Effective Management of Performance Based Maintenance Contracts(PBMC)by Adopting Asset Management Concepts

PBMC(performance-based maintenance contracts)provides incentives and/or disincentives to the contractor to achieve desired outcomes or results.In other words,the concept of PBMC is to pay a contractor based on the actual results(performance or LOS(level of service)),not on the performed work.PBMC does not detail to the contractor how,when,or where to do the work.Instead,it specifies performance standards or targets for measurable outcomes and sometimes outputs.There are several benefits from implementing PBMC.Higher LOS,i.e.,better quality,potential reduction in agency costs and downsized maintenance workforce are among these benefits.Also,there are several challenges facing the implementation of PBMC.One of the most complex challenges that relates to both the agency and contractor,and in some cases to the public,is how to manage LOS in an objective manner and to demonstrate that policy goals and objectives regarding quality of life expectancy are achieved without any increase in the LCC(life cycle cost)of the assets.This challenge,along with many other challenges,can be addressed through the adoption of an AM(asset management)approach.AM approach facilitates the long-term planning based on the current and future conditions and desired LOS.In addition,AM provides the necessary tools to objectively monitor LOS,and hence the contractor performance,which will contribute to the success of the implementation of PBMC.

数字技术如何助力供应链碳减排——基于国网浙江电力的案例研究

全球气候变暖问题加剧,数字技术被认为是数字经济时代推动经济社会碳减排的关键抓手。本文从数字网络赋能的商业创新循环(N EBIC)理论视角出发,以国网浙江电力为研究对象,探究了数字技术助推供应链碳减排的过程机制及数字技术发挥的独特作用。研究发现,数字技术通过协助识别供应链数字化运营网络、动员数字化关系网络、聚合数字化知识网络和促成数字化价值网络这四个环节来助推供应链碳减排。本文提炼了数字技术推动供应链碳减排机制的理论模型,洞察了数字技术在推进供应链碳减排过程中所发挥的反映赋能和能动使能的独特双重作用,明晰了数字技术对供应链多方关系形态重构的影响,以及对供应链碳减排知识外溢和信用外溢的关键作用。本文深化了碳中和愿景下数字技术对供应链碳减排的作用机制的探索。

Performance Characterization of CR/PU Asphalt for Potential Application in Assembled Fast-Repairing Engineering

Conventional repairing methods for asphalt pavement have some inconveniences,such as insufficient strength,and are typically time-consuming.To address these issues,this study proposes a new technological method to design and prepare a high-performance assembled asphalt concrete block for fast repair of the potholes.A series of composite modified asphalt binders with 10%crumb rubber(CR)and different dosages(0%,1%,3%,5%)of polyurethane(PU)are examined to determine the optimized binder.Subsequently,the corresponding asphalt mixtures are prepared for further comparison and assessment of engineering properties,such as moistureinduced damage,high-temperature deformation,and low-temperature cracking characteristics.The test results show that PU can significantly improve the high-temperature performance and hardness of(crumb rubber modified asphalt)CRMA binder;3%PU contributes allowing the resistance of CRMA mixture to moisture-induced damage at higher levels,particularly under water whole immersion;as 3%PU is added,the high-temperature rutting deformation resistance of the CRMA mixture increases significantly,and the low-temperature anti-cracking properties are also improved slightly.Therefore,the innovatively designed high-quality assembled fast-repairing asphalt concrete block is recommended as an appropriate option for highway maintenance.

Physical-Rheological Properties and Performances of Rejuvenated(Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene)Asphalt with Polymerized-MDI and Aromatic Oil

Traditional asphalt rejuvenators,like aromatic oil(AO),are known to be effective in improving the low-temperature properties and fatigue performances of aged SBS(styrene-butadiene-styrene)modified asphalt(SBSMA)binders and mixtures.However,these rejuvenators inevitably compromise their high-temperature properties and deformation resistances because they dilute asphalt binder but do not fix the damaged structures of aged SBS.In this study,a highly-active chemical called polymerized 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate(PMDI)was used to assist the traditional AO asphalt rejuvenator.The physical and rheological characteristics of rejuvenated SBSMA binders and the moisture-induced damage and rut deformation performances of corresponding mixtures were comparatively evaluated.The results showed that the increasing proportion of AO compromises the hightemperature property and hardness of aged SBSMA binder,and an appropriate amount of PMDI works to compensate such losses;3%rejuvenator at mass ratio of AO:PMDI=70:30 can have a rejuvenated SBSMA binder with a high-temperature performance similar to that of fresh binder,approximately at 71.4°C;the use of AO can help reduce the viscosity of PMDI rejuvenated SBSMA binder for improving its workability;PMDI can help improve the resistance of AO rejuvenated SBSMA binder to deformation,especially at elevated temperatures,through its chemical reactions with aged SBS;moisture induction can enhance the resistance to damage of rejuvenated mixtures containing AO/PMDI or only PMDI;and the rejuvenator with a mass ratio of AO:PMDI=70:30 can lead the rejuvenated mixture to meet the application requirement,with a rut depth of only 2.973 mm,although more PMDI can result in a higher resistance of rejuvenated mixtures to high-temperature deformation.

A Research Conception on Indigenous Chinese Leadership:Based on Comparative Case Studies on Political Elites in Ancient China

Due to the complexity of leadership and its variability across situations,it is suggested that research on leadership should focus on attempts to understand leadership in specific situations or roles,and develop local knowledge about leadership in each situation or role.This paper validates the possibility and importance of building indigenous leadership theories from historical perspective.We demonstrated how to carry out research on indigenous Chinese leadership from a historical perspective by comparative case studies using historical data.Based on the principles of typicalness,representativeness,and comparativeness,we selected six counterparts of political elites in ancient China as comparative cases,which includes Guan Zhong&Shang Yang(organizational reformer),Liu Bang&Xiang Yu(entrepreneur),Li Shimin&Qin Shihuang(intergenerational transition successor),Zhuge Liang&Zeng Guofan(professional manager),Lu Su&Zhang Juzheng(mess-to-order maker),and Zuo Zongtang&Wang Anshi(national dream driver).The paper aims to develop indigenous leadership theory specific to Chinese mental states and culture.

Temporally Preserving Latent Variable Models:Offline and Online Training for Reconstruction and Interpretation of Fault Data for Gearbox Condition Monitoring

Latent variable models can effectively determine the condition of essential rotating machinery without needing labeled data.These models analyze vibration data via an unsupervised learning strategy.Temporal preservation is necessary to obtain an informative latent manifold for the fault diagnosis task.In a temporalpreserving context,two approaches exist to develop a condition-monitoring methodology:offline and online.For latent variable models,the available training modes are not different.While many traditional methods use offline training,online training can dynamically adjust the latent manifold,possibly leading to better fault signature extraction from the vibration data.This study explores online training using temporal-preserving latent variable models.Within online training,there are two main methods:one focuses on reconstructing data and the other on interpreting the data components.Both are considered to evaluate how they diagnose faults over time.Using two experimental datasets,the study confirms that models from both training modes can detect changes in machinery health and identify faults even under varying conditions.Importantly,the complementarity of offline and online models is emphasized,reassuring their versatility in fault diagnostics.Understanding the implications of the training approach and the available model formulations is crucial for further research in latent variable modelbased fault diagnostics.

Research on Management Method of Geological Disaster Prevention and Cure Project in Chongqing City

As everyone knows,China has come to being one of the countries deserved paying attention to it‘s geological disaster which become seriously.Not only protect people’s lives,property and foundation against destroyed but also ensure the continuable development of country’s economy and society,some must be taken.Therefore efficiency and equitableness system should be set up.According to the peculiarity of prevention measure against geological disaster,the emphases of the system were intensively studied.Beside this,the paper focused more attention on the methods of enhanced financing and analyzed keystones of some financing different finance channel.Integrating the peculiar of the Chongqing city and referencing some other engineering items,some means were summarized such as reinforcing essential investigation and confirming danger point of geological disaster.Based on this,forecast should be intensified and the procedure of disposal must be developed.

大类资产配置的时代意义和理论框架

纵观中外历史,没有任何一项资产能在长期持续跑赢另一项资产。随着经济进入新常态,我国房地产过去几乎单边上涨的行情将难重现。而随着刚兑打破,理财产品的高收益也将风光不再。因此,在不同资产之间分散风险,也即大类资产配置决策的重要性越发凸显。文章基于这一时代背景,对资产配置的必要性和必然性进行了深入剖析,并对资产配置的理论框架进行了系统梳理。

Using structure restoration maps to comprehensively identify potential faults and fractures in compressional structures

Faults and fractures of multiple scales are frequently induced and generated in compressional structural system. Comprehensive identification of these potential faults and fractures that cannot be distinguished directly from seismic profile of the complex structures is still an unanswered problem. Based on the compressional structural geometry and kinematics theories as well as the structural interpretation from seismic data, a set of techniques is established for the identification of potential faults and fractures in compressional structures. Firstly, three-dimensional(3D) patterns and characteristics of the faults directly interpreted from seismic profile were illustrated by 3D structural model. Then, the unfolding index maps, the principal structural curvature maps, and tectonic stress field maps were obtained from structural restoration. Moreover, potential faults and fractures in compressional structures were quantitatively identified relying on comprehensive analysis of these three maps. Successful identification of the potential faults and fractures in Mishrif limestone formation and in Asmari dolomite formation of Buzurgan anticline in Iraq demonstrates the applicability and reliability of these techniques.

ZrO_2-modified Ni/LaAl_(11)O_(18) catalyst for CO methanation: Effects of catalyst structure on catalytic performance

We report Ni/LaHA@ZrO2catalysts prepared by a facile modified successive adsorption and reaction method for CO methanation.N2adsorption,X‐ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,H2temperature‐programmed reduction,H2temperature‐programmed desorption,X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry were used to characterize the samples.The results indicated that the ZrO2nanoparticles were distributed over the surface of the Ni/LaHA@ZrO2catalyst and even partially covered some Ni particles,resulting in the coating exerting a confinement effect.The excess ZrO2had an adverse effect on the enhancement of CO conversion because of the coverage of the surface Ni particles;however,the Ni/LaHA@ZrO2catalyst displayed much higher CH4selectivity than Ni/LaHA because of the activation of the byproduct CO2molecules by ZrO2species.Therefore,even though20Ni/LaHA@ZrO2‐5exhibited similar CO conversion as20Ni/LaHA,the use of the former resulted in a higher CH4yield than the use of the latter.A107‐h‐lifetime test revealed that the Ni/LaHA@ZrO2catalyst was highly stable with superior anti‐sintering and anti‐coking properties because of its coating structure and the promoter effect of ZrO2.

Water Quality Model Establishment for Middle and Lower Reaches of Hanshui River,China

With the development of industry and agriculture,nitrogen,phosphorus and other nutrients in the Hanshui River greatly increase and eutrophication has become an important threat to the water quality of the Hanshui River,especially in the middle and lower reaches.The primary objective of this study was to establish the water quality model for the middle and lower reaches of the Hanshui River based on the model of MIKE 11.The main pollutants migration and transformation process could be simulated using the water quality model.The rainfall-runoff model,hy-drodynamic model and water quality model were established using MIKE 11.The pollutants,such as chemical oxygen demand(COD),biochemical oxygen demand(BOD),ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,phosphorus,dissolved oxy-gen(DO),were simulated and predicted using the above three models.A set of methods computing non-point source pollution load of the Hanshui River Basin was proposed in this study.The simulated and observed values of COD,BOD5,ammonia,nitrate,DO,and total phosphorus were compared after the parameter calibration of the water quality model.The simulated and observed results match better,thus the model can be used to predict water quality in the fu-ture for the Hanshui River.The pollution trend could be predicted using the water quality model according pollution load generation.It is helpful for government to take effective measures to prevent the water bloom and protect water quality in the river.

Modes of Shale-Gas Enrichment Controlled by Tectonic Evolution

The typical characteristics of shale gas and the enrichment differences show that some shale gases are insufficiently explained by the existing continuous enrichment mode. These shale gases include the Wufeng–Longmaxi shale gas in the Jiaoshiba and Youyang Blocks, the Lewis shale gas in the San Juan Basin. Further analysis reveals three static subsystems（hydrocarbon source rock, gas reservoirs and seal formations） and four dynamic subsystems（tectonic evolution, sedimentary sequence, diagenetic evolution and hydrocarbon-generation history） in shale-gas enrichment systems. Tectonic evolution drives the dynamic operation of the whole shale-gas enrichment system. The shale-gas enrichment modes controlled by tectonic evolution are classifiable into three groups and six subgroups. Group I modes are characterized by tectonically controlled hydrocarbon source rock, and include continuous in-situ biogenic shale gas（Ⅰ_1） and continuous in-situ thermogenic shale gas（Ⅰ_2）. Group Ⅱ modes are characterized by tectonically controlled gas reservoirs, and include anticline-controlled reservoir enrichment（Ⅱ_1） and fracture-controlled reservoir enrichment（Ⅱ_2）. Group Ⅲ modes possess tectonically controlled seal formations, and include faulted leakage enrichment（Ⅲ_1） and eroded residual enrichment（Ⅲ_2）. In terms of quantity and exploitation potential, Ⅰ_1 and Ⅰ_2 are the best shale-gas enrichment modes, followed by Ⅱ_1 and Ⅱ_2. The least effective modes are Ⅲ_1 and Ⅲ_2. The categorization provides a different perspective for deep shale-gas exploration.

State of the Art and Emerging Trends in Operations and Maintenance of Offshore Oil and Gas Production Facilities:Some Experiences and Observations

Plant maintenance has been a discipline that has gradually evolved with the industrial revolution. For quite some time, it has been a ＂necessary evil＂ in production, manufacturing, and process settings. The changing business needs and industrial conditions have had various impacts on the maintenance process, particularly over the last few years. While some industries have inherent difficulties seeing what maintenance is all about, others have begun to add more flavor to the organizational maintenance practices. This article brings an overview of developments within the offshore oil and gas production sector.

Treatment of Biogas Slurry: One of Products of Sludge Anaerobic Digestion

The production of urban sludge is huge,and the anaerobic digestion of sludge is one of the important methods for sludge treatment at home and abroad.The products of sludge digestion can be further used as resources.In this study,biogas slurry,as one of products of sludge digestion,was deeply treated by intermittent and continuous aeration,and the feasibility of using biogas slurry in land was discussed.Meanwhile,the processing cost was analyzed.This study can provide support for the deep utilization of sludge digestion products.

A Review of the DCP-DN Pavement Design Method for Low Volume Sealed Roads: Development and Applications

Widespread implementation of the DCP-DN design method for low volume roads has been promoted internationally over the past decade or so. The method has progressed from a simple determination of the in situ CBR investigation based on DCP-CBR correlations with respective cover requirements to a more sophisticated method using the DCP penetration data directly and omitting any need to use correlations with the CBR. This paper summarises the development of the method, and some of its advantages and compares the design structures with other recognised and widely implemented designs.

The Study of BIM-Based MRT Structural Inspection System

The Taipei MRT （Metropolitan Rapid Transit） system has been operated since 1996. Facing the challenge of safety and sustainability of MRT, it is urgent to develop a structural inspection strategy and maintenance system based on the concept of life cycle management. In the mean while, BIM （Building Information Modeling） has become an emerging technology in the architecture and construction industries. BIM utilizes the 3D （3 Dimensions） CAD objects to simulate the real word building elements and with the ability to maintain life cycle information for a building. BIM is an ideal tool and platform for developing an inspection and maintenance system. The goal of this research is to establish a MRT structural inspection system concept based on BIM and life cycle management. In this study, a BIM model of shield tunnel was established to demonstrate the integration of 3D CAD with inspection records. A MRT structural maintenance database, which includes structural deterioration types, inspection records, and repair methods, was designed to interact with the BIM. An inspection prototype system was designed and implemented to perform the MRT structural inspection. The proposed system was designed with mobile-side and server-side systems. The mobile-side system was designed to perform on mobile devices such as tablet computer or smart phones with the ability to mark defects on BIM, as well as to fill in inspection sheets and photos; the server-side system can assign inspection tasks, maintains all inspection records, automatically output inspection reports, and analyze the database to prioritize all maintenance tasks.

Employed Farmers in the Pearl River Delta and Related Issues

As a special weak group in agricultural floating population,employed farmers make special historic contribution to socio-economic development of the Pearl River Delta.However,employed farmers are faced with survival difficulties,which lead to a series of social issues.From historical origin,current situations and social issues,we put forward countermeasures to solve problems of employed farmers:solve the household registration of employed farmers;raise the compensation standard of land expropriation and demolition;cancel the admission threshold;provide reemployment guidance;and establish management funds of employed farmers.

Estimates of three classical summations on the spaces F_p^(α,q)(R^n)(0 < p ≤ 1)

We obtain the boundedness on Fp^α,q（R^n）for the Poisson summation and Gauss summation. Their maximal operators are proved to be bounded from Fp^α,q（R^n）to L∞（R^n）For the maximal operator of the Bochner-Riesz summation, we prove that it is bounded from Fp^α,q（R^n）to L n-pα/pn,（0〈p≤ 1）∞（R^n）.

Design and Implementation of Linux Access Control Model

In this paper,the design and implementation of an access control model for Linux system are discussed in detail. The design is based on the RBAC model and combines with the inherent characteristics of the Linux system,and the support for the process and role transition is added.The core idea of the model is that the file is divided into different categories,and access authority of every category is distributed to several roles.Then,roles are assigned to users of the system,and the role of the user can be transited from one to another by running the executable file.

Developing Chinese Heavy Truck Industry

Strong economic recovery=Great opportunity in heavy trucks Based on the four trillion investment expansionary fiscal policy and the loose monetary policy,China's economy is stimulated.Meanwhile,the CITIC Securities Research Dept. estimated that the economic growth will be better than expected in 2009 and 2010.Macro-economic expectations