重新想象建筑,倾斜现实——评BAU建筑与城市设计事务所的建筑与城市设计

文章关注的是BAU这家澳大利亚+中国的建筑、城市设计与景观设计公司的作品。这些作品反映了这家从事各种规模设计,关注不同环境因素的公司对研究的重视。4个刊登的项目显示了在现代城市环境中如何拓展建筑的语汇,建筑的复杂性反射出文化的多元交汇性;可持续的理念在功能与形式等各个层面的实践;以及对建筑设计流于形态设计机器的抵制。

A Critical Review of Community Resilience Building Framework: Contexts of Climate Change and Disasters in Bangladesh

The concept of community resilience in the contexts of climate change and disasters draws increasing attention and interest from practitioners and researchers in recent development discourse. This paper provides a critical review of six selected frameworks of community resilience building operationalized in Bangladesh over the span of years. In other words, this study aims to contribute to the understanding of resilience through a systematic analysis of the dimensions and indicators of community resilience frameworks. The analysis shows that comprehensive and effective community resilience frameworks should incorporate the missing components linked to fundamental elements of good governance, economic growth, environmental sustainability, social transformation, and capacity development. The paper concludes by highlighting a few other areas of grave concern that need more appropriate attention, considering the severe threats posed by climate change and natural disasters in line with sustainable development goals. Finally, this study recommends further research regarding the effectiveness of these frameworks in different climatic and disaster contexts that can lead the concept into a new dimension of community resilience and sustainability.

Genetic Diversity for Yield and Yield Contributing Characters of Short Statured Maize Inbred Lines

Genetic diversity is one of the useful tools to select appropriate lines for hybridization. Twenty short-statured maize inbred lines were taken for present study, which were collected from CIMMYT India and Mexico through Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur. This experiment was conducted from November 2015 to April 2016 to identify parental lines to produce single cross short statured maize hybrids. From the genetic diversity studies, the importance of both additive and non-additive gene actions for the expression of yield and yield contributing characters were found. Values of vector I and II revealed that both the vectors had positive values for date of silking, plant height, rows/cob, grains/row and yield. These results indicated that these five characters had highest contribution towards divergence. Based on the relative magnitude of D2 values;20 inbred lines were grouped into five clusters. Seven inbred lines were selected on the basis of genetic diversity and per se performance which will be crossed separately in a half-diallel fashion to develop hybrids.

Determinants of Farmers’ Perception of Climate Change: A Case Study from the Coastal Region of Bangladesh

Socio-economic conditions of farmers, especially in the coastal region in Bangladesh, have been severely affected because of climate change. This study was focused on analyzing the farmers’ perception of climate change by examining three vital issues: (1) description of the socioeconomic characteristics of farmers;(2) reporting on the perception of farmers experiences with climatic change;and (3) identification of the socio-economic factors associated with farmers’ perception of climate change. The study area encompasses three villages within the coastal region (Sathkhira district) of Bangladesh, a geographic region where climate change literature has highlighted as prone to accelerated degradation. A logit model, along with weighted indexes for ranking and descriptive statistics, was used to analyze the result of 100 farmers surveyed by questionnaire. We found that the majority of the farmers (88%) perceived changes in climatic conditions. Almost all farmers indicated increases in temperature, droughts, floods, cyclones, salinity level and decreasing rainfall over the last 20 years. The logit model explained that out of the nine factors surveyed;education, family size, farm size, family income, farming experiences and training received were significantly related and influential factors to perception of climate change. Therefore, government and non-governmental organizations are recommended to push forward with interventions, especially focusing on identified factors, in order to strengthen the farmers’ capacity to battle against climate change effects.

包豪斯之于今天还至关重要吗

本文的作者为包豪斯德绍基金会前负责人,由他主持的《新包豪斯》杂志不仅是对历史的整理,更多的是将包豪斯的理念看作是更具现实意义的命题。对包豪斯的研究取径并不只是直白的历史与现实之争,无论是包豪斯过时论、基础课程以及文化产品的衍生再制作等,通常在某种程度上都是围绕着形式与作品的物化成果逐一展开的不同面向。正如这篇简短的评述中所认为的那样,不能死盯着包豪斯的形式和产品不放,而应当直接切入包豪斯对任务的勾画和它宣导的理念和方法。当前无需对那些直接针对包豪斯的合乎情理的批评做过多辩护,不仅如此,只有将包豪斯的理念转译到完全不同的社会环境中,才有可能在完全不同的实际应用中贯通,而包豪斯的理念仍可以为当前的跨学科方法指出相应的定位点、基础以及目的。

Experimental Approaches to Improve Thermal Stability of Organic Phase Change Properties

This study investigates the thermal behavior of Polyolefin containing Paraffin and Nano Hydrated aluminum silicate Al2Si2O5 (OH) 4 (Kaolin) particles to enhance store energy at ambient temperature. The hybrid Nano composite is based on polyolefin PE as a matrix, whereby paraffin wax and Kaolin were hot blended at varying concentrations. In addition Carbon Nanotube (CNTs) was added in different relative low concentrations to improve the thermal transition among the polymer matrix, since polymer domains are considered as isolator. The composite was prepared by melt mixing using a Brabender Plasrograph and a Two Role Mill. Thermal properties of the composite were determined using DSC and Melt flow Index. Because TES materials are subjected to melting and freezing during life time, multiple extrusion tests to simulate the degradation process of the composite were carried out. FTIR was applied to determine the degradation effect and investigate microstructure changes of the composite. The results obtained demonstrate that the blend shows a tendency to be thermally active at low temperatures. DSC tests evidenced a decrease in melt tempera-ture as a result of increasing Kaolin content and some changes in the latent heat of the compound.

Ecofriendly Disease Management of Lentil (<i>Lens culinaris</i>) Seedlings

To determine the effect of Biofertilizer and Integrated Pest Management (IPM) biopesticide for controlling foot and root rot diseases of lentil it is very important for conducting experiment in the field. It was marked that both Biofertilizer and IPM Biopesticide found significantly lower disease incidence of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) released popular lentil variety Binamasur-1 and Binamasur-2 seedlings compared with the control treatment. Soil treatment with Biofertilizer as Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) released Bari-Biofertilizer performed the lowest disease incidence of lentil variety Binamasur-1 and Binamasur-2 at 20 days after sowing (DAS) showed a reduction of disease incidence up to 68.80% and 71.70% over the control. While after 28 DAS, it was found up to 91.27% and 91.34% reduction of disease incidence over control. Furthermore, after 35 DAS, it exhibited up to 69.37% and 69.28% reduction of disease incidence over control. Bari-Biofertilizer significantly increased the fresh weight and the number of nodules per plant.

不完美世界中的原则 包豪斯第二任校长汉斯·梅耶的合作与组织

在包豪斯短暂的14年里,政治条件的变动不居、建筑理念的差异集聚、地点的迁徙、人员的更迭、体制的调整,都实时地在这一被后世奉为神话的内部制造出各种震颤。从这个意义上而言.我们甚至不应该把历史上的包豪斯看作是同一所教学机构。文章将包豪斯第二任校长汉斯梅耶在此前后的经历与他针对各种现实场域做出的实质性回应结合在一起,深入建筑与政治之间的对抗、更替和主从关系,概述由他主导的包豪斯行动的动力与意义。

胡安·布斯盖兹访谈

西班牙规划师、建筑师胡安·布斯盖兹在2009年与意大利建筑师斯特凡诺·博埃里、理查德·布尔德特、雅克·赫尔佐格及威廉·麦克多诺等人一起进行了米兰世博园区概念性总体规划的部分设计与讨论,但由于米兰世博会的组织方对会后利用的更多考虑,这一版方案并没有完全实施。我们邀请布斯盖兹教授回答了我们的问题,请他进一步解释说明2009年概念性总体规划与实施规划之间的差异,以及其中反映的对城市、建筑的思考。

南京高淳苏皖交通枢纽中心

务实海洋中的抒情岛屿高淳镇即将由轻轨和高速公路与南京联通,缩短50 min的行程将会促进商业的发展和人口的增长。新建火车站位于该镇规划中的北部增长区内的新商业中心,它将与新的城际巴士站及本地巴士枢纽相结合。考虑到迷人的湖区和慢城区域游客数量的增长,枢纽中包含了一个旅游会展中心。

Low Ca^2＋ Content and Ca^2＋/Na^＋ Ratio in Leaf Tissues Determine Salinity Tolerance in Spanish Type Groundnut （Arachis hypogeal L.）

The study was performed with seven groundnut varieties/genotypes and F1s derived from crossing in all possible combinations without reciprocal among the mentioned varieties/genotypes. The objective was to assess whether low Ca2＋ content and Ca2＋/Na＋ ratio of leaf tissue or stem tissue determine salinity tolerance in terms of economic yield （kernel yield） in groundnut. It revealed that the varieties, “Binachinabadam-6”, “Binachinabadam-5” and the F1 G2 × G3 were most tolerant based on kernel yield under 8 dS/m and 10 dS/m salinity stresses. These two tolerant varieties and the F1 also showed lower Ca2＋ and Ca2＋/Na＋ ratios in leaf tissue, which indicated lower Ca2＋ and Ca2＋/Na＋ ratio of leaf tissue determined salinity tolerance in terms of kernel yield in Spanish type groundnut. These findings could be applied in future plant breeding applications for screening salt tolerant Spanish type groundnut genotypes.

Structural, Optical and Room Temperature Magnetic Study of Mn₂O₃Nanoparticles

In this work, Mn2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) are prepared by co-precipitation technique. The synthesized sample is characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The XRD spectrum reveals the cubic structure of Mn2O3 NPs and the lattice parameter is calculated to be 9.4232 ?. Crystallite size (D) is estimated using Debye-Scherer’s formula and is found to be 17.3 nm. A micrograph for the NPs is obtained using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The Mn2O3 nanoparticles are viewed at 7500× magnification and their shape is spherical. D is also measured using TEM and it is 19.1 nm, which is very close to the one obtained from XRD. The elemental contents of the prepared samples are determined using particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE). In addition, the oxygencontent of the sample is obtained using non Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) at 3 MeV proton beam. The sample shows high purity and the RBS technique is more accurate in determining the O-content. The presence of functional groups and the chemical bonding is confirmed by FTIR spectrum. The energy band gap (Eg) is calculated for the NPs using the UV-visible optical spectroscopy between 350 nm and 800 nm and found to be 1.24 eV. The sample shows high absorption in the visible range. The magnetization (VSM) is conducted to the sample and the saturation magnetization (Ms) is calculated as 2.642 emu/g. The hysteresis loop shows antiferromagnetic behavior. The EPR analysis is performed at room temperature for the NPs. The g-factor is calculated from the spectrum and found to be 1.985, and the magnetic field shift occurs at Bo = 350.5 mT. The intensity appeared to be high, which confirms the existence of Mn2+ ions on the surface.

生活空间

BAU建筑与城市设计事务所位于上海旧法租界的一条弄堂里，其办公楼是一栋由街道工厂改建装修的四层楼高的老房子。BAU的办公楼体现出公司的理念生态环保、多元复杂、独立、幽默且工作生活两不误。建筑入口立面底层由旧木地板装饰，形成良好亲和感，同时提供入口遮蔽；橙黄色建筑外墙上拉了钢丝网，为爬藤植物的生长提供条件；南立面上设置大面积的钢窗将自然采光引入室内．

半成品建筑墨尔本维多利亚傲娇中心

2017年,一项支持婚姻平等的全国调查促使澳大利亚议会通过了同性婚姻合法化的法案,这是LGBTQI+群体争取平等的重要里程碑。同年,非营利机构Victorian Pride Centre获得维多利亚州政府的支持,建造澳大利亚首个专为LGBTQI+人群设立的活动中心--维多利亚傲娇中心(简称VPC),随后为选址在圣基尔达区菲茨罗伊街的该项目举办了一场公开的建筑设计竞赛。2018年1月,BAU和GAA凭借优秀的设计方案脱颖而出,成为竞赛的优胜者。

Ion Beam Analysis and Electric Properties of GdBa<SUB>2</SUB>Cu<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>7-δ</SUB>Added with Nanosized Ferrites ZnFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>and CoFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>

In this study, superconducting samples of type GdBa2Cu3O7-δ added with x wt% (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) nanoferrites ZnFe2O4 and CoFe2O4 were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction technique. The prepared samples were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) in order to determine the volume fraction and lattice parameters. The elemental contents of the prepared samples were determined using particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE). In addition, the oxygen-content of these samples was obtained using non-Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) at 3 MeV proton beam. It is found that the Oxygen-content of GdBa2Cu3O7-δ phase remains practically constant for low additions of both nanoferrites but it increases with high additions. The electrical resistivity of the prepared samples was measured by the conventional four-probe technique from room temperature down to the zero superconducting transition temperature (T0). An increase in the superconducting transition temperature Tc and the critical current density Jc is observed as x varies from 0.0 to 0.06 wt% of (ZnFe2O4)xGdBa2Cu3O7-δ, followed by a systematic decrease with increasing x. On the other hand, the Tc values for (CoFe2O4)xGdBa2Cu3O7-δ show a systematic decrease with x for both high and low additions while Jc is enhanced up to x = 0.01 wt% and decrease with further increase in x.

Trapping the Short-Chain Odd Carbon Number Olefins Using Nickel(Ⅱ)-Catalyzed Tandem Ethylene Oligomerization and Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Toluene

Nickel(Ⅱ)complexes with pyrazole-based ligands are widely employed in catalysis of ethylene oligomerization and subsequent Friedel-Crafts alkylation of toluene.We have prepared ten new nickel(Ⅱ)dibromide complexes with various substituted bis(azolyl)methanes.They have been characterized using^(1)H NMR,IR,high resolution mass spectrometry and elemental analysis.The structures of three complexes have been unambiguously established using X-ray diffraction.It was found that these complexes in the presence of Et2AlCl or Et_(3)Al_(2)Cl_(3)are active both in ethylene oligomerization and Friedel-Crafts alkylation processes(activity up to 3720 kgoligomer·mol[Ni]^(−1)·h^(−1)).The use of Et_(3)Al_(2)Cl_(3)results in a higher share of alkylated products(up to 60%).Moreover,catalytic systems activated with Et_(3)Al_(2)Cl_(3)produced small amounts of odd carbon number olefins(up to 0.8%).The Friedel-Crafts alkylation was used as a trap for previously undetected short-chain odd carbon number olefins(C_(3)and C_(5)).

Hepatic COX1 loss leads to impaired autophagic flux and exacerbates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

The mechanisms underlying autophagic defects in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)remain largely unknown.We aimed to elucidate the roles of hepatic cyclooxygenase 1(COX1)in autophagy and the pathogenesis of diet-induced steatohepatitis in mice.Human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)liver samples were used to examine the protein expression of COX1 and the level of autophagy.Cox1^(Δhepa)mice and their wildtype littermates were generated and fed with 3 different NASH models.We found that hepatic COX1 expression was increased in patients with NASH and diet induced NASH mice models accompanied by impaired autophagy.COX1 was required for basal autophagy in hepatocytes and liver specific COX1 deletion exacerbated steatohepatitis by inhibiting autophagy.Mechanistically,COX1 directly interacted with WD repeat domain,phosphoinositide interacting 2(WIPI2),which was crucial for autophagosome maturation.Adeno-associated virus(AAV)-mediated rescue of WIPI2 reversed the impaired autophagic flux and improved NASH phenotypes in Cox1^(Δhepa)mice,indicating that COX1 deletion-mediated steatohepatitis was partially dependent on WIPI2-mediated autophagy.In conclusion,we demonstrated a novel role of COX1 in hepatic autophagy that protected against NASH by interacting with WIPI2.Targeting the COX1 WIPI2 axis may be a novel therapeutic strategy for NASH.

Carbon mineralization in subtropical alluvial arable soils amended with sugarcane bagasse and rice husk biochars

Subtropical recent alluvial soils are low in organic carbon(C).Thus,increasing organic C is a major challenge to sustain soil fertility.Biochar amendment could be an option as biochar is a C-rich pyrolyzed material,which is slowly decomposed in soil.We investigated C mineralization(CO_(2)-C evolution)in two types of soils(recent and old alluvial soils)amended with two feedstocks(sugarcane bagasse and rice husk)(1%,weight/weight),as well as their biochars and aged biochars under a controlled environment(25±2℃)over 85 d.For the recent alluvial soil(charland soil),the highest absolute cumulative CO_(2)-C evolution was observed in the sugarcane bagasse treatment(1140 mg CO_(2)-C kg^(-1)soil)followed by the rice husk treatment(1090 mg CO_(2)-C kg^(-1)soil);the lowest amount(150 mg CO_(2)-C kg^(-1)soil)was observed in the aged rice husk biochar treatment.Similarly,for the old alluvial soil(farmland soil),the highest absolute cumulative CO_(2)-C evolution(1290 mg CO_(2)-C kg^(-1)soil)was observed in the sugarcane bagasse treatment and then in the rice husk treatment(1270 mg CO_(2)-C kg^(-1)soil);the lowest amount(200 mg CO_(2)-C kg^(-1)soil)was in the aged rice husk biochar treatment.Aged sugarcane bagasse and rice husk biochar treatments reduced absolute cumulative CO_(2)-C evolution by 10%and 36%,respectively,compared with unamended recent alluvial soil,and by 10%and 18%,respectively,compared with unamended old alluvial soil.Both absolute and normalized C mineralization were similar between the sugarcane bagasse and rice husk treatments,between the biochar treatments,and between the aged biochar treatments.In both soils,the feedstock treatments resulted in the highest cumulative CO_(2)-C evolution,followed by the biochar treatments and then the aged biochar treatments.The absolute and normalized CO_(2)-C evolution and the mineralization rate constant of the stable C pool(K_(s))were lower in the recent alluvial soil compared with those in the old alluvial soil.The biochars and aged biochars had a negative priming effect in both soils,but the effect was more prominent in the recent alluvial soil.These results would have good implications for improving organic matter content in organic C-poor alluvial soils.

从教学理念到新建筑的理念环——格罗皮乌斯的历史化底图

通过包豪斯在逐渐被接受的历史过程中诸多问题的批判,重新解读作为包豪斯教学理念核心的"建造",并根据格罗皮乌斯两本著作写作期间的历史情境变化,着重以《新建筑与包豪斯》的文本为基准,重构出格罗皮乌斯的"新建筑"版本的包豪斯;据此论证隐含在包豪斯教学构想中的理念之环,指出它尽管并未完全在具体的历史现实中得到充分的推进,但仍可以作为某种历史动力的基础,提供更为普遍适用的底图。