Naphthenic acids in petroleum are considered a class of biological markers. Their potential use in source correlation and as an indicator of biodegradation was reported in the past (Dzidic et al., 1988; Behar and Albr...Naphthenic acids in petroleum are considered a class of biological markers. Their potential use in source correlation and as an indicator of biodegradation was reported in the past (Dzidic et al., 1988; Behar and Albrecht, 1984). Due to their highly complicated properties, detailed characterization of the acids is difficult. A method based on positive ion CI (chemical ionization) mass spectrometry using isobutane reagent gas to produce (M+15)++ ions was applied to the analysis of naphthenic acid esters. Since the complex mixture of naphthenic acids cannot be separated into individual components, only the determination of relative distribution of acids classified in terms of hydrogen deficiency was possible. The identities and relative distribution of fatty and mono-, di-, tri-, and higher polycyclic acids were obtained from the intensities of the (M+15)++ ions according to z-series formula C-nH-{2n+z}O-2 of naphthenic acids. The components are characterized on the basis of group type and carbon number distributions. A comparison of the FAB and CI results showed that the group type distributions obtained by both methods agree surprisingly well. The results indicated this method is simple, rapid and easy to operate. The geochemical implication of naphthenic acids was investigated by using a set of well-characterized crude oil samples. It is found that the naphthenic acid distribution can be used as a fingerprint for oil-oil and oil-source correlations.展开更多
A concept of two different reaction zones was proposed based on the FCC reaction mechanism,and verified by the experimental results of a fixed fluidized bed reactor. The concept was used to design a novel reactor with...A concept of two different reaction zones was proposed based on the FCC reaction mechanism,and verified by the experimental results of a fixed fluidized bed reactor. The concept was used to design a novel reactor with corresponding operation measures. Further experiments were conducted on the newly designed pilot scale riser reactor. In comparison with the conventional FCC at relatively equivalent conversion,the pilot test results had shown that the olefin content in the cracked naphtha dropped by 12.4%, and both of iso-paraffin and aromatics increased by 6%, and its MON increased by 1.3 units while maintaining the RON of the naphtha unchanged, and its sulfur content was reduced by 15% with a significant extension of its induction period for Shengli VGO + VR.展开更多
Since the group of Brookhart produced high molecular weight polyethylene for the first time with á-diimine Ni(II) or Pa (II) complexes in the presence of methylaluminoxane(MAO),the investigation of the late trans...Since the group of Brookhart produced high molecular weight polyethylene for the first time with á-diimine Ni(II) or Pa (II) complexes in the presence of methylaluminoxane(MAO),the investigation of the late transition metal complexes as potential catalyst precursors has been revived[1～3].展开更多
A hetero-crystalline seeding method to prepare a unique MFI type zeolite with mesopores of ca. 4 nm diameter designated as the ZRP zeolite, which possesses high stability and selectivity and is used as component of FC...A hetero-crystalline seeding method to prepare a unique MFI type zeolite with mesopores of ca. 4 nm diameter designated as the ZRP zeolite, which possesses high stability and selectivity and is used as component of FCC catalysts to produce high-octane gasoline and light olefins, was developed. With the DOCR and DOCP catalysts containing the ZRP zeolite modified by phosphorus-incorporation as the octaneenhancing catalysts, the commercial trial was carried out in a 0.8Mt/a RFCC unit with a feedstock composed of Daqing atmospheric residue. As compared to the base catalyst, the LPG+gasoline+LCO product yield obtained from this catalyst was increased by 0.53m%. Meanwhile, the RON and MON of gasoline was increased by 1.4 and 2.4 units, respectively. The higher increment of MON is attributable to the higher isoparaffines content in gasoline. This result indicates that the ZRP zeolite possesses higher isomerization selectivity.展开更多
文摘Naphthenic acids in petroleum are considered a class of biological markers. Their potential use in source correlation and as an indicator of biodegradation was reported in the past (Dzidic et al., 1988; Behar and Albrecht, 1984). Due to their highly complicated properties, detailed characterization of the acids is difficult. A method based on positive ion CI (chemical ionization) mass spectrometry using isobutane reagent gas to produce (M+15)++ ions was applied to the analysis of naphthenic acid esters. Since the complex mixture of naphthenic acids cannot be separated into individual components, only the determination of relative distribution of acids classified in terms of hydrogen deficiency was possible. The identities and relative distribution of fatty and mono-, di-, tri-, and higher polycyclic acids were obtained from the intensities of the (M+15)++ ions according to z-series formula C-nH-{2n+z}O-2 of naphthenic acids. The components are characterized on the basis of group type and carbon number distributions. A comparison of the FAB and CI results showed that the group type distributions obtained by both methods agree surprisingly well. The results indicated this method is simple, rapid and easy to operate. The geochemical implication of naphthenic acids was investigated by using a set of well-characterized crude oil samples. It is found that the naphthenic acid distribution can be used as a fingerprint for oil-oil and oil-source correlations.
文摘A concept of two different reaction zones was proposed based on the FCC reaction mechanism,and verified by the experimental results of a fixed fluidized bed reactor. The concept was used to design a novel reactor with corresponding operation measures. Further experiments were conducted on the newly designed pilot scale riser reactor. In comparison with the conventional FCC at relatively equivalent conversion,the pilot test results had shown that the olefin content in the cracked naphtha dropped by 12.4%, and both of iso-paraffin and aromatics increased by 6%, and its MON increased by 1.3 units while maintaining the RON of the naphtha unchanged, and its sulfur content was reduced by 15% with a significant extension of its induction period for Shengli VGO + VR.
文摘Since the group of Brookhart produced high molecular weight polyethylene for the first time with á-diimine Ni(II) or Pa (II) complexes in the presence of methylaluminoxane(MAO),the investigation of the late transition metal complexes as potential catalyst precursors has been revived[1～3].
文摘A hetero-crystalline seeding method to prepare a unique MFI type zeolite with mesopores of ca. 4 nm diameter designated as the ZRP zeolite, which possesses high stability and selectivity and is used as component of FCC catalysts to produce high-octane gasoline and light olefins, was developed. With the DOCR and DOCP catalysts containing the ZRP zeolite modified by phosphorus-incorporation as the octaneenhancing catalysts, the commercial trial was carried out in a 0.8Mt/a RFCC unit with a feedstock composed of Daqing atmospheric residue. As compared to the base catalyst, the LPG+gasoline+LCO product yield obtained from this catalyst was increased by 0.53m%. Meanwhile, the RON and MON of gasoline was increased by 1.4 and 2.4 units, respectively. The higher increment of MON is attributable to the higher isoparaffines content in gasoline. This result indicates that the ZRP zeolite possesses higher isomerization selectivity.
