Sea Cucumber Fishery in Aurora, Philippines

This study was conducted to provide a preliminary assessment of the sea cucumber fishery in Aurora, Philippines. This was conducted from February to June 2013. All sea cucumber gatherers and traders, obtained through snowball sampling, in each identified sea cucumber fishery area in six coastal municipalities (Baler, Dipaculao, Dinalungan, Casiguran, Dilasag and Dingalan) were interviewed using a structured interview schedule and focused group discussions (FGD). Results revealed that gathering sea cucumbers were accomplished by handpicking, skin diving or compressor diving. A total of 15 commercial species were regularly gathered. Out of this, three species are of very high economic value (≥Php 4000/kg) (Holothuria nobilis, Holothuria scabra, and Actinopyga lecanora). The average number of kilograms harvested per hour per trip ranges from 0.21 (Holothuria fuscopunctata) to 2.71 (Holothuria scabra), while the average size of commonly gathered sea cucumber varies among species with Holothuria lecanora showed an average length (29.26 cm) greater than recorded 24 cm. Processing mainly involves washing, slicing, boiling, drying and packing. Processed sea cucumbers or trepan were sold to middlemen or direct buyers who usually offered higher prices (36.36% up to 69.20%) than the former. Problems encountered by sea cucumber gatherers and traders include a decline in total catch, a shift in area of collection from intertidal zones to deeper waters, an increase in the number of hours spent in finding and gathering sea cucumbers, the use of compressors in gathering, the decline of larger species and gathering of smaller sizes in huge amount, the absence of conservation program for sea cucumber, and the lenient implementation of government policies with regards to coastal resources management.

Biodiversity Assessment of Avifauna in the Forest Reservation of Aurora State College of Technology (ASCOT), Philippines

The research study was conducted to assess and quantify the current status of avifauna biodiversity assets of Aurora State College of Technology’s Forest Reservation in Baler, Aurora, Philippines. Assessment of avifaunal diversity was undertaken by traversing the four established circular plots having a radius of 125 meters or 250 meters diameters each as permanent monitoring stations. Study revealed a total number of 151 Individual species, classified into 23 genera and 21 families. Eighteen of these species are endemic while the remaining five were fully migrated birds. All birds observed were classified as Least Concern (LC) species according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened Species and the updated list of the Birds of the World online. Its abundance, richness and diversity index were calculated using Shannon Diversity Index (H') while Pielou’s evenness (J') for distribution of species. Forest reservation of ASCOT has more even (0.756 J') and moderate diversity (2.812 H') observation on avifauna in general. However, this avian population evaluation was threatened into a verge of extinction due to natural and anthropological threats that causes forest deforestation. Such deforestation of habitat causes dwindling of wildlife territory leading to the scarcity of bird’s population. Thus, the assessment was conducted to aid ASCOT administration find significant plans to ensure sustainable conservation and protection of the remaining avifauna species in the reservation area.

Waterbirds in the Wetlands of Casiguran, Aurora, Philippines

The wetlands of Casiguran, Aurora, Philippines are primarily the source of livelihood for most of the coastal communities of the area. However, this also serves as a feeding ground for many of the migratory and resident waterbirds. There are waterbird species occurring in the area that need protection but only a few studies of these species exist. This study was conducted from February to March 2019 to census and identify the water birds present in the study site, determine the conservation status and index of abundance of identified waterbirds, and describe their habitat association. Based on the result, 18 waterbird species in five families were present in the area. Family Ardeidae had six representative species, Family Charadriidae had five representative species, Family Scolopacidae had five representative species while only one species represents the Family Anatidae and Family Rallidae. Two waterbird species observed (Anas luzonica and Egretta eulophotes) were listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as vulnerable and another species (Numerius madagascariensis) was listed as endangered. In terms of abundance, Intermediate Egret (Egretta intermedia) was revealed as the most abundant (94.68%) among waterbirds. Different waterbird species prefer specific habitats. Some usually frequent freshwater and saltwater habitats, including mangroves, open sea, and watercourses inside forests while some were observed in mudflats, and rice fields during the survey.

光纤传输O波段的波分复用技术——Aurora Networks O波段技术白皮书

1引言 在当今市场中，有线电视运营商只有给客户提供最优质的服务，才能确保自己在日益激烈的竞争中脱颖而出。随着用户对高清电视（HDTV）、视频点播（VOD）及高速数据业务的需求不断加大，扩展使用带宽就成为运营商面临的主要问题。但是，带宽的扩展意味着成本的增加，因此，如何实现性价比最高的带宽升级方案就成为竞争的焦点。

Diversity Assessment of Tree Species in Sitio Dicasalarin, Barangay Zabali, Baler, Aurora, Philippines

This paper provides the diversity assessment of the tree species in Sitio Dicasalarin, Barangay Zabali, Baler, Aurora including the endemism and ecological status. A total of 2239 individuals from 139 morphospecies, 87 genera and 46 families were recorded. A total of 48 Philippine endemic species and 2 Aurora Endemic species were found and at least 29 threatened species were listed either in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and Philippine List of Threatened Species. Results of the tree diversity showed that the area is highly diverse being a well-protected and well-managed area.

Species Distribution, Diversity, and Abundance of Sea Cucumbers in Tropical Intertidal Zones of Aurora, Philippines

The distribution, diversity, and abundance of sea cucumbers in intertidal zones of Aurora were studied from February to June 2013 to obtain baseline data. A one-hour timed-search survey covering an approximate one kilometer over a ten-meter wide area was conducted in six coastal municipalities to obtain a comprehensive list of sea cucumber species found in the zones. Only four sampling stations (Baler, Dipaculao, Dilasag, and Dingalan) were selected for belt transect survey, 50 × 50 m, based on the availability of coralline, sandy, muddy sand, and rocky habitats which were laid perpendicular and parallel to each intertidal zone. Timed-search survey revealed a total of 15 species of sea cucumbers distributed among two Orders (Order Aspidochirotida and Order Apodida) and four Families (Family Holothuriidae, Family Stichopodidae, Family Synaptidae, and Family Chirotidae) were recorded. Synapta maculata is most common and has widespread distribution. Belt-tranect surveys showed Holothuria leucospilota is among the most frequently occurring species both during day time (58%) and night time (75%). The Dilasag sampling station had the most diverse species (0.71) while the Dipaculao sampling station had the densest species of Holothuria leucospilota (10,014 in∙ha−1) and abundant (95.91%) species.

Species Richness and Abundance of Bivalves and Gastropods in Mangrove Forests of Casiguran, Aurora, Philippines

The diversity and abundance of bivalves and gastropods were studied from April to July 2015. Two sampling stations, Tinib and Esteves, in Casiguran, Aurora were selected based on the presence of mangrove forest, bivalves, gastropods, muddy substrate, and gleaners for the establishment of a transect line. Each station was laid with 100 meters transect line overlaid continuously with 2 m × 2 m quadrat along each transect. A total of 50 sampling units covering 0.02 ha area per sampling station were surveyed. The transect line recorded six species of bivalves distributed among five families and 12 species of gastropods belonging to eight families. Three species of bivalves and five species of gastropods were common to both sampling stations. However, Tinib station had most diverse species of bivalves (0.55) while Esteves station had most diverse species of gastropods (0.43). Both stations revealed Dendrostrea folium (43%) (bivalve) and Cerithidea cingulata (93%) (gastropods) as most frequently occurring species. Dendostrea folium also emerged as the densest (10,640 ind∙ha−1 and 6850 ind∙ha−1) and most abundant (58.52% and 77.84%) bivalve species. For gastropods, Terebralia sulcata (249,250 ind∙ha−1) was the densest and most abundant (96.97%) in Tinib while Terebralia palustris was the densest (747,050 ind∙ha−1) and most abundant (70.44%) in Esteves. Pooled results for bivalve species maintained Dendrostrea folium as the densest (8750 ind∙ha−1) and most abundant (64.81%). However, for gastropods, Terebralia palustris emerged as the densest (373,525 ind∙ha−1) and most abundant (56.70%) species. The mangrove forests of Casiguran, Aurora thus contain a variety of bivalves and gastropods with Tinib station dominated by bivalves while Esteves station dominated by gastropods.

Spatial Zonation and Diversity of Bivalves and Gastropods in Mangrove Forests of Casiguran, Aurora, Philippines

This study generally aimed to determine the spatial zonation and diversity of bivalves and gastropods in mangrove forest of Cozo, Esteves and Tinib in Casiguran, Aurora. Specifically, this aimed to determine the species composition and distribution, and determine the relationship between spatial zonation and diversity of bivalves and gastropods as influenced by ecological factors such as vegetation, soil texture, organic matter, soil salinity, and soil pH. A total of 22 taxa comprising eight species of bivalves and 14 species of gastropods were identified. The high tidal zone of Esteves had high diversity (0.66) of bivalve species compared to other tidal zones and areas. On the other hand, the diversity of gastropods was almost equal in the middle tidal zones of Cozo (0.60), Esteves (0.57), and Tinib (0.42). In terms of bivalve species’ density and abundance, Dendostrea folium was the most dense and abundant in the low tidal zone of Cozo (253,333 ind.ha−1 or 25 ind.m2-1, 97.44%) while Gafrarium tumidum in the low tidal zones of Esteves (46,666 ind.ha−1 or 4 ind.m2-1, 73.68%) and Tinib (126,666 ind.ha−1 or 12 ind.m2-1, 50%). In terms of gastropod species’ density and abundance, Cerithidea cingulata was the most dense and abundant in the low tidal zone (666,666 ind.ha−1 or 66 ind.m2-1, 65.79%) of Cozo and the middle tidal zone (5,280,000 ind.ha−1 or 528 ind.m2-1, 61.40%) of Tinib. It was Terebralia palustris in the low tidal zone (1,263,333 ind.ha−1 or 126 ind.m2-1, 63.06%) of Esteves. All tidal zones within each study area had greater dissimilarities in terms of bivalves but had greater similarities in terms of gastropod species’ compositions. On the other hand, all tidal zones between study areas had greater dissimilarities in terms of bivalve and gastropod species present. Most tidal zones had Gafrarium tumidum as common bivalve species while Neritidae sp. and Cerithidea cingulata were common gastropod species. All these species were found thriving in a wide range of vegetation, soil texture, organic matter, soil salinity and pH.

Gender Roles in the Utilization and Challenges in the Management of Mangrove Forests in Casiguran, Aurora, Philippines

Mangrove utilization and management were observed done by men and women depending on their needs and priorities in Casiguran, Aurora. This study, therefore, tried to investigate the gender roles in the utilization and management of mangrove forests, the existing mangrove management practices and their challenges, and the relationship between gender and mangrove resources management. A mixed-method approach was used and data were obtained through triangulation. Respondents were obtained through snowball sampling and interviewed using a structured questionnaire with a few open-ended questions. Results revealed that the majority of the respondents were women (60.7%) and residents of Brgy. Esteves (52.5%) live within or near the mangrove forest. Mostly married (59%) who were providing food and income for the family. They utilized mangrove woods (58.20%) with an average quantity of less than 10 board feet (34.4%) for cooking (40.2%). Roots were utilized in minimal amounts (2.50%) for mythical, medicine, and cork purposes. Mollusks (93.44%), commonly bivalves (93.4%), were primarily gleaned by women for food consumption (93.4%) and as a source of income (93. 61%). On the other hand, catching of crabs (57.4%) for consumption (56.6%) and as a source of income (14.8%) and catching of fish (31.1%) for consumption (27.9%) were done by men. Both genders were involved in mangrove management practices, although only 65% of them had actual involvement in mangrove planting, 19% in mangrove nursery development and maintenance, and 16% in mangrove plantation maintenance. Challenges in management include low survival rate of planted mangroves (33%), lack of maintenance activity (20%), and lack of funds for mobilization (20%). A chi-square test of independence revealed that both men and women have no significant difference in their involvement in nursery establishment and maintenance, mangrove planting, and plantation management.

马克思主义民族化的典范——纪念列宁逝世100周年

没有马克思主义民族化就没有社会主义国家。列宁根据俄国的国情和革命实际需要,摒弃西欧各国社会民主党的建党模式,创建以暴力夺取国家政权为最近目标的建党新模式;根据资本主义发展不平衡趋势突显的新形势,提出社会主义革命可以在一国首先胜利;根据俄国基本上是农民国家的实际国情,创造了间接过渡到社会主义的新经济政策。这样,列宁就把马克思主义发展到列宁主义阶段,建立了世界上第一个社会主义国家--苏联。然而列宁逝世后,苏联共产党不能随着世界形势的发展变化继续推进马克思主义民族化,以致苏联只存在了74年,社会主义建设刚开了个头就结束了。中国建设社会主义国家从根本上说是拓荒式的。社会主义中国之所以能不断创造新辉煌,朝着建设中国式现代化国家的目标奋进,正是在于中国共产党能根据国内外形势发展,永不止步地创造中国化时代化的马克思主义,在人类社会发展史上开辟了社会主义国家建设的新道路。

Are there sex-based disparities in cataract surgery?

AIM:To investigate sex-based differences in the occurrence of intra-operative and post-operative complications and associated visual outcomes following cataract surgery.METHODS:This was a retrospective study of patients who had phacoemulsification cataract surgery at the University of Colorado School of Medicine.Data collected included the patient’s health history,ocular comorbidities,operative and post-operative complications,and the post-operative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA).The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to account for the correlation of some patients having two eyes included in the study.RESULTS:A total of 11977 eyes from 7253 patients were included in the study.Ocular comorbidities differed by sex,with males having significantly higher percentages of traumatic cataracts(males 0.7%vs females 0.1%),prior ocular surgery(6.7%vs 5.5%),and mature cataracts(2.8%vs 1.9%).Conversely,females had significantly higher rates of pseudoexfoliation(2.0%vs 3.2%).In unadjusted analysis,males had higher rates of posterior capsular rupture(0.8%vs 0.4%)and vitreous loss(1.0%vs 0.6%),but this difference was not significant after adjustment for confounders.Males had a significantly increased risk of post-operative retinal detachment,but in multivariable analysis this was no longer significant.Males were significantly less likely to undergo post-operative neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:YAG)laser capsulotomy for posterior capsule opacification(OR=0.8,95%CI=0.7-0.9,P=0.0005).The BCVA was slightly worse for males pre-operatively;but post-operatively,both sexes exhibited similar visual acuity of Snellen equivalent 20/25.CONCLUSION:The study finds that in a cohort of patients presenting for cataract surgery,sex differences exist in pre-operative comorbidities and surgical characteristics that contribute to higher rates of some complications for males.However,observed surgical complication rates exhibit almost no difference by sex after adjusting for pre-operative differences and post-operative BCVA is similar between sexes.

Activating Effect of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins

The effect of enterotoxins is to induce the production of endogenous IF. St. aureus enteropathogenic proteins (enterotoxins) possess an antitumour effect. After intraperitoneal inoculation, they decrease the size and, in some cases, prevent the development of the human hypernephroma in the cheek pouch of golden hamsters. The effect of enteropathgenic proteims may possibly consist in inducing the production of endogenous immune interferon which activates the host immune system and enhances the rejection of heterologous tumour cells.

Metabolic reprogramming of the inflammatory response in the nervous system:the crossover between inflammation and metabolism

Metabolism is a fundamental process by which biochemicals are broken down to produce energy(catabolism) or used to build macromolecules(anabolism). Metabolism has received renewed attention as a mechanism that generates molecules that modulate multiple cellular responses. This was first identified in cancer cells as the Warburg effect, but it is also present in immunocompetent cells. Studies have revealed a bidirectional influence of cellular metabolism and immune cell function, highlighting the significance of metabolic reprogramming in immune cell activation and effector functions. Metabolic processes such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid oxidation have been shown to undergo dynamic changes during immune cell response, facilitating the energetic and biosynthetic demands. This review aims to provide a better understanding of the metabolic reprogramming that occurs in different immune cells upon activation, with a special focus on central nervous system disorders. Understanding the metabolic changes of the immune response not only provides insights into the fundamental mechanisms that regulate immune cell function but also opens new approaches for therapeutic strategies aimed at manipulating the immune system.

助力乡村人才振兴:民族地区职业教育发展策略研究

民族地区职业教育助力乡村人才振兴是巩固当地脱贫效果、推动社会经济全面发展的重要举措。当前,民族地区职业教育地位“边缘化”、服务功能缺失、民族性缺位问题凸显,与乡村产业、乡村人才以及乡村社会经济发展需求不相匹配,不利于为乡村振兴提供底层支持。因此,研究提出以优化教育类型、深化产教融合、融通职普渠道为发展方向,以强化顶层设计,发挥政府牵引作用为驱动力,从优化专业结构,提高专业与产业结构吻合度,推动教育多元化发展等方面入手,多措并举推动民族地区职业教育助力乡村人才高效发展。

玄武岩纤维对水泥稳定再生集料路用性能的影响

为具体确定掺加玄武岩纤维后水泥稳定再生集料的各项性能参数的发展规律,通过设计室内试验,以玄武岩纤维掺量为变量,将天然集料作为对照组,分析了再生集料的抗冻性能、抗裂性能、劈裂抗拉强度、抗压强度和纤维掺量之间的关系。结果表明,掺加玄武岩纤维能大幅改善再生集料的抗冻性能、抗裂性能,小幅度提升抗压强度。结合室内试验数据,建议工程实践中的玄武岩纤维最佳质量分数为0.9‰。

Python数据分析在商业领域的应用

随着大数据、云计算等信息技术的发展,企业已经从过去的“粗放式”运营转变为当前注重数据分析的“精细化”运营。为了有效利用商务数据,可使用数据分析技术帮助企业获取、整理和处理海量数据,为企业的经营决策提供积极、高效的帮助。现以一家处于亏损状态的小型口罩工厂为分析对象,使用Python语言并通过明确目标、数据处理、数据分析、数据展现和报告撰写的步骤完成口罩厂历史数据分析的整个流程,从而帮助口罩厂探寻亏损问题的根本原因以及下一阶段的经营发展趋势,并为口罩厂的未来发展模式提供相关建议。

绿色补贴对制革企业绿色投资的影响研究

以制革这种存在一定环境污染的产业为例,从对制革企业在不同补贴条件下的绿色投资现状进行分析。从投资水平、投资结构、资金来源等角度深度挖掘制革企业开展绿色投资时暴露出的问题,对影响制革企业绿色投资效率的三大因素即经济运行因素、制度变迁因素及地区特征因素进行总结。详细阐述了绿色补贴对制革企业绿色投资的影响并提出了提高制革企业绿色投资效率的相关建议。

戊己丸现代研究进展

戊己丸是治疗肠道疾病的中医经典方,由黄连、白芍、吴茱萸3味药组成,具有疏肝和胃、降逆止呕之功效。现代研究表明,戊己丸对多种消化道疾病动物模型有效,可减轻病理损伤、延缓疾病发展进程,具有镇痛、抗炎、止泻、抗溃疡等多种药理作用。课题组一直致力于戊己丸的现代科学研究,包括戊己丸复方配伍机理研究和药代动力学等的研究,从戊己丸的处方来源、化学成分、剂型、现代药理研究以及临床研究等方面结合课题组的研究成果对戊己丸的现代研究进展作总结归纳,探讨其药效物质基础及重点研究方向,以期为戊己丸的现代开发研究及临床优化应用提供理论参考和科学依据,发挥戊己丸经典复方的更大作用。

反射式太赫兹时域光谱技术快速辨别水性和溶剂型涂料

采用反射式太赫兹时域光谱技术测试涂料的时域光谱,通过第1次反射和第2次反射的反射峰比值,得到判定涂料为水性还是溶剂型的临界阈值。该方法无需复杂的样品前处理,仅需将涂料置于测量容器中即可完成测试。一次性纸杯或聚乙烯塑料容器、不同的测试人员和测试时间对临界阈值均无影响,为生态环境监管领域提供了一种快速、准确辨别水性涂料和溶剂型涂料的方法。

基于感知风险与感知价值的婚纱租赁接受意愿影响因素

为了探究租赁模式中消费者对婚纱租赁接受意愿的影响因素,利用文献研究法,基于调研数据构建婚纱租赁影响因素、感知风险、感知价值和租赁接受意愿之间的理论模型,提出假设,并对调研数据进行因子和回归分析。结果表明:婚纱租赁知识、租赁服务、租赁经验、炫耀心理及婚纱使用特征正向影响接受意愿;感知风险在婚纱租赁影响因素对接受意愿中有负向中介作用,感知价值在婚纱租赁影响因素对租赁意愿中有正向中介作用。研究结果和策略建议为婚纱租赁市场发展提供实践启示。