Effect of Light Intensity and pH on Cell Density Assessed by Spectrophotometry for the Unicellular Algae Chlorella vulgaris

In this study, an effective environment for Chlorella vulgaris growth is sought after. As a substitute source of food and feed, increasing the cell density of Chlorella culture is one of the keys to ensuring sustainability. It can be showed from different studies that optimum light intensity and pH could increase cell density. In this study, the effects of light and pH on the growth rate of C. vulgaris were observed in photobioreactor. A specific wavelength (682 nm) was determined by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry to carry out the further analysis. The light intensities were set at 7409, 9261 and 11,113 lux;pH values were set at 7, 8 and 9 respectively. The experimental results depicted the light intensity of 9261 lux as the best due to the higher number of cells (48.56 × 106 cells/mL) obtained using this intensity. In terms of pH, without pH control, cell numbers were found to be highest under the light intensity of 9261 lux. When pH was controlled, it was found that under the optimum light intensity, pH control between 7.0 and 7.5 was the optimum range for the growth of C. vulgaris. Moreover, this method of study may possibly be a promising source of low cost culture for Chlorella vulgaris.

Matrix-Material Fabrication Technique and Thermogravimetric Analysis of Banana Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

From the environmental consideration,it would be very interesting to use natural fibers such as banana,jute or coir as reinforcement materials instead of artificial fibers or any kind of synthetic materials.Natural fibers have many advantages over synthetic ones.Polypropylene banana fiber composites(PPBC)are prepared using untreated and alkali-treated banana fibers at 10-25%by weight of the fiber loading.The thermal properties of polypropylene natural fiber composites are very important for technological uses.Thermogravimetric measurements show that the incorporation of banana fiber into PP enhances the thermal stability of composites containing treated fibers,in comparison with untreated fibers.A composite of biodegradable polypropylene(PP)reinforced with short banana natural fibers was prepared by melt blending followed by a hot press molding system.The thermal properties of matrix materials were studied using thermogravimetric analyzers TGA units.It is observed that the introduction of short banana fibers slightly improved the thermo oxidative stability of PP-banana composites.Physical and chemical changes occurred through dehydration,phase transition,molecular orientation,crystallinity disruption,oxidation and decomposition,and incorporation of several functional groups.Systematic investigations of the thermal behavior of polymers in gas,vacuum or inert atmosphere give the knowledge of how change takes place in polymers.To understand such changes thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)and thermal analysis(TG)were performed.It is observed reinforcement of short banana fiber leads to little improvement in the thermooxidative stability of PPBC.Due to the enhancement of thermo-mechanical properties,such composites may be used as building materials namely roof materials,selling materials and many other engineering applications.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Oxytetracycline Dihydrate from Aqueous Solution Using Nano ZnO and ZnO.xBaTiO3 (x = 3%, 18%, 33% and 48%)

Traditional wastewater mostly contains pharmaceutical ingredients. Therefore, the wastewater must be completely free from antibiotics before its release into the environment. In the present study, photocatalytic degradation was done to investigate the removal efficiency of Oxytetracycline Dihydrate (OTC) using ZnO, ZnO/3%BaTiO3 (3 BZ), ZnO/18%BaTiO3 (18 BZ), ZnO/ 33%BaTiO3 (33 BZ) and ZnO/48%BaTiO3 (48 BZ) under UV light. After the exposure time of 420 min, about 99.57% and 97.87% of OTC was degraded using ZnO and 3 BZ respectively. Further, increasing the amount of BaTiO3 in ZnO prolongs the degradation time. Therefore, faster efficiency was found using ZnO nanoparticles. The observed reaction rate constant using ZnO was 0.00933 min-1 which decreased to 0.00532 min-1 using 48 BZ, indicating the decrease of reaction rate for increasing the amount of BaTiO3. Hence, the use of ZnO photocatalyst is anticipated to be a promising technique for the photocatalytic degradation of contaminated wastewater with oxytetracycline antibiotics using UV light.

Nutritional quality and safety aspects of wild vegetables consume in Bangladesh

Objective: To evaluate the nutritional composition, including major minerals, essential trace elements and toxic heavy metals of five different wild vegetables Dhekishak(Dryopteris filix-mas), Helencha(Enhydra fluctuans), Kalmishak(Ipomoea aquatica),Patshak(Corchorus capsularis) and Shapla stem(Nymphaea stellata) and their safety aspects.Methods: Proximate parameters moisture, ash, fat, fiber, protein, carbohydrate and energy; major minerals Na, K, Ca and Mg; trace elements Fe, Zn and Cu; and toxic heavy metals Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni and Hg were evaluated in the selected wild vegetables using the standard food analysis techniques.Results: The results from nutritional analysis showed that all the wild vegetables used in this study had a low content of crude fat and high content of moisture, ash, crude protein,crude fiber, carbohydrate and energy having the recommended dietary allowances. The vegetables were also rich in major minerals Na, K, Ca and Mg, sufficient in essential trace elements Fe, Cu and Zn while the heavy metals Pb, Cr and Ni were detected higher in amount in all the vegetables except Patshak than the limits recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization. The heavy metals Cd and Hg were not detected in any vegetable.Conclusions: The outcome of this study suggests that the wild vegetables have very good nutritional potential to meet the recommended dietary allowances, but special awareness should be taken for public health concern about the high level of Pb, Cr and Ni which exceed the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization recommended limits for the metals in vegetables.

Comparative studies of elemental composition in leaves and flowers of Catharanthus roseus growing in Bangladesh

Objective:To investigate the elemental composition of the leaves and flowers of Catharanthus roseus(C.roseus) due to the plant's wide application in the indigenous medicinal system and its chemical constituents' importance.Methods:The atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used for quantitative analysis of various elements.Results:Total 13 important elements were analyzed in leaves and flowers of C.roseus.Results indicated the presence of Na,K,Ca,Mg,Cr,Fe,Zn,Al,Cu,Ni,Pb,Cd and Mn in both leaves and flowers.The most important finding of the work was that,leaves of C.roseus showed high concentration of all elements except K and Zn while flowers of C.roseus showed higher concentration of K and Zn.Conclusions:The elemental composition in both leaves and flowers of C.roseus were found to be different.Therefore,different parts of this medicinal plant are enriched in some micro and macro nutrients like Fe,Ca,Na,K,Zn,which are very important for biological metabolic system as well as human health.

Development of Modified Glasses by Transparent, Functional Hybrid Sol-Gel Nano-Ceramic Coatings, a Comparative Study

This paper concentrates on the development of glasses with self-cleaning surfaces exhibiting high water contact angles. In this study, we prepared super-hydrophobic nano-ceramic coated glass based on titania & silica using simple sol-gel & dip coating methods and studied the best composition of the coatings by altering ratios of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP)/tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) with different homogenizing agents. We characterized the coatings by surface roughness measurement, percentage of optical transmission, static contact angle, near-infrared (NIR) transmission, and diffuse reflectance. The fabrication of coatings on glass substrates played an important role in increasing the water contact angle of about 95° and visible & NIR transmission of about 90%. We compared our modified glass substrate with commercial low emissivity (Low E) glass using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, which showed pure amorphous surface claiming excellent wettability and thus the prepared glass substrate could have a variety of applications in different fields.

Extraction and characterization of alumina nanopowders from aluminum dross by acid dissolution process

A significant amount of aluminum dross is available as a waste in foundry industries in Bangladesh. In this study, alumina was extracted from aluminum dross collected from two foundry industries situated in Dhamrai and Manikgang, near the capital city, Dhaka. Aluminum dross samples were found to approximately contain 75wt% Al2O3 and 12wt% SiO2. An acid dissolution process was used to recover the alumina value from the dross. The effects of various parameters, e.g., temperature, acid concentration, and leaching time, on the extraction of alumina were studied to optimize the dissolution process. First, Al(OH)3 was produced in the form of a gel. Calcination of the Al(OH)3 gel at 1000°C, 1200°C, and 1400°C for 2 h produced θ-Al2O3,(α+θ)-Al2O3, and α-alumina powder, respectively. Thermal characterization of the Al(OH)3 gel was performed by thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis(TG/DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The phases and crystallite size of the alumina were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The dimensions of the alumina were found to be on the nano level. The chemical compositions of the aluminum dross and alumina were determined by X-ray fluorescence(XRF) spectroscopy. The microstructure and morphology of the alumina were studied with scanning electron microscopy. The purity of the alumina extracted in this study was found to be 99.0%. Thus, it is expected that the obtained alumina powders can be potentially utilized as biomaterials.

Comparative investigation of the free radical scavenging potential and anticancer property of Diospyros blancoi(Ebenaceae)

Objective: To investigate the comparative effects of Diospyros blancoi(Ebenaceae)leaves(DBL), root bark(DBRB) and stem bark(DBSB) on free radicals and cancer.Methods: The polyphenol contents, antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties were determined using standard spectrophotometric methods. Cytotoxicity and anticancer activities were performed on brine shrimp nauplii and Ehrlich ascite carcinoma cells, respectively.Results: Among the extracts, DBSB showed the highest total antioxidant capacity and reducing capacity on ferrous ion. Based on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, DBSB showed(95.760 ± 0.343)% and(67.460 ± 2.641)%scavenging with IC50of(3.10 ± 0.17) and(50.00 ± 3.11) mg/m L, respectively. The IC50 values of standard butylated hydroxytoluene and catechin(CA) for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl radicals were(8.50 ± 0.25) and(75.00 ± 0.14) mg/m L,respectively suggesting that DBSB had a significant(P < 0.05) radical scavenging activity than standards. In lipid peroxidation inhibition assay, the inhibitory activity of the extracts and the standard was in the following order: DBSB > DBRB > CA > DBL.Also, the phenolic [(139.91 ± 3.924) mg gallic acid equivalent/g] and flavonoid contents[(412.00 ± 16.70) mg catechin equivalent/g)] of DBSB were higher than that of other extracts. In addition, the DBSB showed the moderate cytotoxic and anticancer properties.Conclusions: Our results indicate that Diospyros blancoi stem bark had the significant highest antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties as well as moderate anticancer activity.Hence, we assume that the anticancer activity of this plant can be, at least in part, attributed to its content in phenolic compounds as well as its significant free radical scavenging properties.

Atmospheric pressure gliding arc discharge plasma treatments for improving germination, growth and yield of wheat

Wheat(Triticum aestivum) seeds were treated with atmospheric pressure gliding arc discharge plasmas to investigate the effects on water absorption, seed germination rate, seedling growth and yield in wheat. The surface architectures and functionalities of the seeds were found to modify due to plasma treatments. 6 min treatment was provided 95%–100% germination rate.For the treatment duration of 3 and 9 min the growth activity, dry matter accumulation, leaves chlorophyll contents, longest spikes, number of spikes/spikelet and total soluble protein content in shoots were improved. The grain yield of wheat was increased ～20% by 6 min treatment with H_2O/O_2 plasma with respect to control.

Antidiabetic and antidiarrhoeal effects on ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava(L.) Bat.leaves in Wister rats

Objective:To evaluate the antidiabetic and the antidiarrhoeal effects of ethanolic extracts of Psidium guajava leave(EEPGL) in Wisier rais to support its traditional uses.Methods:Oral glucose tolerance test model and alloxan induced diabetic test model were performed to evaluate antidiabetic activity of EEPGL at doses of 1.00.0.50 and 0.75 g/kg respectively.For antidiarrhoeal effects of EEPGL.castor oil-induced diarrhoea model and gastrointestinal motility test with barium sulphate milk model were also assessed at doses of750.500 and 250 mg/kg.respectively.Results:Administration of EEPGL at doses 1.00 and 0.50 g/kg significantly(P<0.05)decreased blood glucose levels in oral glucose tolerance test model as well as 0.75 g/kg dose in alloxan induced diabetic test model in Wister rats(P<0.001).Application of EEPGL at doses of 750 and 500 mg/kg showed antidiarrhoeal effect in castor oil-induced diarrhoeal model(P<0.00 l and P<0.01,respectively),and 750 mg/kg(P<0.01),500 and 250 mg/kg(P<0.05)doses in barium sulphate milk model in aforesaid animals.Conclusions:These results exhibited the significant antidiabetic and antidiarrhoeal activities of ethanolic extracts of Psidium guajava leave in Wister rats.

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of ethanolic extract of aerial parts of Vernonia patula(Dryand.)Merr.

Objective:To investigate the inflammatory and antioxidant activities of ethanolie extract of aerial part of Vernonia patula(Dryand.)Merr(EAV).Methods:The anti-inflammatory activity of EAV was studied using carrageenan and histamine-induced rat paw edema test at different doses(100.200 and 400 mg/kg body weight).DPPH free radical scavenging,nitric oxide scavenging,reducing power and Fe^(2+)ion chelating ability were used for determining antioxidant activities.Results:The EAV,at the dose of 400 mg/kg,showed a significant anti-inflammatory activity(P<0.01)both in the carrageenan and histamine-induced oedema test models in rats,showing62.86%and 64.42%reduction in the paw volume comparable to that produced by the standard drug indomethacin(67.26%and 66.01%)at 5 h respectively.In DPPH free radical scavenging test,IC_(50)value for EAV was found fairly significant 36.59μg/mL when compared to the IC_(50)value of the reference standards ascorbic acid 8.97μg/mL.The IC_(50)values of the extract and ascorbic acid were 47.72 and 12.39μg/mL,respectively in nitric oxide scavenging assay.The IC_(50)value of the EAV(33.59μg/mL)as percentage of Fe^(2+)ion chelating ability was also found significant compared to that of EDTA(9.16μg/mL).The maximum absorbance for reducing power assay was found to be1.928 at 100μg/mL when compared to 2.449 for standard ascorbic acid.The total phenolic content was 198.81 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent.Acute toxicity test showed that the plant might be safe for pharmacological uses up to a dose level of 3200 mg/kg of body weight in rats.Conclusions:Therefore,the obtained results suggest the acute anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the EAV and thus provide the scientific basis for the traditional uses of this plant part as a remedy for inflammations.

Whole Leea macrophylla ethanolic extract normalizes kidney deposits and recovers renal impairments in an ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis model of rats

Objective:To investigate the antilithiatic effect of the whole Leea macrophylla(L macrophylla) Roxb(Leeaeeae) ethanol extract in ediylene glycol-induced urolithiasis model of rats.Methods: Forty two seven weeks old male wistar albino rats were randomly divided into two major groups namely:preventive(n=18) and therapeutic(n=24).Preventive group was further subdivided into 3 groups of 6 rats namely:preventive control(PC),preventive lithiatic control(PLC) and preventive lithiatic L.macrophylla(PLLM).Similarly,therapeutic group was also subdivided into 4 groups of 6 rats namely:therapeutic control(TC),therapeutic lithiatic control(TLC).therapeutic lithitatic L macrophylla(TLLM) and therapeutic lithiatic cystone(TLCYS).The lithiasis was induced by 0.75%(v/v) ethylene glycol in the drinking water of all groups except the PC and TC groups.The urinary ionic parameters such as calcium,inorganic phosphate,oxalate,magnesium & creatinine and renal morphology were altered by ediylene glycol,which were partially recovered by 14 d preventive and almost fully recovered by 28 d therapeutic intervention trials with L macrophylla extract(500 mg/kg BW daily).Results:Significant difference on recovery was observed between preventive and dierapeutic interventional trials.Anti-urolithiatic effect of cystone was significantly(P【0.001) higher than extracts.L macrophylla extract was found nontoxic in the acute toxicity test.Conclusions:The results of this study demonstrated very promising antiurolithiatic effect of L.macrophylla extract with preventive and therapeutic treatments in this experimental condition.

Quality Evaluation of Ginger Candy Prepared by Osmotic Dehydration Techniques

The study was carried out to develop and compare Ginger candy from fresh indigenous and China Ginger. Ginger was immersed into the sugar solution with the concentrations of 50%, 60% and 70% sugar solution. Moisture, ash, protein, fat, crude fiber and total sugar content and organoleptic quality and microbial status of the prepared candy were analyzed. Moisture, ash, protein, fat and crude fiber content was found to be lower with increased concentration of sugar solution used, whereas total sugar content was found to be higher. Total bacterial count was increased with increasing the concentration of sugar solution. The best characteristic of Ginger candy was found with 50% sugar solution, with highest nutrient and lowest microbial load than candy prepared with 60% and 70% sugar solution.

Identification of Aflatoxigenic Fungi and Detection of Their Aflatoxin in Red Chilli (<i>Capsicum annuum</i>) Samples Using Direct Cultural Method and HPLC

Aflatoxins are the potential lethal toxin produced by Aspergillus sp. important health hazard throughout the world. In this study, 26 Aspergillus sp. have been isolated from 50 samples of red chilli collected throughout the country. These 26 isolates were grown primarily on agar media to identify the aflatoxin producing species. It is possible to distinguish A. flavus strains from other Aspergillus sp. developing orange colour on the reverse of the plates. The Coconut Cream Agar (CCA) is used to detect aflatoxin producer strains having blue fluorescence when exposed to a UV-light. Several other media were used for morphological characteristics of Aspergillus sp. Out of 26 isolates, four isolates were confirmed as Aspergillus sp. These isolates were subjected to cross contamination with freshly ground, sterile maize and after 15 days of incubation the contaminated maize were analyzed by HPLC and found aflatoxin in each of the sample containing 186 ppb (max.). This study was conducted to assay the ability to produce aflatoxins by the Aspergillus spp. isolated from red chilli (Capsicum annuum L. Solanaceae) available throughout the country. The results found in the experiment are much more behind the acceptable limit according to some international standard. As red chilli is a widely used spice in Bangladesh, the proper controlling measures may be taken for controlling the surveillance of aflatoxinic fungi like as use of bio-pesticides, proper drying method and storage conditions.

Studies on the Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects of <i>Nelumbo nucifera</i>Leaf in Long-Evans Rats

The study was carried out to evaluate the hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effect of Nelumbo nucifera leaf powder. In rats, hyperlipidemia was induced by feeding High Fat Diet (Lab diet: Dalda: Coconut oil = 4:3:1) and type 2 diabetes was built inside by injecting Alloxan. The sample N. nucifera leaf powder was added in different percentages with the regular Lab Diet for 21 days feeding. In case of hyperlipidemia developed groups, feeding of Nelumbo nucifera leaf powder at, 30% (70% Lab diet + 30% Sample), 20% (80% Lab diet + 20% Sample) and 10% (90% Lab diet + 10% Sample) showed varied but in a nutshell significant (p Nelumbo nucifera leaf powder for 21 days resulted significant decrease in the blood glucose levels of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Both the percentages of Nelumbo nucifera leaf powder having 20% with 80% Lab Diet and 10% with 90% Lab Diet significantly (p Nelumbo nucifera powder was found to be exerted to the more prominent effects in lowering the blood glucose level. Nelumbo nucifera leaf powder had 75% efficacy rate in lowering the blood glucose level in comparison to the drug control group treated with glibenclamide which was found with the decreasing capability up to 66%. Although not significant, it, based on the data, can be stated that the sample is endowed with the quality of decreasing capability of body weight. Thus, results of the experimental study reveal that the leaf of Nelumbo nucifera has potent hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties.

Study of Mechanical and Physical Properties of Palm Fiber Reinforced Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Composite

Palm fiber (PF) reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) composite matrix was prepared by employing Injection Moulding Machine (IMM). Palm fiber was collected from ten different trees of different age group from Comilla region in Bangladesh. Three sets of samples were prepared for three different wt% (5%, 10% and 20%) of fiber contents. The mechanical (tensile strength, flexural stress, micro hardness, Leeb’s rebound hardness) and physical (bulk density and water absorption) properties were measured. The observed result reveals that the tensile strength (TS) and flexural stress (FS) were decreased with increasing fiber contents in the PF-ABS composites except 10% fiber content.

Investigation of the Surface Morphology and Structural Characterization of Palm Fiber Reinforced Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (PF-ABS) Composites

With the aid of Injection Moulding Machine (IMM) Palm fiber reinforced Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) composites (PF-ABS) were prepared. Three sets of samples were prepared for three different wt% (5%, 10% and 20%) of fiber contents. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) experiments were performed to study the surface morphology, microstructure (if it crystalline or noncrystalline) and new bond formation after preparation of the composites. SEM pattern shows that after addition of palm fiber in PF-ABS composites the brittleness increased due to creation of voids in the composites except 10% fiber content in PF-ABS. From XRD pattern it is clear that the palm fiber, ABS and PF-ABS composites are amorphous in nature. Moreover FTIR spectrum shows that there is no new bond formed after addition of palm fiber in ABS polymeric matrix to create PF-ABS composites.

Design and Analysis of Parabolic Trough Solar Water Heating System

Renewable energy technology is one of the prospective sources which can meet the energy demand and can contribute to achieve sustainable development goals.Concentrated collectors are widely used in solar thermal power generation and water heating system also.It is very popular due to its high thermal efficiency,simple construction requirements and low manufacturing cost.This paper is concerned with an experimental study of parabolic trough collector for water heating technology.It focuses on the performance of concentrating solar collector by changing the reflector materials(aluminum sheet,aluminum foil and mirror film).In Bangladesh,it is possible to use low cost solar concentrating technologies for domestic as well as industrial process heat applications.The line focusing parabolic trough collectors have been designed,developed and evaluated its performance by collecting solar radiation,inlet and outlet water temperature,flow rate,efficiency etc.

Antidiabetic and antidiarrhoeal potentials of ethanolic extracts of aerial parts of Cynodon dactylon Pers

Objective: To explore the antidiabetic and the antidiarrhoeal effects of ethanolic extracts of Cynodon dactylon Pers. aerial parts(EECA) in Wistar rats.Methods: To assess the antidiabetic activity of EECA, oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) model and alloxan induced diabetic test(AIDT) model were performed. The EECA was used at the doses of 2 g/kg, 1 g/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight in OGTT model and 1.5 g/kg was used for AIDT model. Castor oil-induced diarrhoeal model and gastrointestinal motility test with barium sulphate milk model were performed for evaluating the antidiarrhoeal effects at doses of 1 g/kg, 750 mg/kg respectively.Results: The dose 2 g/kg in OGTT and 1.5 g/kg in AIDT model blood glucose levels decreased significantly(P < 0.01) in Wistar rats that showed antidiabetic effect of EECA. After administration of EECA at the dose of 1 g/kg, the extract showed significant(P < 0.05) antidiarrhoeal activity in castor oil-induced diarrhoeal model. The results were also significant(P < 0.01) in barium sulphate milk model for the same dose by using above mentioned animals.Conclusions: It is concluded that EECA contains both antidiabetic and the antidiarrhoeal properties.

Potential bioactive phytochemicals, antioxidant properties and anticancer pathways of Nymphaea nouchali

Objective:To investigate bioactive phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of Nymphaea nouchali and to explore its anticancer pathways by a network pharmacology approach.Methods:Using a spectrophotometer and high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector(HPLC-DAD),we quantified bioactive phytochemicals in methanolic extract of Nymphaea nouchali tuber.The extracts were investigated for in vitro antioxidant properties.Targets of these bioactive phytochemicals were predicted and anticancer-associated pathways were analyzed by a network pharmacology approach.Moreover,we identified the predicted genes associated with cancer pathways and the hub genes in the protein-protein interaction network of predicted genes.Results:Quantitative results indicated the total phenolics,total flavonoids,and total proanthocyanidins in the methanolic extract of Nymphaea nouchali tuber.HPLC-DAD analysis showed rutin(39.44 mg),catechin(39.20 mg),myricetin(30.77 mg),ellagic acid(11.05 mg),gallic acid(3.67 mg),vanillic acid(0.75 mg),rosmarinic acid(4.81 mg),p-coumaric acid(3.35 mg),and quercetin(0.90 mg)in 1 g of dry extract.The extract showed the radical scavenging activities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl,2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)and N,N-dimethyl-pphenylenediamine.By using network pharmacology,we predicted 130 target genes associated with cancer pathways.The top hub genes(IL6,AKT1,EGFR,JUN,PTGS2,MAPK3,CASP3,and CXCL8)were also identified,which were associated with cancer pathways and interacted with bioactive phytochemicals of the methanolic extract of Nymphaea nouchali tuber.Conclusions:Our study provides insights into the mechanism of anticancer activities of the methanolic extract of Nymphaea nouchali tuber.