Potential Transmission Choice for Internet of Things(IoT):Wireless and Batteryless Communications and Open Problems

The 5th generation mobile communications aims at connecting everything and future Internet of Things(IoT)will get everything smartly connected.To realize it,there exist many challenges.One key challenge is the battery problem for small devices,such as sensors or tags.Batteryless backscatter,also referred to as or battery-free backscatter,is a new potential technology to address this problem.One early and typical type of batteryless backscatter is ambient backscatter.Generally,batteryless backscatter utilizes environmental wireless signals to enable battery-free devices to communicate with each other.These devices first harvest energy from ambient wireless signals and then backscatter these signals so as to transmit their own information.This paper reviews the current studies about batteryless backscatter,including various backscatter schemes and theoretical works,and then introduces open problems for future research.

A Green Paradigm for Internet of Things: Ambient Backscatter Communications

Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted extensive interest from both academia and industries, and is recognized as an ultimate infrastructure to connect everything at anytime and anywhere. The implementation of IoT generally faces the challenges from energy constraint and implementation cost. In this paper, we will introduce a new green communication paradigm, the ambient backscatter (AmBC), that could utilize the environmental wireless signals for both powering a tiny-cost device and backscattering the information symbols. Specifically, we will present the basic principles of AmBC, analyze its features and advantages, suggest its open problems, and predict its potential applications for our future IoT.

Pre-processing and post-processing method for geostress simulation using seismic interpretation results

In order to carry out numerical simulation using geologic structural data obtained from Landmark(seismic interpretation system), underground geological structures are abstracted into mechanical models which can reflect actual situations and facilitate their computation and analyses.Given the importance of model building, further processing methods about traditional seismic interpretation results from Landmark should be studied and the processed result can then be directly used in numerical simulation computations.Through this data conversion procedure, Landmark and FLAC(the international general stress software) are seamlessly connected.Thus, the format conversion between the two systems and the pre-and post-processing in simulation computation is realized.A practical application indicates that this method has many advantages such as simple operation, high accuracy of the element subdivision and high speed, which may definitely satisfy the actual needs of floor grid cutting.

Sensitivity and Distance Based Performance Analysis for Batteryless Tags with Transmit Beamforming and Ambient Backscattering

Ambient backscatter is a new green technology for Internet of Things(IoT)that utilizes surrounding wireless signals to enable batteryless devices to communicate with other devices.The battery-free devices first harvest energy from ambient wireless signals and then backscatter the signals for communications.Clearly,sensitivity and distance are two important parameters for system performance.However,most existing studies on ambient backscatter communication systems do not consider the impact of the sensitivity of the energy-harvesting nodes and the distances between these devices.In this paper,we first provide a literature review for ambient communication technology and then take sensitivity and distance as two key parameters and investigate the sensitivity and distance based performance for ambient backscatter communication systems.Specifically,we establish the mathematical model based on distances between transceivers and backscattering nodes,extract a parameter that can differentiate the direct path and the backscattering path,evaluate the effects of transmit beamforming,design an energy detector for the reader,and analyze the outage probability of energy harvesting at the tag and the bit error rate(BER)at the reader.Simulations are then provided to corroborate the proposed studies.

An Analysis of The Influence on SLA Caused by Age Factor

Various characteristics play very important role in the process of students' second language acquisition and language development,including age,gender,personality,cognitive ability,motivation,learning strategies and so on.Among all these factors mentioned,age factor received much attention in second language research.In this essay,two opposing views on age factor are discussed.In the last part,on the basis of the theory,some strategies on the real classroom teaching are provided after the discussion.

Influence of Motivation Related to Second Language Learning

As far as second language acquisition concerned, there are various factors in relation to individual differences that may affect language development. And all the effects of those factors are considerable for teachers to design appropriate and efficient classroom strategies and activities to cater for learners' differences. In this essay, the influence of one of the factors, motivation,is firstly explored before actually designing strategies and activities.

桩承式路堤二维和三维土拱效应离散元分析

目的:土拱效应是桩承式路堤的主要荷载传递机理。本文旨在探讨随着桩土差异沉降量的增加,平面土拱和空间土拱演化过程中的相似点和差异性,以深化对桩承式路堤作用机制的理解。创新点:1.基于离散元法对比分析平面土拱和空间土拱的作用发挥机制,包括细观角度的强弱力链分布特征和宏观角度的沉降变形模式;2.探讨路堤设计参数和土体参数对二维和三维路堤荷载传递和沉降变形(路堤顶面和路堤内部)的影响。方法:1.基于活动门室内模型试验建立桩承式路堤二维和三维离散元数值模型;依据接触力均值划分强弱力链,得到土拱结构的空间分布特征;采用颗粒位移分组获取土体变形模式。2.通过变化路堤高度、桩净间距、填料内摩擦角以及孔隙率来分析路堤荷载和变形响应。结论:1.平面土拱效应存在高估路堤荷载传递效率和低估路堤沉降变形的现象。2.当路堤高度高于等沉面,即土拱结构处于全拱状态时,路堤土体的空间滑裂面表现为穹顶状,且等沉面位置高于二维模型。3.增大路堤高度和填料内摩擦角以及减小桩净间距和孔隙率都能够提高平面土拱和空间土拱的荷载传递能力,进而减小路堤沉降量;其中,孔隙率对沉降变形的影响最为明显。4.当路堤高度低于等沉面,即土拱结构处于非全拱状态时,在三维模型中增加路堤高度主要减小四桩间上部土体沉降,而对两桩间上部土体沉降的影响较小。