Construction of a Gravel Road Using Bauxite Residue

Results from research efforts over many years by the Highway Laboratory of Civil Engineering Department of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki(AUTH)and other academic or research institutions on behalf of"Aluminium of Greece"have demonstrated the potential use of bauxite residue in the construction industry as bricks,in the ceramic industry,for restoring abandoned surface mines and road construction.This paper details the construction of a gravel road using bauxite residue on the road"St.Nikolas-Kiriaki"in the site of the"Aluminium of Greece".The final layer included the addition of bauxite aggregates to provide an additional road carrying capacity.The aim of the project was to construct a trafficable surface for trucks and other vehicles with adequate resistance to heavy traffic loads and external factors as changing climatic conditions or soil erosion due to the rain.The construction is the right balance between technically excellent result and economically feasible.The prospect of using bauxite residue for similar road construction,or in general road construction,remains open.

Revisiting the determination of Mount Olympus Height(Greece)

The present study deals with the determination of Mount Olympus summit(Mytikas),exploiting modern observations such as Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)and existing geodetic information.The last official Olympus height determination goes back 102 years by the Swiss surveyor M.Kurz.Since then,only unofficial measurement campaigns have taken place.There is a variety of released heights,which range from 2917 to 2919 meters.In September and October of 2022,we conducted a GNSS campaign,focusing on the area of highest Olympus peaks.Employing precise GNSS measurements(accuracy of 1-3 cm),in conjunction with height information from Greece’s National Triangulation Network(5-10 cm accuracy)and an appropriate,recent geoid model(5-6 cm accuracy),we estimate through the so-called GNSS-levelling,the height of Olympus to 2917.727 m with respect to Greece’s officially accepted mean sea level and 2918.390 m with respect to the global vertical datum.Our estimation of Olympus highest peak shows remarkable consistency at the level of 12.8 cm to that of M.Kurz in 1921.

利用多源遥感卫星数据研究南海内波的时空分布特征

利用1995～2005年300多幅ERS-1／2，Radarsat-1，ENVISAT、SPOT、Landsat、IRS和NOAA AVHRR图像统计了南海北部海洋内波的时间分布特征，并绘制了内波空间分布图，利用KdV方程和Levitus历史跃层资料反演了内波的振幅和波速等参数。研究结果表明，南海北部海洋内波出现的区域主要有3块：吕宋海峡，东沙岛和海南东北部。内波传播方向以西向为主。在吕宋海峡，相速度达3m／s，内波振幅超过100m。在东沙岛附近，相速度在1-5～2m／s左右，振幅在20～80m左右；东沙岛西面和北面，相速度在1～1．5m／s左右，振幅在5～20m左右。海南东北部，相速度在0．4～0．8m／s左右，振幅在2～4m左右。内波的时间分布特征为：内波以4～9月为高峰期，1～3月和11～12月为低峰期；在每个月里以16～19日为高峰期。

基于时间序列MODIS EVI数据的森林生长异常监测

利用遥感技术,基于时间序列的MODIS数据对2004—2006年东北三省的林区进行森林生长异常监测。首先利用MODIS数据时间分辨率高的特点,采用Savitzky-Golay滤波函数平滑8天合成的EVI,计算生长季面积和年EVI曲线熵值,两指标联合得到3年间变化量大的像素点,定义为森林生长异常点;然后抽取异常点的时间序列曲线进行分析,并结合森林灾害事件进行比较验证。结果表明:异常点曲线的熵值明显大于正常年,生长季峰值低,并且在生长旺季会出现峰值突然持续下降或双峰等异常现象,这与该区域森林生长异常发生时的植被反射率表征一致,说明用该法对森林生长异常进行监测是基本可行的。

Time-Frequency Characteristics of the Relationships Between Tropical Indo-Pacific SSTs

In this study, several advanced analysis methods are applied to understand the relationships between the Nino-3.4 sea surface temperatures （SST） and the SSTs related to the tropical Indian Ocean Dipole （IOD）. By analyzing a long data record, the authors focus on the time-frequency characteristics of these relationships, and of the structure of IOD. They also focus on the seasonal dependence of those characteristics in both time and frequency domains. Among the Nino-3.4 SST, IOD, and SSTs over the tropical western Indian Ocean （WIO） and eastern Indian Ocean （EIO）, the WIO SST has the strongest annual and semiannual oscillations. While the Nino-3.4 SST has large inter-annual variability that is only second to its annual variability, the IOD is characterized by the largest semiannual oscillation, which is even stronger than its annual oscillation. The IOD is strongly and stably related to the EIO SST in a wide range of frequency bands and in all seasons. However, it is less significantly related to the WIO SST in the boreal winter and spring. There exists a generally weak and unstable relationship between the WIO and EIO SSTs, especially in the biennial and higher frequency bands. The relationship is especially weak in summer and fall, when IOD is apparent, but appears highly positive in winter and spring, when the IOD is unimportantly weak and even disappears. This feature reflects a caution in the definition and application of IOD. The Nino-3.4 SST has a strong positive relationship with the WIO SST in all seasons, mainly in the biennial and longer frequency bands. However, it shows no significant relationship with the EIO SST in summer and fall, and with IOD in winter and spring.

IMPACTS OF ATOVS DATA ASSIMILATION ON PREDICTION OF A RAINSTORM OVER SOUTHEAST CHINA

Using the Advanced Research WRF (ARW WRF) model and the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) three-dimensional variational analysis (3DVAR) system,the impact of assimilating ATOVS (Advanced TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder) radiance through the prototype Community Radiative Transfer Model (pCRTM) is evaluated on the forecasting of a heavy rainstorm occurring over the central Guangdong province in the southeast of China on 20-21 June 2005. A pair of comparison experiments (NODA and DA) for this case is conducted with multiple configurations,including nesting domains with 4-km and 12-km grid distances. The results showed that by changing the initial condition through data assimilation,a modified divergence and moisture field with the structure of dipoles has been added to the axis of the rainband with a southwest-northeast orientation. When more moisture carried by a southwesterly low level jet (LLJ) was converged into the northeast portion of the rainband around the observatory station of Longmen,the amplitude of moisture static energy (MSE) increased substantially at low levels much more than at middle levels,resulting in the enlarging of differences in MSE between 500 hPa and 850 hPa; the atmosphere became more unstable. Consequently,the convective rainfall increased in the northeast part of the province around the Longmen station,which was consistent with the observed distribution of rainfall.

Social transformations of cultural heritage: from benefaction to sponsoring: Evidence from mountain regions in Greece

The concept of benefaction,as shaped in the pre-industrial society,has been altered and replaced by the modern term of sponsoring.The verbal transformation emerges from a deep cultural shift.Focusing on the dipole of benefactionsponsoring,we examine the cultural transition from the traditional communities of long duration to the modern societies of consumption,taking the Greek mountainous regions as an example.We investigate the cultural shift that generates the metastasis from the communities of benefaction to the modern brandplaces that consume their own cultural heritage,mainly,at the altar of the tourism industry.Modern society has adopted the concept of sponsoring,for the grace of which,culture has to prove evidence of economic value,in order to survive.In the extremely competitive frame of the free-market economy,mountain regions appear vulnerable.The selling and buying of their culture are tempting and attractive under a constantly shrinking welfare-state and narrowing development opportunities.It depends on local and national society to rediscover and regenerate those social mechanisms able to create culture or let the modern consumption-oriented forces prevail.However,authentic principles of benefaction may form an alternative perspective for social reorganization.

Herbage Production and Species Richness in Sub-alpine Grasslands of Different Soil Parent Material in Northern Greece

Several abiotic and biotic factors were investigated as possible predictors of local species richness in two sub-alpine grasslands of Jenna and Belles Mountains in Northern Greece.For species richness modelling a hierarchical modelling framework based on generalized additive models was adopted.The two sub-alpine grasslands differed in aspect,altitude and soil parent material(volcanic origin,mostly trachyte,and andesite(TA) for Jenna and metamorphic rocks,mostly gneiss(G) for Belles).12 fenced squared plots,16 m2 each,were used per grassland,where soil properties,herbage production,species presence and cover of grasses,legumes and forbs were estimated.Mean herbage production was significantly affected by slope and altitude,soil K content and floristic composition as expressed by an ordination axis.Soil p H,floristic composition and average herbage production were significant predictors of forbs and total species richness.For the former,soil N content and for the latter the occurrence of Agrostis capillaris,were also included as significant terms in the predictive model.Thepredictors for grasses species richness were N content,having a positive effect,and average herbage production.In all cases higher species richness was predicted for intermediate values of average herbage production.Differential responses were found between forbs and grasses.The predictors of their species richness were different while for the case of the common predictor(N) the responses of the two groups were also different(grasses species numbers increase and forbs species numbers decreased with increasing N).Maximum species richness of grasses was observed at relatively low production levels while forbs species richness maximized at relatively high production levels.

Sensor Calibration in Support for NOAA's Satellite Mission

Sensor calibration, including its definition, purpose, traceability options, methodology, complexity, and importance, is examined in this paper in the context of supporting NOAA＇s satellite mission. Common understanding of sensor calibration is essential for the effective communication among sensor vendors, calibration scientists, satellite operators, program managers, and remote sensing data users, who must cooperate to ensure that a nation＇s strategic investment in a sophisticated operational environmental satellite system serves the nation＇s interest and enhances the human lives around the world. Examples of calibration activities at NOAA/NESDIS/ORA are selected to further illustrate these concepts and to demonstrate the lessons learned from the past experience.

Medical Care at Mass Gatherings: The Case of TIF-HELEXPO Trade Fairs and Events

The provision of medical care during major events is a significant issue,both for organisers and for the emergency services that support these events.Nevertheless,research on this matter is limited.This research attempts to approach the matter through the study of fairs and events held at TIF-HELEXPO during the 2015-2018 period(1,774 medical incidents).Result analysis indicated that there are no significant differentiations in the number of medical incidents with regard to gender,age,country of origin,status,type of illness,and outcome of incidents;however,there were differentiations in the frequency of incidents,with regards to the character of the fair and the event.

The Relationship of Effortful Control to Academic Achievement via Children’s Learning-Related Behaviors

Effortful control (EC) is a temperamental self-regulatory capacity, defined as the efficiency of executive attention [1], which is related to individual differences in self-regulation. Although effortful control covers some dispositional self-regulatory abilities important to cope with social demands of successful adaptation to school, such as attention regulation, individual differences in EC have recently been associated with school functioning through academic achievement including the efficient use of learning-related behaviors, which have been found to be a necessary precursor of learning and they refer to a set of children’s behaviors that involve organizational skills and appropriate habits of study. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review the literature on EC’s relationship to academic achievement via learning-related behaviors, which reflect the use of metacognitive control processes in kindergarten and elementary school students. The findings indicate that EC affects academic achievement through the facilitation of the efficient use of metacognitive control processes.

Hospital hygiene,purulent wounds and viral escape attempts:an infectious history of the Comnenean Imperial Dynasty

A study published recently by Graumans and colleagues(2021)reported James Bond's exposure to infectious agents across a number of movies[1].The authors took the initiative to use cinema as a source of hygiene literacy,pointing out common flaws and risks for individual and public health.Revisiting popular sources through the lenses of public health,can become an effective tool of science communication by providing readers with an amusing and simultaneously learning experience.The latter is a dire need,taking into account the mounting health disinformation amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

Ocean and climate sciences taking grand challenges and extraordinary opportunities:introduction to COAA 2007 special sections

In this universe, the earth is a unique breeding ground for living beings. It bares the evolutions, sustains the survival and enriches the development of human species. The studies of history have indicated that minute changes of the earth＇ s environment may have caused great impacts on the vulnerable balanced ecological systems, endanger the living conditions for human beings and associated cultures. Thus, understanding the nature＇s governing rules of the earth, and clarifying its fundamental laws of sciences are everlasting research topics for the human pursuits.

The Quadrennial Ozone Symposium 2016

1. Overview The 2016 Quadrennial Ozone Symposium （QOS-2016） was held on 4-9 September 2016 in Edinburgh, UK. The Symposium was organized by the International Ozone Commission （IO3C）, the NERC Centre for Ecology ＆ Hydrology and the University of Edinburgh, and was co-sponsored by the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, and the World Meteorological Organization.

High Strength and Excellent Ductility of AZ80 Magnesium Alloy Cabin Component Developed by W-Shaped Channel Extrusion and Subsequent T6 Heat Treatment

The AZ80 magnesium(Mg)alloy cabin component with high strength and excellent ductility was developed by W-shaped channel extrusion(WCE)at 350℃ and subsequent T6 heat treatment.The effect of WCE process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy was experimentally investigated,and the age-hardening behavior with microstructure evolution during heat treatment was revealed.Due to the introduction of multi-stage asymmetric extrusion and severe shear deformation along the annular channel,the average grain size of the WCE extruded alloy could be effectively refined to 4.7μm.Besides,theβphase particles were dynamically precipitated from the fine grain boundaries during extrusion,which hindered the grain growth,but worsen the material plasticity.After T6 treatment,the properties of component were eventually improved to a yield strength(YS)of 218 MPa and ultimate tensile strength(UTS)of 344 MPa with elongation(EL)of 14.5%.It was revealed that the rod/lath-and needle-shaped continuousβphase(CP)with finer size precipitated after T6 treatment was more effective in hindering the movement of dislocations and strengthened the alloy than lamellar discontinuousβphase(DP).The dispersed phase precipitated in the grains,the annihilation of dislocations,the uniformly distributed grains and the re-dissolution ofβphase particles at initial grain boundaries after T6 treatment greatly contributed to the ductility of alloy.Moreover,the T6 treatment also promoted the basal plane of most grains which were re-arranged to the extrusion direction,which promoted the possibility of non-basal slip activation and further improved the elongation of the alloy.As a result,the UTS and YS of the final component increased by 10%and the EL increased by 7%,respectively.

Pregnancy Loss in Relation to the Risks of Female-Specific Cancers in a Population-Based Cohort and Mendelian Randomization Study — China, 2004–2017

Summary What is already known about this topic?Limited evidence exists regarding the relationship between pregnancy loss and female-specific cancers within the Chinese population from prospective cohort studies.What is added by this report?Terminations were associated with a 13%lower risk of endometrial cancer,whereas stillbirths were related to an 18%higher risk of cervical cancer.Rural residents with a history of pregnancy loss experienced a 19%and 38%increased risk of breast and cervical cancers,respectively,compared to their urban counterparts.Moreover,a positive graded relationship between live births and pregnancy loss on cervical cancer was observed.What are the implications for public health practice?This study has significant implications for identifying women at an increased risk for breast and genital cancers and contributes to the development of effective public health strategies for female cancer prevention.Future research on reproductive history,particularly in rural areas,should be given priority in efforts to improve female cancer screening and early detection.

饮片巴戟天、巴戟肉和盐巴戟天主要化学成分的含量差异分析

目的:考察目前市场上的饮片巴戟天、巴戟肉和盐巴戟天中主要化学成分的含量差异。方法:在主要产区和国内主流药材市场上,收集饮片巴戟天41批、巴戟肉32批、盐巴戟天10批;在前期对巴戟天药材中糖类成分研究的基础上,利用超高液相色谱飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)技术鉴别饮片巴戟天、巴戟肉和盐巴戟天中的主要的差异成分,利用UPLC对主要成分含量进行测定,并结合热图对三者的主要化学成分的含量进行差异分析。结果:饮片巴戟天、巴戟肉和盐巴戟天三者的主要成分有显著差别,表现在果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖以及低聚糖GFn的含量及种类两方面。巴戟肉和盐巴戟天中10种低聚糖GFn(n=2~11)的含量均分别低于饮片巴戟天中相应成分的含量(P<0.01),巴戟肉中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖的含量均高于巴戟天和盐巴戟天中相应成分的含量,差异极显著(P<0.01)。饮片巴戟天、巴戟肉和盐巴戟天中水晶兰苷的质量分数分别为42.6,39.8,32.3 mg·g^(-1),其中巴戟天与盐巴戟天中的含量差异显著(P=0.031);各批次的巴戟天和盐巴戟天中耐斯糖的质量分数均高于4.0%,高于2015年版《中国药典》(简称"药典")标准的要求;而巴戟肉中耐斯糖的平均质量分数为14.7 mg·g^(-1),只有少数批次的巴戟肉符合药典要求。结论:蒸制使巴戟天中大部分的低聚糖转化成了果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖;盐制使巴戟天中的各低聚糖和水晶兰苷的含量均显著降低,但是,各低聚糖含量降低的程度远小于巴戟肉。巴戟天和盐巴戟天的耐斯糖含量符合药典质量要求,巴戟肉中耐斯糖含量低于药典中限量要求。建议开展巴戟天药典标准的提升和修订,以保持药典的科学性、先进性和适用性,增强药典对巴戟天药材质量控制的导向作用。该研究结果为饮片巴戟天、巴戟肉、盐巴戟天的质量标准修订及其功效物质基础研究提供了参考依据。

改良阴式子宫切除术治疗老年女性子宫脱垂的临床疗效分析

目的探讨改良阴式子宫切除术治疗老年妇女子宫脱垂的临床疗效。方法选取2017年1月至2020年8月在江南大学附属医院进行治疗的老年子宫脱垂患者82例为观察对象,依据随机双盲的原则将其分为对照组和观察组,每组41例;对照组予以传统阴式子宫切除术治疗,观察组予以改良阴式子宫切除术治疗。比较两组患者的手术指标(手术耗时、术中出血量以及住院时间),临床总有效率以及并发症发生率。结果观察组临床治疗总有效率高于对照组[97.6%和78.0%,χ^(2)=7.291;P<0.05];观察组手术耗时[(71.3±15.5)min和(122.7±22.2)min,t=7.379,P=0.008]、术中出血量[(122.5±15.3)ml和(297.7±20.7)ml,t=9.820,P=0.000]、住院时间[(7.2±1.5)d和(10.0±2.9)d,t=7.164,P=0.014]和并发症发生率(0.0%和14.6%,χ^(2)=7.159,P<0.05)均低于对照组。结论老年子宫脱垂患者采用改良阴式子宫切除术治疗有助于患者临床效果的提高,且可以有效地缩短手术时间,减少术后住院时间,降低术后并发症发生率。

Heat Transfer and Performance Characteristics of Axial Cooling Fans with Downstream Guide Vanes

This study examines experimentally the effect of stators on the performance and heat transfer characteristics of small axial cooling fans. A single fan impeller, followed by nine stator blades in the case of a complete stage, was used for all the experimental configurations. Performance measurements were carried out in a constant speed stage performance test rig while the transient liquid crystal technique was used for the heat transfer measurements. Full surface heat transfer coefficient distributions were obtained by recording the temperature history of liquid crystals on a target plate. The experimental data indicated that the results are highly affected by the flow conditions at the fan outlet. Stators can be beneficial in terms of pressure drop and efficiency, and thus more economical operation, as well as, in the local heat transfer distribution at the wake of the stator blades if the fan is installed very close to the cooling object. However, as the separation distance increases, enhanced heat transfer rate in the order of 25% is observed in the case of the fan impeller.

Coastal upwelling observed by multi-satellite sensors

Coastal upwelling phenomenon along the China coast in the Yellow Sea during August 2007 is studied using ENVISAT Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) data, NOAA Advanced AVHRR series Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data,and NASA QuikSCAT Scatterometer ocean surface wind data. A dark pattern in an ASAR image is interpreted as coastal upwelling. This is because the natural biogenic slicks associated with coastal upwelling damp the Bragg waves on the sea surface and thus make the surface smoother. Most of the incoming radar energy is reflected in the forward direction. As a result, the radar backscatter signal is very weak. Analyzing the concurrent AVHRR SST image, we find that the dark pattern in the ASAR image is indeed corresponding to the low SST area. The wind retrieval in the slicks dominant region is biased due to the low Normalised Radar Cross Section (NRCS) associated with the coastal upwelling. We applied a SST correction to the NRCS values to improve the accuracy of wind retrieval from ASAR data.