tianshu(ST 25),Zusanli(ST 36),Shenshu(BL 23),etc.TWO groups were observed,32 cases from the 149 cases as therapid-sticking moxatherapy(RSMT)group who suffered from the acute diarrhea without any thera-peutics before,and the other 35 cases with western medicine as the control group.Results showedthat the recovering rate and the average therapeutic course of healing in RSMT group were higher andshorter than that in control one(P【0.05;P【0.01),even without marked difference of the total ef-fective rates between the two groups(P】0.05).Of 149 cases with RSMT,the therapeutic effect onacute ones was better than those on delayed and chronic ones(P【0.05),yet the difference was notmarked in therapeutic effects between the etiological causes of infections and non-infections(P】 0.0.5).It is therefore worthy of popularizing RSMT due to its remarked curative results without anyside-effect,simply-manipulated and well-accepted features.

Effect of intestinal flora from children with Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura on visceral sensitivity, gastrointestinal hormones and cytokines secretion in pseudo-sterile rats

Objective:To investigate the effect of intestinal flora from Henoch-Schönlein purpura(HSP)on visceral sensitivity,gastrointestinal hormones and cytokines in pseudo-sterile rats.Methods:The pseudo-sterile rat model was established.The rats were was given fecal microbiota solutions of children with abdominal HSP and healthy children,respectively.The visceral sensitivity was determined by abdominal withdrawal reflex(AWR)which was induced by rectal balloon distention in all the rats.And serum gastrin(Gas),motilin(MTL),cholecystokinin(CCK),substance P(SP),tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αand interleukin(IL)-6 levels in rats were measured with ELISA method.Results:The volume of rectum water injection under the score 3 of AWR in the rats administrated with fecal microbiota solution from HSP children(HSP group)was significantly decreased compared with that in the rats administrated with fecal microbiota solution from healthy children(HC group),and there was significant difference between these two groups(P<0.05).The serum Gas,MTL,CCK and SP levels were higher in HSP group than those in HC group.And serum MTL,CCK and SP levels in HSP group were significantly different from those in the HC group.The serum TNF-αandIL-6 levels were higher in HSP group than those in HC group,there was significant difference between these two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:Intestinal flora from HSP can induce the production of visceral sensitivity,inhibit gastrointestinal hormone secretion and prompt cytokine production.

Influence of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the expression of connexin43 and gap junction intercellular communication of the bladder cancer cell lines BIU-87 in vitro

Objective： The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of （-）-epigallocatechin-3-gallate （EGCG, the major phytochemistry component in green tea） on the expression of connexin43 （Cx43） gene and detect the intercellular communication of the human bladder cancer cell lines BIU-87, and explore its possible mechanisms of prevention and cure for the bladder tumor. Methods： The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium and Annexin-V/PI double-labeled flow cytometry methods were used to observe the growth inhibitory rate （IR） and apoptosis rate （AR） of BlU-87 cells treated by EGCG at different concentrations （0, 5, 10 and 20 mg/L）, respectively. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and Western Blotting analysis were employed to detect the relative expression levels of the Cx43 mRNA and its protein. The scrape-loading fluorescence dye transfer method was used to assess the gap junction intercellular communication （GJIC） under fluorescence microscope. Results： EGCG at concentrations （10 and 20 mg/L） both could significantly inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of BIU-87 cells. The IR and AR were （15.67 ± 1.15）%, （18.33 ± 1.53）% and （42.00 ± 4.34）%, （27.33 ± 3.21）%, respectively. And compared with the control groups of 0 mg/L and 5 mg/L （P 〈 0.05）, EGCG could significantly up-regulate the expression of Cx43 mRNA and its protein and enhance the function of BIU-87 cells. The effects had the significant correlation with the dose-dependent of EGCG. Conclusion： EGCG （10, 20 mg/L） could effectively up-regulate Cx43 expression and enhance the GJIC of BlU-87 cells. The results may indicate the effects of EGCG inducing bladder tumor cells apoptosis and inhibiting its growth which provides the experimental evidence for further demonstrating the mechanism of chemical prevention and cure for the bladder tumor by EGCG.

Expression of connexin43 and its correlation with the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

Objective: To study the expression of connexin43 (Cx43) gene and its correlation with the apoptosis related genes Bcl-2 and Bax in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (BTCC), and to investigate the role of Cx43 in the BTCC. Methods: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of Cx43 mRNA and immunocytochemistry technique was used to detect the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in 60 cases of BTCC tissues, and compared with that of 15 cases of pericancerous tissues and 15 cases of normal bladder tissues. Results: The positive expression rate of Cx43 mRNA in 60 cases of BTCC tissues was 43.33% which was significantly lower than that in pericancerous tissues (73.33%) and normal tissues (100%) (χ2 = 17.58, P < 0.01). The expression of Cx43 had significant negative correlation with the pathological degree and lymph node metastasis of BTCC (χ2 = 9.33 and 9.74, respectively, P < 0.01). However, no correlation was found between the expression and patient sex, age, clinical staging and diameter and growth pattern of BTCC (P > 0.05). Expression of Cx43 negatively correlated with Bcl-2 protein (r = -0.63, P < 0.01) and positively correlated with Bax protein (r = 0.52, P < 0.01). Conclusion: The down-regulated expression of Cx43 gene was closely associated with the development, invasion and metastasis of BTCC. It could be used as a prognostic indicator for BTCC. Cx43 gene may have antagonistic effects with Bcl-2 gene and synergic with Bax gene in the initiation and progression of BTCC.

Clinicopathological significance of PTEN,Twist1 and PD1^(+)tumor infiltration lymphocytes in triple negative breast cancer

Objective:To study the prognostic features and relationships of PTEN,Twist1 and PD1+tumor infiltration lymphocytes(TILPD1)in triple negative breast cancer(TNBC)by retrospectively analyzing clinicopathological data from patients and immunohistochemical methods.Methods:Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded(FFPE)specimens of 76 TNBC patients and 46 other subtypes breast cancer patients(NTNBC)were collected in the first affiliated hospital of Bengbu Medical College.These specimen were then immunohistochemically evaluated for expression of PTEN,Twist1 and TILPD1.We also collected clinicopathological features and prognostic data from these patients,who have been followed up regularly through telephone until now.Statistical methods were taken to correlate expression level of different biomarkers and the clinical data.Results:Compared with NTNBC patients,degree of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and Twist1 expression was higher in TNBC patients.In TNBC tissues,PTEN was negatively correlated with Twist1 and TILPD1 expression,Twist1 was positively correlated with TILPD1 expression,and TILPD1 expression was significantly positively correlated with tumor stromal TIL infiltration(P=0.012,0.031,0.019,0.035).In addition,PTEN was negatively correlated with the clinical stage of tumor(P=0.002),and was also correlated with TIL infiltration,tumor metastasis rate and histological grade.Univariate and multivariate survival analyses showed that patients with lower TNM grade,no lymph node or distant metastasis had better clinical prognosis,while PTEN deficiency and TILPD1 overexpression were independent risk factors of patients with TNBC.Conclusion:Our results suggest that PTEN downregulation and TILPD1 overexpression may predict an unfavorable prognosis for TNBC patients.Thus,these two biomarkers present the potential as two prognostic predictor for TNBC.

Effect and mechanism of N-acetylcysteine on adjuvant arthritis rats

Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of N-Acetylcysteine(NAC)on adjuvant arthritis(AA)rats and the changes of Toll-like receptor 2(TLR2)-inflammatory factors.Methods:50 SD rats,randomly divided into 10 control groups,40 AA model group,after 10 d,which were divided into model group,NAC groups gave low,medium and high dose NAC(lavage respectively 50,100,200 mg/kg)for 16 d,joint swelling degree and arthritis index evaluation NAC therapeutic effect on AA rats;Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were used to observe the expression of TLR2 protein in synovial tissue of joints.Serum levels of TNF-α,IL-1βand IL-10 were detected by ELISA.Results:Compared with the control group,the joint swelling and arthritis index in the model group were significant,and the joint swelling and arthritis index in the NAC treatment groups were significantly reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01).The expression of TLR2 protein in the synovial tissue of NAC treatment groups was decreased,inflammatory factors TNF-αand IL-1βwere decreased,and IL-10 was increased(P<0.01).Conclusion:NAC can improve the symptoms of arthritis in AA rats,and its mechanism may be related to inhibition of TLR2 and regulation of downstream inflammatory factor pathways in AA rats.

Classification of and the latest photoelectric therapy for epidermal nevi

An epidermal nevus(EN)is a common disease of various types,including verrucous EN,nevus sebaceous,inflammatory linear verrucous EN,Becker nevus,smooth muscle hamartoma,and nevus comedonicus.EN syndrome is a serious and difficult-to-treat syndrome that is complicated by two or more abnormal organs or systems.To date,the mechanism of an EN is still unclear,and the therapies remain unsatisfactory.The most frequently used treatments are surgery and laser therapy.Several drugs have also been tested.An EN requires more attention,and further research is needed to provide appropriate and effective treatments for each patient.

Effect of Activation of the Ca2+-Permeable Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 1a on Acid-Induced Vascular Endothelial Cell Injury of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Children

Acidosis in local environment plays a critical role in cell injury. One key mediator of acidosis-induced cell injury is the acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), particularly ASIC1a. Herein, we investigated the role of ASIC1a in acid-induced vascular endothelial cell injury of Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) children. Acid-induced ASIC1a, Calpain and Calcineurin expression in vascular endothelial cells pretreated with IgA1 isolated from HSP were detected by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot methods, respectively. Cell cytotoxicity was measured by interleukin-8 and nitric oxide production with ELISA. The results showed acid-induced ASIC1a, Calpain and Calcineurin expression in cells increased, especially at PH6.5. The cytotoxicity of vascular endothelial cells was increased by extracellular acidosis. Moreover non-specific or specific blockers of ASIC1a, Amiloride and PcTX-1 could remarkably decrease these parameters. These findings show that increased [Ca2+]i, mediated via ASIC1a, might contribute to acid-induced vascular endothelial cell injury of HSP.

IgA1 from HSP Patients Trigger Apoptosis and Inhibit Cytoskeletal Proteins in HUVEC

Background: Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is a kind of systemic small vessel vasculitis in children. Endothelium cells injury induced by IgA1 is considered important in the pathogenesis of HSP. Research found that the apoptosis of vein endothelial cells was related to the vasculitis in HSP patients. Purpose: To observe the effect of IgA1 from HSP patients on the apoptosis of HUVEC and firstly analyze the mechanism of the apoptosis of HUVEC induced by IgA1. Methods: HUVECs were cultured in 3 different conditional media with IgA1 from HSP patients, normal healthy children and simply medium (blank control). Serum IgA1 was purified by jacalin affinity chromatography. The rates of apoptosis in HUVEC incubated with IgA1 were determined by TUNEL method and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression of the cytoskeletal proteins, such as FAK, Vinculin and MLCK was detected with the methods of Real-time PCR and Westernblot, respectively. Results: The present study showed that the apoptosis rate of HUVEC by IgA1 isolated from HSP patients was higher than blank control (14.77% ± 2.23% vs 2.25% ± 0.77%) (P < 0.01) and the rate of HUVEC by IgA1 from normal healthy children was higher than blank control (9.97% ± 1.48% vs 2.25% ± 0.77%) (P < 0.01). The cytoskeletal proteins, such as FAK, Vinculin and MLCK expression were down-regulated in HUVEC co-cultured with IgA1 isolated from HSP patients for 24h. Conclusion: These findings firstly on IgA1 from HSP patients may induce apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells through inhibiting the cytoskeletal proteins expression. IgA1 may accelerate progression of HSP by inducing apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells.

Potential protective effects of the water-soluble Chinese propolis on experimental ulcerative colitis

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the outcome of Chinese water-soluble propolis(WSP) on the inflammatory response and oxidative stress(OS) of colonic mucosa in rats with ulcerative colitis. METHODS: Dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) was employed to establish the ucerative colitis(UC) rat model. Fortyeight male rats were arbitrarily separated into six groups, namely control, UC, low-dose water-soluble propolis(LWSP), medium-dose water-soluble propolis(M-WSP), high-dose water-soluble propolis(H-WSP), and sulfasalazine(Sulfa). In this study, we adopted a method of pre-administration and reconstruction of the model that assessed the water-soluble propolis mediated protection against DSS-induced UC rats. Moreover, we examined the body weight(BW), disease activity index(DAI), bloody stool, colon length, and intestinal mucosal injury index of rats. In addition, using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays, we assessed indicators, such as, colonic myeloperoxidase(MPO), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-9(IL-9), tumor necrosis factor-ɑ(TNF-ɑ), superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde, and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) levels. RESULTS: The pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, as well as OS, was increased in the model rats. However, upon WSP intervention, both pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and OS reduced dramatically, and the therapeutic effect was dose-dependent. CONCLUSION: WSP downregulates OS by enhancing the function of endogenous antioxidant enzymes like SOD and GSH-Px, that inhibit neutrophil activity, as well as diminish pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-ɑ, IL-6, and IL-9, along with mechanisms that attenuate intestinal inflammation in UC rat model.

Danzhi Jiangtang capsule(丹蛭降糖胶囊) alleviate hyperglycemiaand periodontitis via Wnt/β-catenin signaling in diabetic rats

OBJECTIVE:To elucidate whether Danzhi Jiangtang capsule(丹蛭降糖胶囊,DJC)has treatment effects on diabetic periodontitis and the potential mechanism.METHODS:One week after the induction of diabetes by streptozotocin(STZ),60 male Wistar rats were ligated by orthodontic ligation thread in cervical portion of bilateral maxillary first molar to induce diabetic periodontitis.Periodontitis was exanimated by tooth tissue morphology after 4 weeks.And then all rats were divided into 5 groups:diabetic periodontitis group(DP,n=20),periodontal basic treatment group(DP+BT,n=20),periodontal basic treatment+DJC treatment group(DP+BT+DJC,n=20)and additional Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor group(DP+BT+DJC+WIKI4/21 H7,n=20).Eight weeks after different interventions,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),C-peptide and glycosylated hemoglobin(Hb Alc)of rats were measured and then all rats were sacrificed.The paraffin sections of periodontal tissue were executed hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and immunohistochemical examination.The m RNA and protein levels of inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Q-PCR)and Western blotting(WB).The protein levels of Wnt/β-catenin signaling molecules were measured by WB.RESULTS:The blood glucose and C-peptide concentrations in DP,DP+BT and DP+BT+DJC groups were gradually reduced,with gradually decreased distance of CEJ-A and the percentage of periodontal ligament(PDL),as well as gradually increased Hb Alc.The number of monocytes and leukocytes in the junctional epithelium and periodontal connective tissue was markedly decreased in DP+BT+DJC group(P<0.05),which was slightly reduced in DP+BT group comparing to DP group.The protein levels of Wnt1 andβ-catenin were obviously up-regulated with DJC treatment,while the SOST and DDK1 were markedly down-regulated with DJC treatment.The expression levels of BGP were lowest in DP group and highest in DP+BT+DJC group,while the tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interferon-γ(IFN-γ)and metalloproteinase-3(MMP-3)were highest in DP group and lowest in DP+BT+DJC group.All these changes could be reversed by Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor.CONCLUSION:DJC can improve the hyperglycemia and both distal alveolar bone loss and alveolar bone loss in furcation area of diabetic periodontitis rats by reducing the inflammation of gingival tissue and regulating the expressions of BGP,TNF-α,IFN-γand MMP-3 potentially through Wnt/β-catenin signaling.