Aluminum-ion batteries(AIBs)with Al metal anode are attracting increasing research interest on account of their high safety,low cost,large volumetric energy density(≈8046 mA h cm−3),and environmental friendliness.Spe...Aluminum-ion batteries(AIBs)with Al metal anode are attracting increasing research interest on account of their high safety,low cost,large volumetric energy density(≈8046 mA h cm−3),and environmental friendliness.Specifically,the reversible Al electrostripping/deposition is achieved with the rapid development of room temperature ionic liquids,and rapid progress has been made in fabricating high-performance and durable AIBs during the past decade.This review provides an integrated comprehension of the evolution of AIBs and highlights the development of various non-aqueous and aqueous electrolytes including high-temperature molten salts,room temperature ionic liquids,and gel–polymer electrolytes.The critical issues on the interplay of electrolytes are outlined in terms of the voltage window span,the effective ion species during charge storage(Al 3+or Al x Cl?y)and their underlying charge transfer(e.g.,interfacial transfer and diffusion),and the solid electrolyte interface formation and its role.Following the critical insight,future perspectives on how to practically design feasible AIBs are given.展开更多
Owing to their special three-dimensional network structure and high specific surface area,TiO2 submicrospheres have been widely used as electron conductors in photoanodes for solar cells.In recent years,utilization of...Owing to their special three-dimensional network structure and high specific surface area,TiO2 submicrospheres have been widely used as electron conductors in photoanodes for solar cells.In recent years,utilization of TiO2 submicrospheres in solar cells has greatly boosted the photovoltaic performance.Inevitably,however,numerous surface states in the TiO2 network affect electron transport.In this work,the surface states in TiO2 submicrospheres were thoroughly investigated by charge extraction methods,and the results were confirmed by the cyclic voltammetry method.The results showed that ammonia can effectively reduce the number of surface states in TiO2 submicrospheres.Furthermore,in-depth characterizations indicate that ammonia shifts the conduction band toward a more positive potential and improves the interfacial charge transfer.Moreover,charge recombination is effectively prevented.Overall,the cell performance is essentially dependent on the effect of the surface states,which affects the electron transfer and recombination process.展开更多
基金D.M.and D.Y.contributed equally to this work.This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51772094).
文摘Aluminum-ion batteries(AIBs)with Al metal anode are attracting increasing research interest on account of their high safety,low cost,large volumetric energy density(≈8046 mA h cm−3),and environmental friendliness.Specifically,the reversible Al electrostripping/deposition is achieved with the rapid development of room temperature ionic liquids,and rapid progress has been made in fabricating high-performance and durable AIBs during the past decade.This review provides an integrated comprehension of the evolution of AIBs and highlights the development of various non-aqueous and aqueous electrolytes including high-temperature molten salts,room temperature ionic liquids,and gel–polymer electrolytes.The critical issues on the interplay of electrolytes are outlined in terms of the voltage window span,the effective ion species during charge storage(Al 3+or Al x Cl?y)and their underlying charge transfer(e.g.,interfacial transfer and diffusion),and the solid electrolyte interface formation and its role.Following the critical insight,future perspectives on how to practically design feasible AIBs are given.
基金This work was supported by the National High-tech R＆D Program of China （No. 2015AA050602）, the External Cooperation Program of BIC, Chinese Academy of Sciences （No. GJHZ1607）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. U1205112, 51572080 and 21273242） and Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province （No. 1508085SMF224）.
文摘Owing to their special three-dimensional network structure and high specific surface area,TiO2 submicrospheres have been widely used as electron conductors in photoanodes for solar cells.In recent years,utilization of TiO2 submicrospheres in solar cells has greatly boosted the photovoltaic performance.Inevitably,however,numerous surface states in the TiO2 network affect electron transport.In this work,the surface states in TiO2 submicrospheres were thoroughly investigated by charge extraction methods,and the results were confirmed by the cyclic voltammetry method.The results showed that ammonia can effectively reduce the number of surface states in TiO2 submicrospheres.Furthermore,in-depth characterizations indicate that ammonia shifts the conduction band toward a more positive potential and improves the interfacial charge transfer.Moreover,charge recombination is effectively prevented.Overall,the cell performance is essentially dependent on the effect of the surface states,which affects the electron transfer and recombination process.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2015AA050602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21103197,21403247,61404142 and 21273242)+2 种基金the National Basic Research Programof China(2015CB932200)the project of Scientific and Technological Support Program in Jiangsu province(BE2014147-4)Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project(Z141100003314003)
