Information on the physicochemical properties of chemical species is an important prerequisite when performing tasks such as process design and product design.However,the lack of extensive data and high experimental c...Information on the physicochemical properties of chemical species is an important prerequisite when performing tasks such as process design and product design.However,the lack of extensive data and high experimental costs hinder the development of prediction techniques for these properties.Moreover,accuracy and predictive capabilities still limit the scope and applicability of most property estimation methods.This paper proposes a new Gaussian process-based modeling framework that aims to manage a discrete and high-dimensional input space related to molecular structure representation with the group-contribution approach.A warping function is used to map discrete input into a continuous domain in order to adjust the correlation between different compounds.Prior selection techniques,including prior elicitation and prior predictive checking,are also applied during the building procedure to provide the model with more information from previous research findings.The framework is assessed using datasets of varying sizes for 20 pure component properties.For 18 out of the 20 pure component properties,the new models are found to give improved accuracy and predictive power in comparison with other published models,with and without machine learning.展开更多
In this report, we demonstrate a novel technique for the microscopic patterning of gold by combining the photoreduction of Au^(Ⅲ)Br_(2)^(-)to Au^(Ⅰ)Br_(2)^(-)and the electrochemical reduction of Au^(Ⅰ)Br_(2)^(-)to ...In this report, we demonstrate a novel technique for the microscopic patterning of gold by combining the photoreduction of Au^(Ⅲ)Br_(2)^(-)to Au^(Ⅰ)Br_(2)^(-)and the electrochemical reduction of Au^(Ⅰ)Br_(2)^(-)to elemental gold in a single step within solution. While mask-based methods have been the norm for electroplating, the adoption of direct laser writing for flexible, real-time patterning has not been widespread. Through irradiation using a 405 nm laser and applying a voltage corresponding to a selective potential window specific to Au^(Ⅰ)Br_(2)^(-), we have shown that we can locally deposit elemental gold at the focal point of the laser. In addition to demonstrating the feasibility of the technique, we have collected data on the kinetics of the photoreduction reaction in ethanol and have deduced its rate law. We have confirmed the selective deposition of Au^(Ⅰ)Br_(2)^(-) within a potential window through controlled potential electrolysis experiments and through direct measurement on a quartz crystal microbalance. Finally, we have verified local deposition through scanning electron microscopy.展开更多
Using coherent light, we analyze the temporal diffraction at a single point from real-time living C. elegans locomotion in three-dimensional space. We describe the frequency spectrum of single swimming nematodes in an...Using coherent light, we analyze the temporal diffraction at a single point from real-time living C. elegans locomotion in three-dimensional space. We describe the frequency spectrum of single swimming nematodes in an optical cuvette at a single sampling point in the far-field diffraction pattern. An analytical expression of the double slit is used to model the frequency spectra of nematodes as oscillating segments. The frequency spectrum in the diffraction pattern expands discretely and linearly as a multiple of the fundamental frequency with increasing distance from the central maximum. The frequency spectrum of a worm at a single point in the frequency spectrum contains all the frequencies involved in the locomotion and is used to characterize and compare nematodes. The occurrence of resonant frequencies in the dynamic diffraction pattern increases with the distance from the central maximum. The regular spacing of the resonant frequencies is used to identify characteristic swimming frequencies.展开更多
The objective of this paper concerns at first the motivation and the method of Shor’s algorithm including remarks on quantum computing introducing an algorithmic description of the method.The corner stone of the Shor...The objective of this paper concerns at first the motivation and the method of Shor’s algorithm including remarks on quantum computing introducing an algorithmic description of the method.The corner stone of the Shor’s algorithm is the modular exponentiation that is themost computational component(in time and space).A linear depth unit based on phase estimation is introduced and a description of a generic version of a modular multiplier based on phases is introduced to build block of a gates to efficient modular exponentiation circuit.Our proposal includes numerical experiments achieved on both the IBM simulator using the Qiskit library and on quantum physical optimizers provided by IBM.The shor’s algorithm based on phase estimation succeeds in factoring integer numbers with more than 35 digits using circuits with about 100 qubits.展开更多
This article explores how Chinese calligraphy has evolved in the modern world,utilizing one particular focus:water calligraphy.Water calligraphy is a fascinating,non-invasive,and communal form of street art.It reconte...This article explores how Chinese calligraphy has evolved in the modern world,utilizing one particular focus:water calligraphy.Water calligraphy is a fascinating,non-invasive,and communal form of street art.It recontextualizes traditional calligraphy and offers insight into modern Chinese society and the concepts of art and creation.The simple trade of ink and paper for water and the ground has produced one highly intriguing practice.The following article will go through water calligraphy's link to modernity,its general appeal,and my own personal experience attempting it.展开更多
Foreign direct investment （FDI） is ofen considered as a cost-effective and risk-reducing source for development finance. This paper, however, shows that FDI finance often entails underestimated risks and costs. FDI ...Foreign direct investment （FDI） is ofen considered as a cost-effective and risk-reducing source for development finance. This paper, however, shows that FDI finance often entails underestimated risks and costs. FDI might react sensitively to business cycles and might not be as ＂permanent＂ as conventionally believed. FDI might also accelerate other forms of capital flow in times of financial difficulties and, hence, destabilize ftnancial order. In addition to the risks, compensations to FDI and the high import-dependency of FDI-related trade lead to a considerable drain on the balance of payments. Moreover, the reliance on foreign capital for development finance is equivalent to building a Ponzi financing scheme and, therefore, is unsustainable. Given the fact that FDI financing is risky and costly and China does not lack savings, it is suggested in the present paper that China ＇s efforts in attracting FDI should not aim at external capital provisioning.展开更多
Starting in the 1960s,a great deal of effort and capital was invested in an endeavor to significantlyimprove the quality of surface water around the United States,particularly in metropolises like New YorkCity,New Yor...Starting in the 1960s,a great deal of effort and capital was invested in an endeavor to significantlyimprove the quality of surface water around the United States,particularly in metropolises like New YorkCity,New York.The Hudson River has been at the forefront of these efforts and has benefited immenselyfrom this campaign.In parts of the developing world,such as China,similar efforts are beginning to gatherthe same type of momentum.Within the past decade,the Huangpu River,which flows through Shanghaiinto the Yangtze Estuary of China,has been a target for ecological restoration and management.It is possibleto draw parallels between the cleanup efforts involved in improving the environmental conditions of theHuangpu and Hudson Rivers.Using the methodologies of series comparison(SCM),water quality index(WQI)modeling,consideration of ecological engineering,and policy strategy design,we comparativelystudied the topography,functions,environmental conditions,ecological engineering countermeasures,andmanagement policies of the two rivers to assist future forecasting of ecological restoration efforts in China.展开更多
According to the World Health Organization, around two million people die prematurely from the effects of polluted air every single year. Air pollution is a huge problem espe- cially for people living in ＂smog-choked...According to the World Health Organization, around two million people die prematurely from the effects of polluted air every single year. Air pollution is a huge problem espe- cially for people living in ＂smog-choked＂ cities. In China, these polluted cities accumulate at Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta regions, in- volving 19 provincial level jurisdictions and 117 cities. These places are called the key regions because of these three regions. These areas cover only 14% of the country＇s land area, but account for nearly half （48%） of the country＇s population, 71% of the nation＇s GDP, 52% of the country＇s coal consumption. More significantly, the air pollutant emission level is 2.9-3.6 times higher than the nation＇s av- erage. Therefore, a comprehensive plan of pollution control is desperately needed. Fortunately, on December 5, 2012, the Chinese government issued a comprehensive air pollu- tion prevention and control plan named ＂12th Five-Year Plan on Air Pollution Prevention and Control in Key Regions＂. The plan has a long list of specific projects that are estimated to require 55.6 billion USD （350 billion RMB） investment （http：//www.epa.gov/ogc/china/air%20pollution. pdf）. What is the goal of this plan？ Is there any problem？展开更多
J. E Park presents a multifaceted view of cultural life in the late Ming dynasty through his examination of the production of painting manuals. The book＇s aim is to answer certain key questions, the first of which is...J. E Park presents a multifaceted view of cultural life in the late Ming dynasty through his examination of the production of painting manuals. The book＇s aim is to answer certain key questions, the first of which is why at this time in Chinese history so many manuals were printed. The answer is a complex one that involves the urbanization that took place during the later Ming and the growing number of literate members of society did not enter civil service.展开更多
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22150410338 and 61973268)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Information on the physicochemical properties of chemical species is an important prerequisite when performing tasks such as process design and product design.However,the lack of extensive data and high experimental costs hinder the development of prediction techniques for these properties.Moreover,accuracy and predictive capabilities still limit the scope and applicability of most property estimation methods.This paper proposes a new Gaussian process-based modeling framework that aims to manage a discrete and high-dimensional input space related to molecular structure representation with the group-contribution approach.A warping function is used to map discrete input into a continuous domain in order to adjust the correlation between different compounds.Prior selection techniques,including prior elicitation and prior predictive checking,are also applied during the building procedure to provide the model with more information from previous research findings.The framework is assessed using datasets of varying sizes for 20 pure component properties.For 18 out of the 20 pure component properties,the new models are found to give improved accuracy and predictive power in comparison with other published models,with and without machine learning.
基金The Bard Research Fundthe Bard Summer Research Institutethe Sherman Fairchild Foundation are acknowledged for financial support。
文摘In this report, we demonstrate a novel technique for the microscopic patterning of gold by combining the photoreduction of Au^(Ⅲ)Br_(2)^(-)to Au^(Ⅰ)Br_(2)^(-)and the electrochemical reduction of Au^(Ⅰ)Br_(2)^(-)to elemental gold in a single step within solution. While mask-based methods have been the norm for electroplating, the adoption of direct laser writing for flexible, real-time patterning has not been widespread. Through irradiation using a 405 nm laser and applying a voltage corresponding to a selective potential window specific to Au^(Ⅰ)Br_(2)^(-), we have shown that we can locally deposit elemental gold at the focal point of the laser. In addition to demonstrating the feasibility of the technique, we have collected data on the kinetics of the photoreduction reaction in ethanol and have deduced its rate law. We have confirmed the selective deposition of Au^(Ⅰ)Br_(2)^(-) within a potential window through controlled potential electrolysis experiments and through direct measurement on a quartz crystal microbalance. Finally, we have verified local deposition through scanning electron microscopy.
文摘Using coherent light, we analyze the temporal diffraction at a single point from real-time living C. elegans locomotion in three-dimensional space. We describe the frequency spectrum of single swimming nematodes in an optical cuvette at a single sampling point in the far-field diffraction pattern. An analytical expression of the double slit is used to model the frequency spectra of nematodes as oscillating segments. The frequency spectrum in the diffraction pattern expands discretely and linearly as a multiple of the fundamental frequency with increasing distance from the central maximum. The frequency spectrum of a worm at a single point in the frequency spectrum contains all the frequencies involved in the locomotion and is used to characterize and compare nematodes. The occurrence of resonant frequencies in the dynamic diffraction pattern increases with the distance from the central maximum. The regular spacing of the resonant frequencies is used to identify characteristic swimming frequencies.
文摘The objective of this paper concerns at first the motivation and the method of Shor’s algorithm including remarks on quantum computing introducing an algorithmic description of the method.The corner stone of the Shor’s algorithm is the modular exponentiation that is themost computational component(in time and space).A linear depth unit based on phase estimation is introduced and a description of a generic version of a modular multiplier based on phases is introduced to build block of a gates to efficient modular exponentiation circuit.Our proposal includes numerical experiments achieved on both the IBM simulator using the Qiskit library and on quantum physical optimizers provided by IBM.The shor’s algorithm based on phase estimation succeeds in factoring integer numbers with more than 35 digits using circuits with about 100 qubits.
文摘This article explores how Chinese calligraphy has evolved in the modern world,utilizing one particular focus:water calligraphy.Water calligraphy is a fascinating,non-invasive,and communal form of street art.It recontextualizes traditional calligraphy and offers insight into modern Chinese society and the concepts of art and creation.The simple trade of ink and paper for water and the ground has produced one highly intriguing practice.The following article will go through water calligraphy's link to modernity,its general appeal,and my own personal experience attempting it.
文摘Foreign direct investment （FDI） is ofen considered as a cost-effective and risk-reducing source for development finance. This paper, however, shows that FDI finance often entails underestimated risks and costs. FDI might react sensitively to business cycles and might not be as ＂permanent＂ as conventionally believed. FDI might also accelerate other forms of capital flow in times of financial difficulties and, hence, destabilize ftnancial order. In addition to the risks, compensations to FDI and the high import-dependency of FDI-related trade lead to a considerable drain on the balance of payments. Moreover, the reliance on foreign capital for development finance is equivalent to building a Ponzi financing scheme and, therefore, is unsustainable. Given the fact that FDI financing is risky and costly and China does not lack savings, it is suggested in the present paper that China ＇s efforts in attracting FDI should not aim at external capital provisioning.
基金supported by the Major Project Foundation of China National Social Science(14ZDB140)Fudan-UK Tyndall Foundat ion(FTC98503B03a,Urban Growth i1)+2 种基金the PhD Station Foundation Project of China National Education Minis-try(No.20060246024)the Scientific Innovation Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.08ZZ03)the Youth Leadership Program(LINCS)of the State Department,USA,the Foundation of Foho Development Zone,Wujiang,Jiangshu,China,and the Think Tank Program of Fudan University(2015).
文摘Starting in the 1960s,a great deal of effort and capital was invested in an endeavor to significantlyimprove the quality of surface water around the United States,particularly in metropolises like New YorkCity,New York.The Hudson River has been at the forefront of these efforts and has benefited immenselyfrom this campaign.In parts of the developing world,such as China,similar efforts are beginning to gatherthe same type of momentum.Within the past decade,the Huangpu River,which flows through Shanghaiinto the Yangtze Estuary of China,has been a target for ecological restoration and management.It is possibleto draw parallels between the cleanup efforts involved in improving the environmental conditions of theHuangpu and Hudson Rivers.Using the methodologies of series comparison(SCM),water quality index(WQI)modeling,consideration of ecological engineering,and policy strategy design,we comparativelystudied the topography,functions,environmental conditions,ecological engineering countermeasures,andmanagement policies of the two rivers to assist future forecasting of ecological restoration efforts in China.
文摘According to the World Health Organization, around two million people die prematurely from the effects of polluted air every single year. Air pollution is a huge problem espe- cially for people living in ＂smog-choked＂ cities. In China, these polluted cities accumulate at Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta regions, in- volving 19 provincial level jurisdictions and 117 cities. These places are called the key regions because of these three regions. These areas cover only 14% of the country＇s land area, but account for nearly half （48%） of the country＇s population, 71% of the nation＇s GDP, 52% of the country＇s coal consumption. More significantly, the air pollutant emission level is 2.9-3.6 times higher than the nation＇s av- erage. Therefore, a comprehensive plan of pollution control is desperately needed. Fortunately, on December 5, 2012, the Chinese government issued a comprehensive air pollu- tion prevention and control plan named ＂12th Five-Year Plan on Air Pollution Prevention and Control in Key Regions＂. The plan has a long list of specific projects that are estimated to require 55.6 billion USD （350 billion RMB） investment （http：//www.epa.gov/ogc/china/air%20pollution. pdf）. What is the goal of this plan？ Is there any problem？
文摘J. E Park presents a multifaceted view of cultural life in the late Ming dynasty through his examination of the production of painting manuals. The book＇s aim is to answer certain key questions, the first of which is why at this time in Chinese history so many manuals were printed. The answer is a complex one that involves the urbanization that took place during the later Ming and the growing number of literate members of society did not enter civil service.
