The Efficacy of Deep Learning-Based Mixed Model for Speech Emotion Recognition

Human speech indirectly represents the mental state or emotion of others.The use of Artificial Intelligence(AI)-based techniques may bring revolution in this modern era by recognizing emotion from speech.In this study,we introduced a robust method for emotion recognition from human speech using a well-performed preprocessing technique together with the deep learning-based mixed model consisting of Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)and Convolutional Neural Network(CNN).About 2800 audio files were extracted from the Toronto emotional speech set(TESS)database for this study.A high pass and Savitzky Golay Filter have been used to obtain noise-free as well as smooth audio data.A total of seven types of emotions;Angry,Disgust,Fear,Happy,Neutral,Pleasant-surprise,and Sad were used in this study.Energy,Fundamental frequency,and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient(MFCC)have been used to extract the emotion features,and these features resulted in 97.5%accuracy in the mixed LSTM+CNN model.This mixed model is found to be performed better than the usual state-of-the-art models in emotion recognition from speech.It also indicates that this mixed model could be effectively utilized in advanced research dealing with sound processing.

Phytopharmacological evaluation of ethanol extract of Sida cordifolia L.roots

Objective:To investigate the phytochemical screening(group determination)and selected pharmacological activities(antioxidant,antimicrobial and analgesic activity)of the plant Sida cordifolia Linn(S.cordifolia).Methods:Eighty percent concentrated ethanol extract of the roots was used.To identify the chemical constituents of plant extract standard procedures were followed.In phytochemical screening the crude extract was tested for the presence of different chemical groups like reducing sugar,tannins,saponins,steroids,flavonoids,gums,alkaloids and glycosides.The antioxidant property of ethanolic extract of S.cordifolia was assessed by DPPH free radical scavenging activity.Analgesic activity of the extract was tested using the model of acetic acid induced writhing in mice.Diclofenac sodium is used as reference standard drug for the analgesic activity test Antibacterial activity of plant extract was carried out using disc diffusion method with five pathogenic bacteria comparison with kanamycin as a standard.Results:Phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic extract of the roots of S.cordifolia indicated the presence of reducing sugar,alkaloids,steroids and saponins.In DPPH scavenging assay the IC_(50)value was found to be 50 ug/mL which was not comparable to the standard ascorbic acid.The crude extract produced 44.3%inhibition of writhing at the dose of 300 mg/kg body weight which is statistically significant(P>0.001).The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract of the roots of S.cordifolia showed no antimicrobial activity against five types of microorganisms.The experiment was conducted only with five species of bacteria as test species,which do not at all indicate the total inactivity against micro-organisms.Condusions:The obtained results provide a support for the use of this plant in traditional medicine but further pharmacological studies are required.

Risk Factors Predicting Hypovitaminosis D in Children in South-East Region of Bangladesh

Background: Hypovitaminosis D (serum concentration of 25(OH)D Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study having conducted at a paediatric clinic in Chittagong Metropolitan City from July, 2012 to December, 2017 including 524 children of 0 - 18 years by convenient sampling. The relevant data were assessed using standard case record form and lab parameter of 25(OH)D assay. Serum level of 25(OH)D of Results: The prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D was 50.57%. Compared with the infancy age group the odds of Hypovitaminosis D is 1.36 times more likely in >5 yrs children. The odds of association (odds ratio or OR = 0.19) of rural population with Hypovitaminosis D is lower than urban population. The formula fed children had less chance of association (OR = 0.32) of developing hypovitaminosis D in comparison to exclusively breastfed babies. Occasional Sun exposed group was 1.40 times more likely to develop hypovitaminosis D in comparison to daily sun exposure group. The odds of Hypovitaminosis D were 1.9 times more in winter season than summer season. School going children had double the chance of Hypovitaminosis D than children with no education. Subjects with high weight for age were 3.65 times increased risk of suffering from hypovitaminosis D compared with normal weight for age. Girls had a little bit more chance of hypovitaminosis D than boys. Children coming from family with monthly Income > 10,000 BDT are associated with more Hypovitaminosis D. Among clinical variables only wheeze has significant association (OR = 1.83). Conclusion: Hypovitaminosis D (<20 ng/ml) prevails significantly among Infants and children of South-East region of Bangladesh. Age, area of residence, feeding pattern, sun exposure practice, seasons, schooling pattern, weight for age have strong association with Hypovitaminosis D.

A cross sectional study on antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonella typhi clinical isolates from Bangladesh

Objective:To investigate and compare the resistance and sensitivity of Salmonella typhi samples to commonly used antibiotics in three major divisions of Bangladesh and to evaluate the gradually developing resistance pattern.Methods:The antibiotic susceptibility of 70 clinical isolates collected from blood,sputum,urine and pus samples were identified by specific antisera and with standard biochemical tests.The patients were divided into 5 age groups.Susceptibility and resistance was also tested by KirbyBauer disc-diffusion method using 12 regularly used antibiotics.Results:Antibiotic susceptibility test demonstrated that 64.28%isolates of Salmonella typhi were multidrug resistant.Present study suggests that the clinical samples were mostly resistant against nalidixic acid with all age groups and in all three divisions with similar resistance pattern.Resistance is more common among adult people(30-40 years)and children(0-10 years).Salmonella typhi was mostly sensitive against gentamycin,chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin.Conclusions:Although the population density of Dhaka region is markedly higher than Rajshahi and Chittagong regions,no significant difference in resistance pattern was found.The rate of multidrug resistance is a matter of concern.Physicians should reconsider before prescribing nalidixic acid and cefixime.Further molecular study is needed to reveal the genomic and proteomic basis of resistance.

Triple Differential Cross-Sections for Ionization of H(3d) by Incident Electron

Triple differential cross sections (TDCS) are estimated for the ionization of metastable 3d-state hydrogen atoms by electron at 250 eV for various kinematic conditions pursuing a multiple scattering theory. The present new results are compared with the theoretical results of hydrogenic different metastable states as well as the hydrogenic ground state experimental data. Obtained new finding results are in good qualitative agreement with those of compared theories. The present results give an immense opportunity for experimental trial in the field of ionization problems.

IN VITRO ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF TUMOR-INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES FROM HUMAN GASTRIC CARCINOMA

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) isolated from 11 gastric carcinoma were studied. TIL could grow for a long-term in medium containing recombi-nant interleukin-2(rlL-2). The mean expansion fold achieved in 6 long-term cultures of 11 specimens was 15.1. RIL-2 expanded gastric TIL exhibited significant cytotoxicity against K562, BGC823, MCF-7 and more effective antitumor cytotoxicity against fresh autologous tumor targets and human gastric cancer cell line. Peak cytotoxicity was shown in the third or fourth week after cultures. Cryopreservation of gastric TIL didn't influence their expansion capacity and antitumor activity. Phenotypic analysis was demonstrated in this study. The results of present study indicate that TIL from human gastric carcinoma could be expanded and reach high levels of antitumor effector function in long-term cultures with rIL-2. Their function may be of clinical importance.

Role of T cells in cancer immunotherapy:Opportunities and challenges

Immunotherapies boosting the immune system's ability to target cancer cells are promising for the treatment of various tumor types,yet clinical responses differ among patients and cancers.Recently,there has been increasing interest in novel cancer immunotherapy practices aimed at triggering T cell-mediated anti-tumor responses.Antigen-directed cytotoxicity mediated by T lymphocytes has become a central focal point in the battle against cancer utilizing the immune system.The molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the actions of T lymphocytes have directed new therapeutic approaches in cancer immunotherapy,including checkpoint blockade,adoptive and chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T cell therapy,and cancer vaccinology.This review addresses all the strategies targeting tumor pathogenesis,including metabolic pathways,to evaluate the clinical significance of current and future immunotherapies for patients with cancer,which are further engaged in T cell activation,differentiation,and response against tumors.

Final Results and Recommendations of the Last 10 Years IGCP 572 and 630 Field Workshops in South Turkey, Oman, India(Kashmir) and Armenia

Being involved in the organization of IGCP 572 field workshops in Turkey （2009）, in Oman （2010）, as in the following IGCP 630 field workshops in Kashmir （India, 2014） and in Armenia （2017）, I co-wrote for each of them detailed guidebooks and extended reports that can be found and downloaded from ResearchGate website. This paper summarizes the final results obtained by IGCP 572 and 630 members from these four important field workshop sites in the past I0 years, and also attempts to make recommendations for future studies based on these unique localities surrounding the Tethys Ocean. The first field workshop of IGCP 572 was organized in South Turkey in September, 2009, with the logistical support of Dr. Erdal Kosun from the Antalya University. Following the South Turkey field workshop, eight important papers have been published and concerned the well-preserved Permian-Triassic boundary （PTB） microbialites and their ecosystems （including ostraeodes, brachiopods, and many of other clades）. The 3rd IGCP 572 annual field workshop was held during February, 2010 in the Sultanate of Oman, with Dr. Michaela Bernecker and the deep support from the GuTech University in Muscat. More than 15 papers have derived from the P-Tr successions that IGCP 572 members have investigated during this workshop, including the first study on oceanic acidification based on Boron isotopes. New paleontological studies are still on progress, and concern the Smithian ammonoids, Lower Triassic shark teeth and dental remains as well as basal Triassic conodonts, crinoids and ammonoids. The 1st IGCP 630 annual field workshop was held during November, 2014 in Srinagar, Kashmir, and North India, with the helpful assistance of Prof. Ghulam Bhat from Jammu University. This meeting renewed studies on the classic Guryul Ravine and adjacent P-Tr boundary sections in that region, with new geochemical works on carbon isotopes and pyrite framboids as well as a detailed Induan conodont taxonomy and zonatiou. Other new paleontological works concern the palynology of the Guryul Ravine Section as some well-preserved organic eukariotic protist （thecamoebians） that cross without damage the PTB. Lilit Sahakyan, Aymon Baud, and Zhong-Qiang Chen organized the 5th IGCP 630 annual conference and field workshop in Armenia on October 8-14, 2017. Several PTB and Lower Triassic sections have been systematically sampled for biogeochemical and geobiological studies. These Armenian sections provide unique paleoenvironmental settings that have the long- est record, from Griesbachian to Dienerian, of microbial proliferation following the P-Tr mass extinction in the world. The basal Triassic giant sponge-microbial build-ups are encouraging more compre- hensive studies on metazoan-microbial reef developments after the greatest extinction event.

Cytotoxic,antibacterial and analgesic activities of Rhaphidophora glauca(Wall.)Schott leaves

Objective:To investigation of cytotoxic,antimicrobial and analgesic activities of different fractions of Rhaphidophora glauca(Wall.)Schott.Methods:Two partially purified aqueous methanolic fractions from ethyl acetate extract(AMF-1)and chloroform extract(AMF-2)obtained from the partitioning were used in study.The cytotoxic effect was determined by brine shrimp lethality bioassay.Antibacterial activity was investigated by disc diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration methods.Hot plate method and acetic acid test was used for determining analgesic activity.Results:The LC_(50)values of AMF-1 and AMF-2 were found to be 287.73 and 428.54μg/mL respectively,where colchicines showed LC_(50)of 11.16μg/mL.The zone of inhibition of the fractions AMF-1 and AMF-2 was found to be in the range of 8-26 mm in 2000μg/disc,as compared to reference antibiotics kanamycin(11-28 mm at 30μg/disc)and ciprofloxacin(20-25 mm at 30μg/disc)indicating the antibacterial activity.In hot plate test,the highest pain inhibitory activity was found at a dose of 250 mg/kg for AMF-1 which was statistically significant(P<0.05)compared to both positive and negative control at 30 min interval.In acid induced model,both AMF-1 and AMF-2 at a dose of 500 mg/kg showed significant activity compared to positive and negative control.Conclusions:This study found that Rhaphidophora glauca possesses potential cytotoxic,antibacterial and analgesic activity.Further study may be needed to isolate the bioactive compounds responsible for different activities with subsequent mechanistic study.

The efficacy of deep learning based LSTM model in forecasting the outbreak of contagious diseases

The coronavirus disease that outbreak in 2019 has caused various health issues.According to the WHO,the first positive case was detected in Bangladesh on 7th March 2020,but while writing this paper in June 2021,the total confirmed,recovered,and death cases were 826922,766266 and 13118,respectively.Due to the emergence of COVID-19 in Bangladesh,the country is facing a major public health crisis.Unfortunately,the country does not have a comprehensive health policy to address this issue.This makes it hard to predict how the pandemic will affect the population.Machine learning techniques can help us detect the disease's spread.To predict the trend,parameters,risks,and to take preventive measure in Bangladesh;this work utilized the Recurrent Neural Networks based Deep Learning methodologies like LongShort-Term Memory.Here,we aim to predict the epidemic's progression for a period of more than a year under various scenarios in Bangladesh.We extracted the data for daily confirmed,recovered,and death cases from March 2020 to August 2021.The obtained Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)values of confirmed,recovered,and death cases indicates that our result is more accurate than other contemporary techniques.This study indicates that the LSTM model could be used effectively in predicting contagious diseases.The obtained results could help in explaining the seriousness of the situation,also mayhelp the authorities to take precautionary steps to control the situation.