Production of Dried Lactobacillus plantarum HL-15 Culture for Inhibition Growth of Mycotoxin Producing Fungi

Lactobacillus plantarum HL-15 is able to inhibit the growth of mycotoxin producing fungi.To support the application of that culture,the research aimed to produce dried L.plantarum HL-15 and observe its stability during storage was conducted.Production of dried culture was started by fermentation of L.plantarum HL-15 then centrifuged to get the pellet.The pellet was mixed with filler(rice flour or tapioca)with a ratio 1:1(pellet:filler(10%),v/v)then dried.The temperature of the inlet and outlet of the spray dryer used were 105°C and 65°C,respectively.Dried culture was packaged in aluminum foil and sealed then stored at 4°C.Results showed that viable cells of dried inoculum with rice flour filler was 11.99±0.01 log CFU/g and dried inoculum with tapioca filler was 11.90±0.04 log CFU/g.Spray dried L.Plantarum HL-15 was proved being able to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus niger.During six months storage,there is a decrease in the viability of spray dried L.plantarum HL-15 either with rice flour or tapioca filler.During four months of storage,there was a decrease in the activity of inhibition of spray dried culture of L.plantarum HL-15 both with fillers of rice flour and tapioca to the growth of A.niger.L.plantarum HL-15 spray dried cultures could be stored at 4°C for four months for tapioca and five months for rice flour as filler.L.plantarum HL-15 spray dried cultures could inhibit the growth of A.niger so it could be used as a culture for inhibiting the growth of mycotoxin producing fungi in food.

The Relationship of the Population Density of Larvae Spodoptera litura with the Leaf Damage and Decrease of Seed Yield for Soybean,Indonesia

This study aimed to illuminate the relationship of population density of larvae on the level of leaf damage and declining seed yields in some varieties of soybeans that have been implemented in Maros Experimental Garden from April to August,2016.The experiment consisted of four population densities,i.e.,0,2,4 and 6 larvae instar-3 per plant and three soybean varieties,i.e.,Anjasmoro,Argomulyo and Grobogan.The experiment was conducted in split plot design with varieties as main plot and population densities of larvae as subplot treatment with five replications.The results showed that the damage attack highest for Anjasmoro from 20.19%to 28.61%,Argomulyo from 14.68%to 21.18%and Grobogan from 13.28%to 18.00%.So the seed yields,the highest for Argomulyo 14.50 g/plant and lowest was for Grobogan 12.55 g/plant.The relation between population density of larvae and leaf damage intensity of Spodoptera litura in three days after investation(DAI)follows an equation,Anjasmoro,Y=8.587x and r=0.9583,Argomulyo,Y=6.251x and r=0.9558,and Grobogan,Y=5.45x and r=0.9459.The relationship between larval density population and the level of leaf damage in 6 DAI follows a regression equation,Anjasmoro,Y=8.174x and r=0.96107,Argomulyo,Y=6.392x and r=0.9609,and Grobogan,Y=5.977x and r=0.9626.The relationship between larvae population density and the level of leaf damage in 9 DAI follows a regression equation,Anjasmoro,Y=5.8879x and r=0.9358,Argomulyo,Y=4.3671x and r=0.954685,and Grobogan,Y=3.917x and r=0.9467.The declining seed yield caused by addition one larvae of S.litura,the highest on Anjasmoro variety(0.80 g/plant or 6.04%)and the lowest on Argomulyo(0.65 g/plant or 4.48%).

Characteristic of Chocolate Candy Produced from Fermented Cocoa Bean with Lactobacillus plantarum HL-15 Starter Culture for Inhibition Growth of Mycotoxin-Producing Fungi

Chocolate candy is a snack product that is liked by many people.The presence of mycotoxin producing fungi is a problem in chocolate product.The objective of this research was to observe the characteristic of chocolate candy which is produced from fermented cocoa bean with Lactobacillus plantarum HL-15 starter culture.The cocoa bean(47.5 kg)is fermented by adding L.plantarum HL-15 culture about 500 mL(10^10 CFU/mL)in the new and old fermentation box and in another new and old fermentation box without adding culture.Chocolate candy processing is done based on standard processing of chocolate candy.The results showed that the addition of L.plantarum HL-15 culture in cocoa bean fermentation and use of the new fermentation box give lower fungi concentration on chocolate candy,reducing 1 log cycle from 1.7×10^3 to<10^2 colony/g,while the addition of L.plantarum HL-15 culture in the old fermentation box is not effect.The average aw value of chocolate candy is 0.64 and pH value is 6.7.Fat content of chocolate candy is about 44.9%-46.2%.

缺钙胁迫下花生植株的傅里叶红外光谱研究

钙(Ca)是植物必需营养元素之一,对植物的生长、发育与生理代谢等起着重要作用。缺钙会减少作物的产量,降低品质,因此影响经济价值。花生(Arachis hypogaea)是对缺钙很敏感的作物。试验选取LH11与YZ9102两个花生品种为供试作物,待花生幼苗长出第一片真叶以后,转移至营养液中,分别在三个钙处理(0,0.01和2.0mmol·L-1)下培养28d,随后取样分析花生幼苗生长情况与钙吸收,并利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)检测花生苗期植株不同器官的特征吸收峰,研究缺钙胁迫下花生苗期植株体内的化学组分变化。试验结果表明:在0和0.01 mmol·L-1钙处理下,花生品种YZ9102并未出现缺钙症状,但是品种LH11缺钙症状明显:叶片变小、植株变矮、茎尖顶端生长点坏死,基部侧枝数增多。品种YZ9102植株体内与LH11相比较,有较高的钙浓度与钙积累量。0和0.01mmol·L-1的钙缺钙营养液培养下,品种LH11根系钙积累量在整个植株中所占比例较高,而品种YZ9102在叶中钙积累比例较高。与正常钙供应处理相比,缺钙胁迫下,品种LH11根、茎、叶FTIR谱在1 060,1 380,1 655,2 922和3 420cm-1波长附近透射率较高,表明缺钙胁迫下花生幼苗植株体内蛋白质、糖类和脂类等组分明显降低,但品种YZ9102受到缺钙胁迫影响较小。品种YZ9102比LH11更耐缺钙胁迫。

Reproductive responses of rice field rats(Rattus argentiventer)following treatment with the contraceptive hormones,quinestrol and levonorgestrol

The ricefield rat,Rattus argentiventer,is a significant pest of rice in Southeast Asia.Fertility control methods have the potential to provide safe and effective alternatives to control methods that often include indiscriminate use of rodenticides or electric barriers.The aim of this laboratory study was to assess uptake of bait coated with different concentrations of the contraceptive hormones,quinestrol(E)and levonorgestrel(P),delivered alone and in combination(i.e.EP-1)and determine the short-term effects on reproductive parameters of adult male and female R.argentiventer.In Experiment 1,2 concentrations of E,P,and EP-1(10,20 ppm)were fed to groups of wild-caught rats for 7 days.In females,both E and EP-1 induced uterine edema.In males,EP-1 reduced epididymis and seminal vesicle weights and lowered sperm motility.However,these responses were inconsistent due to low bait acceptance,especially with increasing concentrations.In Experiment 2,EP-1(0,20,50,100 ppm)was administered by oral gavage daily for 7 days to male R.argentiventer.There were significant reductions in epididymal and seminal vesicle weights for all oral doses of EP-1,in sperm counts for the 50 ppm dose,and in sperm motility for the 20 and 50 ppm doses compared to the control group.To select the optimum dose of EP-1,we must address the poor acceptance of contraceptive-coated baits by ricefield rats.Further research is required to improve the palatability of EP-1 and to test its uptake underfield conditions.