Approximately 20%of colorectal cancer(CRC)patients present with metastasis at diagnosis.Among Stage I-III CRC patients who undergo surgical resection,18%typically suffer from distal metastasis within the first three y...Approximately 20%of colorectal cancer(CRC)patients present with metastasis at diagnosis.Among Stage I-III CRC patients who undergo surgical resection,18%typically suffer from distal metastasis within the first three years following initial treatment.The median survival duration after the diagnosis of metastatic CRC(mCRC)is only 9 mo.mCRC is traditionally considered to be an advanced stage malignancy or is thought to be caused by incomplete resection of tumor tissue,allowing cancer cells to spread from primary to distant organs;however,increa-sing evidence suggests that the mCRC process can begin early in tumor development.CRC patients present with high heterogeneity and diverse cancer phenotypes that are classified on the basis of molecular and morphological alterations.Different genomic and nongenomic events can induce subclone diversity,which leads to cancer and metastasis.Throughout the course of mCRC,metastatic cascades are associated with invasive cancer cell migration through the circulatory system,extravasation,distal seeding,dormancy,and reactivation,with each step requiring specific molecular functions.However,cancer cells presenting neoantigens can be recognized and eliminated by the immune system.In this review,we explain the biological factors that drive CRC metastasis,namely,genomic instability,epigenetic instability,the metastatic cascade,the cancer-immunity cycle,and external lifestyle factors.Despite remarkable progress in CRC research,the role of molecular classification in therapeutic intervention remains unclear.This review shows the driving factors of mCRC which may help in identifying potential candidate biomarkers that can improve the diagnosis and early detection of mCRC cases.展开更多
Owing to the far-reaching environmental consequences of agriculture and food systems,such as their contribution to climate change,there is an urgent need to reduce their impact.International and national governments s...Owing to the far-reaching environmental consequences of agriculture and food systems,such as their contribution to climate change,there is an urgent need to reduce their impact.International and national governments set sustainability targets and implement corresponding measures.Nevertheless,critics of the globalized system claim that a territorial administrative scale is better suited to address sustainability issues.Yet,at the subnational level,local authorities rarely apply a systemic environmental assessment to enhance their action plans.This paper employs a territorial life cycle assessment methodology to improve local environmental agri-food planning.The objective is to identify significant direct and indirect environmental hotspots,their origins,and formulate effective mitigation strategies.The methodology is applied to the administrative department of Finistere,a strategic agricultural region in North-Western France.Multiple environmental criteria including climate change,fossil resource scarcity,toxicity,and land use are modeled.The findings reveal that the primary environmental hotspots of the studied local food system arise from indirect sources,such as livestock feed or diesel consumption.Livestock reduction and organic farming conversion emerge as the most environmentally efficient strategies,resulting in a 25%decrease in the climate change indicator.However,the overall modeled impact reduction is insufficient following national objectives and remains limited for the land use indicator.These results highlight the innovative application of life cycle assessment led at a local level,offering insights for the further advancement of systematic and prospective local agri-food assessment.Additionally,they provide guidance for local authorities to enhance the sustainability of planning strategies.展开更多
The current investigation offers an innovative synthetic solution regarding electrochromic(EC)and energy storage applications by exploring phenoxazine(POZ)moiety.Subsequently,three POZ-based polymers(polyimide,polyazo...The current investigation offers an innovative synthetic solution regarding electrochromic(EC)and energy storage applications by exploring phenoxazine(POZ)moiety.Subsequently,three POZ-based polymers(polyimide,polyazomethine,and polyamide)were synthesized to ascertain the superior performer.The polyamide exhibited remarkable attributes,including high redox stability during 500 repetitive CVs,optical contrast of 61.98%,rapid response times of 1.02 and 1.38 s for coloring and bleaching,EC efficiency of 280 cm^(2)C^(-1).and decays of the optical density and EC efficiency of only 12.18%and 6.23%after 1000 cycles.Then,the energy storage performance of polyamide PA was tested,for which the following parameters were obtained:74.7 F g^(-1)(CV,scan rate of 10 mV s^(-1))and 118 F g^(-1)(GCD,charging current of 0.1 A g^(-1)).Then,the polyamide was tested in EES devices,which yielded the following EC parameters:an optical contrast of 62.15%,response times of 9.24 and 5.01 s for coloring and bleaching,EC efficiency of 178 cm^(2)C^(-1),and moderate decays of 20.25%and 23.24%for the optical density and EC efficiency after 500 cycles.The energy storage performance included a capacitance of 106 F g^(-1)(CV,scan rate of 0.1 mV s^(-1))and 9.23 F g^(-1)(GCD,charging current of 0.1 A g^(-1)),capacitance decay of 11.9%after500 cycles,and 1.7 V retention after 2 h.Also,two EES devices connected in series powered a 3 V LED for almost 30 s.展开更多
The use of anticoagulation therapy could prove to be controversial when trying to balance ischemic stroke and intracranial bleeding risks in patients with concurrent cerebral amyloid angiopathy(CAA)and atrial fibrilla...The use of anticoagulation therapy could prove to be controversial when trying to balance ischemic stroke and intracranial bleeding risks in patients with concurrent cerebral amyloid angiopathy(CAA)and atrial fibrillation(AF).In fact,CAA is an age-related cerebral vasculopathy that predisposes patients to intracerebral hemorrhage.Nevertheless,many AF patients require oral systemic dose-adjusted warfarin,direct oral anticoagulants(such as factor Xa inhibitors)or direct thrombin inhibitors to control often associated with cardioembolic stroke risk.The prevalence of both CAA and AF is expected to rise,due to the aging of the population.This clinical dilemma is becoming increasingly common.In patients with coexisting AF and CAA,the risks/benefits profile of anticoagulant therapy must be assessed for each patient individually due to the lack of a clear-cut consensus with regard to its risks in scientific literature.This review aims to provide an overview of the management of patients with concomitant AF and CAA and proposes the implementation of a risk-based decision-making algorithm.展开更多
This manuscript explores the potential use of Remimazolam in the intensive care unit(ICU)and critical care units,considering its pharmacological characteristics,clinical applications,advantages,and comparative effecti...This manuscript explores the potential use of Remimazolam in the intensive care unit(ICU)and critical care units,considering its pharmacological characteristics,clinical applications,advantages,and comparative effectiveness over current sedatives and anesthetics.We reviewed existing PubMed and Google Scholar literature to find relevant studies on Remimazolam in ICU.We created search criteria using a combination of free text words,including Remimazolam,critical care,intensive care,sedation,anesthesia,pharmacokinetics,and pharmacodynamics.Relevant articles published in the English language were analyzed and incorporated.Remimazolam is an ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine derivative promising for sedation and anesthesia.It is a safer option for hemodynamically unstable,elderly,or liver or kidney issues.It also has comparable deep sedation properties to propofol in the ICU.Furthermore,it reduces post-procedural delirium and patient comfort and reduces the need for additional sedatives in pediatric patients.In conclusion,Remimazolam is an excellent alternative to current sedatives and anesthetics in the ICU.Its cost is comparable to that of current medications.Further research on its long-term safety in the ICU and its broader application and incorporation into routine use is necessary.展开更多
Radar Absorbing Materials(RAM)are a class of composites that can attenuate incident electromagnetic waves to avoid radar detection.Most carbon allotropes that have the potential to be used as RAM are either carbon nan...Radar Absorbing Materials(RAM)are a class of composites that can attenuate incident electromagnetic waves to avoid radar detection.Most carbon allotropes that have the potential to be used as RAM are either carbon nano-tubes(CNTs),graphene,carbon black(CB)and ultimately,sustainable porous carbon(SPC).Here,black wattle bark waste(following tannin extraction)was used as a sustainable source to produce SPC made from biomass waste.It was characterized and used as afiller for a silicone rubber matrix to produce aflexible RAM.The elec-tromagnetic performance of this composite was compared with composites made with commercial CB and CNT through reflection loss(RL),where-10 dB is equivalent to 90%of attenuation.These composites were evaluated in single-layer,double-layer,and as radar absorbing structures(RAS)with the aim of improving their effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)performances and a reduction in costs.The CNT composite presented a RL of-26.85 dB at 10.89 GHz and an EAB of 2.6 GHz with a 1.9 mm thickness,while the double-layer structures using CNT and SPC provided a RL of-19.74 dB at 10.75 GHz and an EAB of 2.51 GHz.Furthermore,the double-layer structures are~42%cheaper than the composite using only CNT since less material is used.Finally,the largest EAB was achieved with a RAS using SPC,reaching~2.8 GHz and a RL of-49.09 dB at 10.4 GHz.Summarizing,SPC made of black wattle bark waste can be a competitive,alternative material for use as RAM and RAS since it is cheaper,sustainable,and suitable for daily life uses such as absorbers for anechoic chambers,sensors,and elec-tromagnetic interference shields for electronics,wallets,vehicles,and others.展开更多
Historical insights into medicine and food homology(MFH)Evolution of the MFH theory MFH,a basic concept in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),suggests that many materials function as both food and medicine,providing no...Historical insights into medicine and food homology(MFH)Evolution of the MFH theory MFH,a basic concept in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),suggests that many materials function as both food and medicine,providing nourishment and simultaneously treating ailments.This concept has evolved significantly throughout TCM history^([1]).Integral to this evolution was the discovery of certain materials with dual purposes during early searches for food.These materials not only offer sustenance and nutrition but are also capable of treating simple illnesses^([2]).展开更多
To solve the problems of rock strength increase caused by high in-situ stress,the stress release method with rock slot in the bottom hole by an ultra-high-pressure water jet is proposed.The stress conditions of bottom...To solve the problems of rock strength increase caused by high in-situ stress,the stress release method with rock slot in the bottom hole by an ultra-high-pressure water jet is proposed.The stress conditions of bottom hole rock,before and after slotting are analyzed and the stress release mechanism of slotting is clarified.The results show that the stress release by slotting is due to the coupling of three factors:the relief of horizontal stress,the stress concentration zone distancing away from the cutting face,and the increase of pore pressure caused by rock mass expansion;The stress concentration increases the effective stress of rock along the radial distance from O.6R to 1R(R is the radius of the well),and the presence of groove completely releases the stress,it also allows the stress concentration zone to be pushed away from the cutting face,while significantly lowering the value of stresses in the area the drilling bit acting,the maximum stress release efficiency can reach 80%.The effect of slotting characteristics on release efficiency is obvious when the groove location is near the borehole wall.With the increase of groove depth,the stress release efficiency is significantly increased,and the release range of effective stress is enlarged along the axial direction.Therefore,the stress release method and results of simulations in this paper have a guiding significance for best-improving rock-breaking efficiency and further understanding the technique.展开更多
Diabetes is a major global public health issue.The prevalence of type 1 diabetes is comparatively static,as hereditary and genetic causes are involved,while type 2 diabetes(T2D)prevalence is increasing day by day.T2D ...Diabetes is a major global public health issue.The prevalence of type 1 diabetes is comparatively static,as hereditary and genetic causes are involved,while type 2 diabetes(T2D)prevalence is increasing day by day.T2D is associated with chronic complications,including diabetic neuropathy(DN),nephropathy,retinopathy,and other complications like diabetic foot.DN is the main complication of both types of diabetes.DN can be diagnosed by routine laboratory tests,microalbuminuria>300 mg/24 h,and a gradual decrease in glomerular filtration rate.As the appearance of microalbuminuria is a late manifestation,an early marker for renal damage is needed.Lipocalin-2,also known as neutrophil gelatinaseassociated lipocalin(NGAL),is a small protein purified from neutrophil granules and a good marker for kidney disease.NGAL is a transporter protein responsible for many physiological processes,such as inflammation,generation of the immune response,and metabolic homeostasis.NGAL has been reported to depict the early changes in renal damage when urine microalbumin is still undetecable.Therefore,elucidating the role of NGAL in detecting DN and understanding its mechanism can help establish it as a potential early marker for DN.展开更多
The article titled“Three medicines and three formulas in COVID-19:from bench to bedside”introduces the clinical effects and mechanisms of three medicinal products and three prescription formulas(TMTF)from traditiona...The article titled“Three medicines and three formulas in COVID-19:from bench to bedside”introduces the clinical effects and mechanisms of three medicinal products and three prescription formulas(TMTF)from traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)as used during the COVID-19 pandemic[1].展开更多
文摘Approximately 20%of colorectal cancer(CRC)patients present with metastasis at diagnosis.Among Stage I-III CRC patients who undergo surgical resection,18%typically suffer from distal metastasis within the first three years following initial treatment.The median survival duration after the diagnosis of metastatic CRC(mCRC)is only 9 mo.mCRC is traditionally considered to be an advanced stage malignancy or is thought to be caused by incomplete resection of tumor tissue,allowing cancer cells to spread from primary to distant organs;however,increa-sing evidence suggests that the mCRC process can begin early in tumor development.CRC patients present with high heterogeneity and diverse cancer phenotypes that are classified on the basis of molecular and morphological alterations.Different genomic and nongenomic events can induce subclone diversity,which leads to cancer and metastasis.Throughout the course of mCRC,metastatic cascades are associated with invasive cancer cell migration through the circulatory system,extravasation,distal seeding,dormancy,and reactivation,with each step requiring specific molecular functions.However,cancer cells presenting neoantigens can be recognized and eliminated by the immune system.In this review,we explain the biological factors that drive CRC metastasis,namely,genomic instability,epigenetic instability,the metastatic cascade,the cancer-immunity cycle,and external lifestyle factors.Despite remarkable progress in CRC research,the role of molecular classification in therapeutic intervention remains unclear.This review shows the driving factors of mCRC which may help in identifying potential candidate biomarkers that can improve the diagnosis and early detection of mCRC cases.
文摘Owing to the far-reaching environmental consequences of agriculture and food systems,such as their contribution to climate change,there is an urgent need to reduce their impact.International and national governments set sustainability targets and implement corresponding measures.Nevertheless,critics of the globalized system claim that a territorial administrative scale is better suited to address sustainability issues.Yet,at the subnational level,local authorities rarely apply a systemic environmental assessment to enhance their action plans.This paper employs a territorial life cycle assessment methodology to improve local environmental agri-food planning.The objective is to identify significant direct and indirect environmental hotspots,their origins,and formulate effective mitigation strategies.The methodology is applied to the administrative department of Finistere,a strategic agricultural region in North-Western France.Multiple environmental criteria including climate change,fossil resource scarcity,toxicity,and land use are modeled.The findings reveal that the primary environmental hotspots of the studied local food system arise from indirect sources,such as livestock feed or diesel consumption.Livestock reduction and organic farming conversion emerge as the most environmentally efficient strategies,resulting in a 25%decrease in the climate change indicator.However,the overall modeled impact reduction is insufficient following national objectives and remains limited for the land use indicator.These results highlight the innovative application of life cycle assessment led at a local level,offering insights for the further advancement of systematic and prospective local agri-food assessment.Additionally,they provide guidance for local authorities to enhance the sustainability of planning strategies.
基金supported by a grant of the Ministry of Research,Innovation and Digitization,CNCS–UEFISCDI,project number PNIII-P1-1.1-TE-2021-1110PNCDI III,contract number TE 83/2022,and project number PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2019-3520PNCDI III,contract number 438PED/2020。
文摘The current investigation offers an innovative synthetic solution regarding electrochromic(EC)and energy storage applications by exploring phenoxazine(POZ)moiety.Subsequently,three POZ-based polymers(polyimide,polyazomethine,and polyamide)were synthesized to ascertain the superior performer.The polyamide exhibited remarkable attributes,including high redox stability during 500 repetitive CVs,optical contrast of 61.98%,rapid response times of 1.02 and 1.38 s for coloring and bleaching,EC efficiency of 280 cm^(2)C^(-1).and decays of the optical density and EC efficiency of only 12.18%and 6.23%after 1000 cycles.Then,the energy storage performance of polyamide PA was tested,for which the following parameters were obtained:74.7 F g^(-1)(CV,scan rate of 10 mV s^(-1))and 118 F g^(-1)(GCD,charging current of 0.1 A g^(-1)).Then,the polyamide was tested in EES devices,which yielded the following EC parameters:an optical contrast of 62.15%,response times of 9.24 and 5.01 s for coloring and bleaching,EC efficiency of 178 cm^(2)C^(-1),and moderate decays of 20.25%and 23.24%for the optical density and EC efficiency after 500 cycles.The energy storage performance included a capacitance of 106 F g^(-1)(CV,scan rate of 0.1 mV s^(-1))and 9.23 F g^(-1)(GCD,charging current of 0.1 A g^(-1)),capacitance decay of 11.9%after500 cycles,and 1.7 V retention after 2 h.Also,two EES devices connected in series powered a 3 V LED for almost 30 s.
文摘The use of anticoagulation therapy could prove to be controversial when trying to balance ischemic stroke and intracranial bleeding risks in patients with concurrent cerebral amyloid angiopathy(CAA)and atrial fibrillation(AF).In fact,CAA is an age-related cerebral vasculopathy that predisposes patients to intracerebral hemorrhage.Nevertheless,many AF patients require oral systemic dose-adjusted warfarin,direct oral anticoagulants(such as factor Xa inhibitors)or direct thrombin inhibitors to control often associated with cardioembolic stroke risk.The prevalence of both CAA and AF is expected to rise,due to the aging of the population.This clinical dilemma is becoming increasingly common.In patients with coexisting AF and CAA,the risks/benefits profile of anticoagulant therapy must be assessed for each patient individually due to the lack of a clear-cut consensus with regard to its risks in scientific literature.This review aims to provide an overview of the management of patients with concomitant AF and CAA and proposes the implementation of a risk-based decision-making algorithm.
文摘This manuscript explores the potential use of Remimazolam in the intensive care unit(ICU)and critical care units,considering its pharmacological characteristics,clinical applications,advantages,and comparative effectiveness over current sedatives and anesthetics.We reviewed existing PubMed and Google Scholar literature to find relevant studies on Remimazolam in ICU.We created search criteria using a combination of free text words,including Remimazolam,critical care,intensive care,sedation,anesthesia,pharmacokinetics,and pharmacodynamics.Relevant articles published in the English language were analyzed and incorporated.Remimazolam is an ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine derivative promising for sedation and anesthesia.It is a safer option for hemodynamically unstable,elderly,or liver or kidney issues.It also has comparable deep sedation properties to propofol in the ICU.Furthermore,it reduces post-procedural delirium and patient comfort and reduces the need for additional sedatives in pediatric patients.In conclusion,Remimazolam is an excellent alternative to current sedatives and anesthetics in the ICU.Its cost is comparable to that of current medications.Further research on its long-term safety in the ICU and its broader application and incorporation into routine use is necessary.
文摘Radar Absorbing Materials(RAM)are a class of composites that can attenuate incident electromagnetic waves to avoid radar detection.Most carbon allotropes that have the potential to be used as RAM are either carbon nano-tubes(CNTs),graphene,carbon black(CB)and ultimately,sustainable porous carbon(SPC).Here,black wattle bark waste(following tannin extraction)was used as a sustainable source to produce SPC made from biomass waste.It was characterized and used as afiller for a silicone rubber matrix to produce aflexible RAM.The elec-tromagnetic performance of this composite was compared with composites made with commercial CB and CNT through reflection loss(RL),where-10 dB is equivalent to 90%of attenuation.These composites were evaluated in single-layer,double-layer,and as radar absorbing structures(RAS)with the aim of improving their effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)performances and a reduction in costs.The CNT composite presented a RL of-26.85 dB at 10.89 GHz and an EAB of 2.6 GHz with a 1.9 mm thickness,while the double-layer structures using CNT and SPC provided a RL of-19.74 dB at 10.75 GHz and an EAB of 2.51 GHz.Furthermore,the double-layer structures are~42%cheaper than the composite using only CNT since less material is used.Finally,the largest EAB was achieved with a RAS using SPC,reaching~2.8 GHz and a RL of-49.09 dB at 10.4 GHz.Summarizing,SPC made of black wattle bark waste can be a competitive,alternative material for use as RAM and RAS since it is cheaper,sustainable,and suitable for daily life uses such as absorbers for anechoic chambers,sensors,and elec-tromagnetic interference shields for electronics,wallets,vehicles,and others.
基金supported,in part,by Natural Science Foundation of China(82274403,T2341004,82321004,82174054)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023B1515020020,2023B1515040016,2021B1515120023)+4 种基金Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A04J6406)China Association of Chinese Medicine(CACM-2022-QNRC2-B08)K.C.Wong Education Foundation,the Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(2017BT01Y036),GDUPS(2019),Innovation Team Project of Guangdong Provincial Department of Education(2020KCXTD003)Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine&Disease Susceptibility(2024A03J090)Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2023LSYS002).
文摘Historical insights into medicine and food homology(MFH)Evolution of the MFH theory MFH,a basic concept in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),suggests that many materials function as both food and medicine,providing nourishment and simultaneously treating ailments.This concept has evolved significantly throughout TCM history^([1]).Integral to this evolution was the discovery of certain materials with dual purposes during early searches for food.These materials not only offer sustenance and nutrition but are also capable of treating simple illnesses^([2]).
基金support of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFE0111400)the Shandong provincial natural science foundation(No.ZR2019MEE120)the horizon programme of the EU's funding of the ORCH YD project,EU-H2020(101006752-ORCHYD).
文摘To solve the problems of rock strength increase caused by high in-situ stress,the stress release method with rock slot in the bottom hole by an ultra-high-pressure water jet is proposed.The stress conditions of bottom hole rock,before and after slotting are analyzed and the stress release mechanism of slotting is clarified.The results show that the stress release by slotting is due to the coupling of three factors:the relief of horizontal stress,the stress concentration zone distancing away from the cutting face,and the increase of pore pressure caused by rock mass expansion;The stress concentration increases the effective stress of rock along the radial distance from O.6R to 1R(R is the radius of the well),and the presence of groove completely releases the stress,it also allows the stress concentration zone to be pushed away from the cutting face,while significantly lowering the value of stresses in the area the drilling bit acting,the maximum stress release efficiency can reach 80%.The effect of slotting characteristics on release efficiency is obvious when the groove location is near the borehole wall.With the increase of groove depth,the stress release efficiency is significantly increased,and the release range of effective stress is enlarged along the axial direction.Therefore,the stress release method and results of simulations in this paper have a guiding significance for best-improving rock-breaking efficiency and further understanding the technique.
文摘Diabetes is a major global public health issue.The prevalence of type 1 diabetes is comparatively static,as hereditary and genetic causes are involved,while type 2 diabetes(T2D)prevalence is increasing day by day.T2D is associated with chronic complications,including diabetic neuropathy(DN),nephropathy,retinopathy,and other complications like diabetic foot.DN is the main complication of both types of diabetes.DN can be diagnosed by routine laboratory tests,microalbuminuria>300 mg/24 h,and a gradual decrease in glomerular filtration rate.As the appearance of microalbuminuria is a late manifestation,an early marker for renal damage is needed.Lipocalin-2,also known as neutrophil gelatinaseassociated lipocalin(NGAL),is a small protein purified from neutrophil granules and a good marker for kidney disease.NGAL is a transporter protein responsible for many physiological processes,such as inflammation,generation of the immune response,and metabolic homeostasis.NGAL has been reported to depict the early changes in renal damage when urine microalbumin is still undetecable.Therefore,elucidating the role of NGAL in detecting DN and understanding its mechanism can help establish it as a potential early marker for DN.
基金supported by the Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine (22HHZYSS00001).
文摘The article titled“Three medicines and three formulas in COVID-19:from bench to bedside”introduces the clinical effects and mechanisms of three medicinal products and three prescription formulas(TMTF)from traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)as used during the COVID-19 pandemic[1].
