Electrode material has been cited as one of the most important determining factors in classifying an energy storage system’s charge storage mechanism,i.e.,as battery-type or supercapacitive-type.In this paper,we show...Electrode material has been cited as one of the most important determining factors in classifying an energy storage system’s charge storage mechanism,i.e.,as battery-type or supercapacitive-type.In this paper,we show that along with the electrode material,the electrolyte also plays a role in determining the charge storage behaviour of the system.For the purpose of our research,we chose multi-elemental spinal type CuMn_(2)O_(4) metal oxide nanofibers to prove the hypothesis.The material is synthesized as nanofibers of diameter~120 to 150 nm in large scales by a pilot scale electrospinning set up.It was then tested in three different electrolytes(1 M KOH,1 M Na_(2)SO_(4) and 1 M Li_(2)SO_(4)),two of which are neutral and the third is alkaline(KOH).The cyclic voltammograms and the galvanostatic charge-discharge of the electrode material in a three-electrode sys-tem measurement showed that it exhibit different charge storage mechanism in different electrolyte solutions.For the neutral electrolytes,a capacitive behaviour was observed whereas a battery-type behaviour was seen for the alkaline electrolyte.This leads us to conclude that the charge storage mechanism,along with the active material,also depends on the electrolyte used.展开更多
Electrical energy generation and storage have always been complementary to each other but are often disconnected in practical electrical appliances.Recently,efforts to combine both energy generation and storage into s...Electrical energy generation and storage have always been complementary to each other but are often disconnected in practical electrical appliances.Recently,efforts to combine both energy generation and storage into self-powered energizers have demonstrated promising power sources for wearable and implantable electronics.In line with these efforts,achieving self-rechargeability in energy storage from ambient energy is envisioned as a tertiary energy storage(3rd-ES)phenomenon.This review examines a few of the possible 3rd-ES capable of harvesting ambient energy(photo-,thermo-,piezo-,tribo-,and bio-electrochemical energizers),focusing also on the devices'sustainability.The self-rechargeability mechanisms of these devices,which function through modifications of the energizers’constituents,are analyzed,and designs for wearable electronics are also reviewed.The challenges for self-rechargeable energizers and avenues for further electrochemical performance enhancement are discussed.This article serves as a one-stop source of information on self-rechargeable energizers,which are anticipated to drive the revolution in 3rd-ES technologies.展开更多
基金funded by the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme of the Ministry of Education,Govt.of Malaysia through FRGS/1/2019/STG07/UMP/01/1(http://www.ump.edu.my)Battery Research Centre of Green Energy(BRCGE)of Ming Chi University of Technology,New Taipei,TaiwanTaiwan Experience Education Program(TEEP@AsiaPlus)for their research financial support.
文摘Electrode material has been cited as one of the most important determining factors in classifying an energy storage system’s charge storage mechanism,i.e.,as battery-type or supercapacitive-type.In this paper,we show that along with the electrode material,the electrolyte also plays a role in determining the charge storage behaviour of the system.For the purpose of our research,we chose multi-elemental spinal type CuMn_(2)O_(4) metal oxide nanofibers to prove the hypothesis.The material is synthesized as nanofibers of diameter~120 to 150 nm in large scales by a pilot scale electrospinning set up.It was then tested in three different electrolytes(1 M KOH,1 M Na_(2)SO_(4) and 1 M Li_(2)SO_(4)),two of which are neutral and the third is alkaline(KOH).The cyclic voltammograms and the galvanostatic charge-discharge of the electrode material in a three-electrode sys-tem measurement showed that it exhibit different charge storage mechanism in different electrolyte solutions.For the neutral electrolytes,a capacitive behaviour was observed whereas a battery-type behaviour was seen for the alkaline electrolyte.This leads us to conclude that the charge storage mechanism,along with the active material,also depends on the electrolyte used.
基金The authors would like to thank the Ministry of Higher Education,Government of Malaysia,for providing financial support under Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS)(No.)FRGS/1/2019/STG07/UMP/01/1(University reference RDU1901165).JK Ling acknowledges additional funding from the Postgraduate Research Scheme(PGRS)by the Universiti Malaysia Pahang through UMP.05.02/26.10/03/03/PGRS2003123.
文摘Electrical energy generation and storage have always been complementary to each other but are often disconnected in practical electrical appliances.Recently,efforts to combine both energy generation and storage into self-powered energizers have demonstrated promising power sources for wearable and implantable electronics.In line with these efforts,achieving self-rechargeability in energy storage from ambient energy is envisioned as a tertiary energy storage(3rd-ES)phenomenon.This review examines a few of the possible 3rd-ES capable of harvesting ambient energy(photo-,thermo-,piezo-,tribo-,and bio-electrochemical energizers),focusing also on the devices'sustainability.The self-rechargeability mechanisms of these devices,which function through modifications of the energizers’constituents,are analyzed,and designs for wearable electronics are also reviewed.The challenges for self-rechargeable energizers and avenues for further electrochemical performance enhancement are discussed.This article serves as a one-stop source of information on self-rechargeable energizers,which are anticipated to drive the revolution in 3rd-ES technologies.
