Minimal access procedures show successes in various several medical fields. This issue brings a specific use of laparoscopy to the front to discuss in more detail which is the liver tumour resection. And, it’s the hi...Minimal access procedures show successes in various several medical fields. This issue brings a specific use of laparoscopy to the front to discuss in more detail which is the liver tumour resection. And, it’s the high time for laparoscopy to be highlighted regarding to hepatobilliary system. It is significantly important to gain most of the benefits of the laparoscopy technology. Its advantages are already achieved in other operation type inside the body cavity such as cholecystectomy.展开更多
Nearly 2.5 million ft^(2)of barracks must be removed from military facilities throughout the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency Region 4.While integration of manual deconstruction with traditional mechanical demoliti...Nearly 2.5 million ft^(2)of barracks must be removed from military facilities throughout the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency Region 4.While integration of manual deconstruction with traditional mechanical demolition methods has been shown to be comparable to traditional demolition methods in terms of cost and time requirements,the life cycle impacts of manual deconstruction on the environment and public health are unknown.To this end,life cycle assessment was applied to extend previous deconstruction studies of barracks at Ft.McClellan in Anniston,Alabama.Four scenarios were compared with varying degrees of time required for manual deconstruction of the barracks-100%Manual,44%Manual,26%Manual,and 100%Mechanical.Data were collected directly from the site and applied using SimaPro modeling software(PréAssociates,The Netherlands),considering two post-deconstruction options.Materials salvaged using either 100%or 44%Manual deconstruction and reused within a 20-mile radius of the deconstruction site yielded the most favorable environmental and health impacts.The significant impacts involved in the life cycle of diesel fuel required for transportation emphasize the need for developing reuse strategies for deconstructed materials at the regional level.展开更多
The Beautiful China Initiative(BCI)is a plan for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation as well as for China to fulfill the United Nations’2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.The Chinese government’s...The Beautiful China Initiative(BCI)is a plan for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation as well as for China to fulfill the United Nations’2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.The Chinese government’s“five-in-one”approach provides strategic arrangements for developing the BCI,and President Xi Jinping proposed a timetable and“road map”for the BCI at the National Conference on Ecological and Environmental Protection.Nevertheless,the theoretical basis,evaluation index system,evaluation criteria and effectiveness of the BCI are currently unclear.This paper begins by exploring the basic content of the BCI from narrow and broad perspectives.It regards the theory of human-nature harmonious coexistence and the five-in-one beauty theory as the core theoretical bases of the BCI and constructs a five-element BCI evaluation index system(ecological environment,green development,social harmony,system perfection and cultural heritage)and utilizes the assessment method of the United Nations’Human Development Index to assess scientifically the effectiveness of the BCI in 341 prefecture-level cities.The results show the average BCI index(the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beauty Index)score to be 0.28,which is quite low,while the average scores for the individual element indexes of the ecological environment index,green development index,social harmony index,system perfection index and cultural heritage index are 0.6,0.22,0.29,0.22 and 0.07,respectively.All of these are relatively low values,with relatively large discrepancies in regional development,indicating that progress in the BCI is generally slow and unbalanced.To realize the BCI’s timetable and roadmap to a high quality and high standard,it is suggested that a common system for evaluating the progress of the BCI is developed and promulgated so that dynamic monitoring and phased evaluations can take place;BCI technical assessment standards are compiled and published;BCI comprehensive zoning is undertaken;pilot projects adapted to local conditions are launched in BCI sample areas;and BCI results are incorporated into performance indicators at all levels of government.展开更多
Nanowires with inhomogeneous heterostructures such as polytypes and periodic twin boundaries are interesting due to their potential use as components for optical, electrical, and thermophysical applications. Additiona...Nanowires with inhomogeneous heterostructures such as polytypes and periodic twin boundaries are interesting due to their potential use as components for optical, electrical, and thermophysical applications. Additionally, the incorporation of metal impurities in semiconductor nanowires could substantially alter their electronic and optical properties. In this highlight article, we review our recent progress and understanding in the deliberate induction of imperfections, in terms of both twin boundaries and additional impurities in germanium nanowires for new/enhanced functionalities. The role of catalysts and catalyst-nanowire interfaces for the growth of engineered nanowires via a three-phase paradigm is explored. Three-phase bottom-up growth is a feasible way to incorporate and engineer imperfections such as crystal defects and impurities in semiconductor nanowires via catalyst and/or interfacial manipulation. ＂Epitaxial defect transfer＂ process and catalyst-nanowire interfacial engineering are employed to induce twin defects parallel and perpendicular to the nanowire growth axis. By inducing and manipulating twin boundaries in the metal catalysts, twin formation and density are controlled in Ge nanowires. The formation of Ge polytypes is also observed in nanowires for the growth of highly dense lateral twin boundaries. Additionally, metal impurity in the form of Sn is injected and engineered via third-party metal catalysts resulting in above-equilibrium incorporation of Sn adatoms in Ge nanowires. Sn impurities are precipitated into Ge bi-layers during Ge nanowire growth, where the impurity Sn atoms become trapped with the deposition of successive layers, thus giving an extraordinary Sn content （〉6 at.%） in Ge nanowires. A larger amount of Sn impingement （〉9 at.%） is further encouraged by utilizing the eutectic solubility of Sn in Ge along with impurity trapping.展开更多
文摘Minimal access procedures show successes in various several medical fields. This issue brings a specific use of laparoscopy to the front to discuss in more detail which is the liver tumour resection. And, it’s the high time for laparoscopy to be highlighted regarding to hepatobilliary system. It is significantly important to gain most of the benefits of the laparoscopy technology. Its advantages are already achieved in other operation type inside the body cavity such as cholecystectomy.
文摘Nearly 2.5 million ft^(2)of barracks must be removed from military facilities throughout the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency Region 4.While integration of manual deconstruction with traditional mechanical demolition methods has been shown to be comparable to traditional demolition methods in terms of cost and time requirements,the life cycle impacts of manual deconstruction on the environment and public health are unknown.To this end,life cycle assessment was applied to extend previous deconstruction studies of barracks at Ft.McClellan in Anniston,Alabama.Four scenarios were compared with varying degrees of time required for manual deconstruction of the barracks-100%Manual,44%Manual,26%Manual,and 100%Mechanical.Data were collected directly from the site and applied using SimaPro modeling software(PréAssociates,The Netherlands),considering two post-deconstruction options.Materials salvaged using either 100%or 44%Manual deconstruction and reused within a 20-mile radius of the deconstruction site yielded the most favorable environmental and health impacts.The significant impacts involved in the life cycle of diesel fuel required for transportation emphasize the need for developing reuse strategies for deconstructed materials at the regional level.
基金Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41590840,No.41590842The Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of SciencesPan-Third Pole Environment Study for a Green Silk Road(Pan-TPE),No.XDA20040400。
文摘The Beautiful China Initiative(BCI)is a plan for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation as well as for China to fulfill the United Nations’2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.The Chinese government’s“five-in-one”approach provides strategic arrangements for developing the BCI,and President Xi Jinping proposed a timetable and“road map”for the BCI at the National Conference on Ecological and Environmental Protection.Nevertheless,the theoretical basis,evaluation index system,evaluation criteria and effectiveness of the BCI are currently unclear.This paper begins by exploring the basic content of the BCI from narrow and broad perspectives.It regards the theory of human-nature harmonious coexistence and the five-in-one beauty theory as the core theoretical bases of the BCI and constructs a five-element BCI evaluation index system(ecological environment,green development,social harmony,system perfection and cultural heritage)and utilizes the assessment method of the United Nations’Human Development Index to assess scientifically the effectiveness of the BCI in 341 prefecture-level cities.The results show the average BCI index(the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beauty Index)score to be 0.28,which is quite low,while the average scores for the individual element indexes of the ecological environment index,green development index,social harmony index,system perfection index and cultural heritage index are 0.6,0.22,0.29,0.22 and 0.07,respectively.All of these are relatively low values,with relatively large discrepancies in regional development,indicating that progress in the BCI is generally slow and unbalanced.To realize the BCI’s timetable and roadmap to a high quality and high standard,it is suggested that a common system for evaluating the progress of the BCI is developed and promulgated so that dynamic monitoring and phased evaluations can take place;BCI technical assessment standards are compiled and published;BCI comprehensive zoning is undertaken;pilot projects adapted to local conditions are launched in BCI sample areas;and BCI results are incorporated into performance indicators at all levels of government.
文摘Nanowires with inhomogeneous heterostructures such as polytypes and periodic twin boundaries are interesting due to their potential use as components for optical, electrical, and thermophysical applications. Additionally, the incorporation of metal impurities in semiconductor nanowires could substantially alter their electronic and optical properties. In this highlight article, we review our recent progress and understanding in the deliberate induction of imperfections, in terms of both twin boundaries and additional impurities in germanium nanowires for new/enhanced functionalities. The role of catalysts and catalyst-nanowire interfaces for the growth of engineered nanowires via a three-phase paradigm is explored. Three-phase bottom-up growth is a feasible way to incorporate and engineer imperfections such as crystal defects and impurities in semiconductor nanowires via catalyst and/or interfacial manipulation. ＂Epitaxial defect transfer＂ process and catalyst-nanowire interfacial engineering are employed to induce twin defects parallel and perpendicular to the nanowire growth axis. By inducing and manipulating twin boundaries in the metal catalysts, twin formation and density are controlled in Ge nanowires. The formation of Ge polytypes is also observed in nanowires for the growth of highly dense lateral twin boundaries. Additionally, metal impurity in the form of Sn is injected and engineered via third-party metal catalysts resulting in above-equilibrium incorporation of Sn adatoms in Ge nanowires. Sn impurities are precipitated into Ge bi-layers during Ge nanowire growth, where the impurity Sn atoms become trapped with the deposition of successive layers, thus giving an extraordinary Sn content （〉6 at.%） in Ge nanowires. A larger amount of Sn impingement （〉9 at.%） is further encouraged by utilizing the eutectic solubility of Sn in Ge along with impurity trapping.
