Consensus on management of hepatitis C virus infection in resource-limited Ukraine and Commonwealth of Independent States regions

Globally, 69.6 million individuals were infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in 2016. Of the six major HCV genotypes (GT), the most predominant one is GT1, worldwide. The prevalence of HCV in Central Asia, which includes most of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), has been estimated to be 5.8% of the total global burden. The predominant genotype in the CIS and Ukraine regions has been reported to be GT1, followed by GT3. Inadequate HCV epidemiological data, multiple socio-economic barriers, and the lack of regionspecific guidelines have impeded the optimal management of HCV infection in this region. In this regard, a panel of regional experts in the field of hepatology convened to discuss and provide recommendations on the diagnosis, treatment, and pre-, on-, and posttreatment assessment of chronic HCV infection and to ensure the optimal use of cost-effective antiviral regimens in the region. A comprehensive evaluation of the literature along with expert recommendations for the management of GT1-GT6 HCV infection with the antiviral agents available in the region has been provided in this review. This consensus document will help guide clinical decision-making during the management of HCV infection, further optimizing treatment outcomes in these regions.

与耐多药肺结核相关的放射学征象的文献分析

背景尽管肺药物敏感结核(DS-TB)和耐多药结核(MDR-TB)的诊断需要微生物检查证实,但胸部影像学早期识别可疑MDR-TB可以对诊断过程提供指引。本文对文献资料中与MDR-TB相关的放射学征象进行分析。方法于2018年1月29日搜索PubMed数据库,搜索关键字组合为"((extensive drug resistant tuberculosis)OR(multidrug-resistant tuberculosis))AND(CT or radiograph or imaging or X-ray or computed tomography)",并分析了报道DS-TB和MDR-TB放射学征象的英文文献。结果我们发现和分析了与分析目的有充分相关性的17篇文章。我们将报告的肺MDR-TB病例分为四个类别:(1)之前治疗过(继发或获得性)的HIV阴性成人MDRTB;(2)新发(或原发)HIV阴性成人MDR-TB;(3)HIV阳性成人MDR-TB;(4)儿童MDR-TB。肺MDR-TB的常见放射学表现包括:小叶中央小结节、分枝状线征和结节影(树芽征)、斑块或叶实变、空洞和支气管扩张。虽然总体上MDR-TB病例倾向病变更广泛、更容易双侧发病、胸膜受累、支气管扩张,及肺体积缩小;但仅依据这些征象难以作出MDR-TB的鉴别诊断。迄今的文献提示,肺MDR-TB特异性较高的放射学征象是厚壁多发空洞病变(特别是空洞≥3个时),虽然可能其敏感性不高。对于成人HIV阴性患者,与继发MDR-TB一致,新发MDR-TB也往往有较高的空洞病变发生率,估计在70%左右。结论厚壁多发空洞病变是提示MDR-TB诊断最有意义的放射学征象。未来的研究应该细致地量化空洞病变形态特征。

Geomechanical monitoring of rock's massive in zones of breaks

For safe development of underground space and especially in areas of geological infringements it is necessary to creat effective system of tracking, forecasting and management for deforming processes in such areas-system of geomechanical monitoring. Besides it is necessary to study and imagine the internal mechanism of deforming processes in such special zones. In the paper some basic aspects of creation of geomechanical monitoring systems for realization of supervision, study and modelling of deforming processes, for modelling and study of the stress-strain state of massif in areas of large-scale underground mining works in view of a block-hierarchical structure of rock’s massive (presence of geological infringements) are considered. In particular such important tasks, as research of deforming processes in areas of geological infringements with the help of GPS-technologies and use of the received results for the modeling; construction of models adequately describing a condition of rock’s massive in area of geological infringement. Some results of researches on study of cavities influence on occurrence of an area of limiting conditions in region of geological infringement and possible shift along infringement are submitted.

How do quantum numbers generally vary in the adiabatic transformation of an ideal gas?

We continue to analyse the known law of adiabatic transformation for an ideal gas PV5/3=Constant, where P isthe pressure and V is the volume, and following the approach of non-relativistic quantum mechanics which we suggested in a previous work （Yarman et al. 2010 Int. J. Phys. Sci. 5 1524）. We explicitly determine the constant for the general parallelepiped geometry of a container. We also disclose how the quantum numbers associated with molecules of an ideal gas vary through an arbitrary adiabatic transformation. Physical implications of the results obtained are discussed.

High-Frequency Heating for Soldering in Electronics

Processes of high-frequency (HF) heating are examined and its parameters for the soldering of electronic modules are optimized. The advantages of HF heating are the following: selectivity by skin-effect;high density of energy;process- ing in any environment, including vacuum or inert gas;high ecological cleanliness, improvement solder flowing by electrodynamics forces increase the quality of soldering connections. Investigation of HF electromagnetic heating has allowed to optimize heating speed in local zones of soldering connections formation and to improve their quality due to joint action of superficial effects and electromagnetic forces.

Local High-Frequency Heating in Electronics Technology

Modeling and investigation of HF electromagnetic heating in induction devices with unclosed magnetic circuit has allowed to optimize heating speed in local zones of formation of soldering connections and to improve their quality due to joint action of superficial effects and electromagnetic forces.For all magnetic materials is nonlinear decrease in heating power depending on frequency of HF.Installed the optimal parameters of HF heating for soldering electronics modules by inductor with open-ended magnetic conductor.

Improving the Efficiency of Induction Heating in the Air Gap of the Magnetic Circuit

Improving the efficiency of induction heating of parts in the air gap of the magnetic circuit is associated with the use of surface and edge effects.Through modeling in ANSYS Electromagnetics Suite 19.2 and experimental studies identified patterns of edge effect in the heated parts.To ensure the uniformity of induction heating of small parts and reduce the soldering time,the electrical switch of soldered parts is used,which with the help of device controller forms a secondary circuit with low electrical resistance and high density of eddy currents.

Gd^(3+) content optimization for mastering high light yield and fast GdxAl_(2)Ga_(3)O_(12):Ce^(3+) scintillation ceramics

Tailoring of the composition of the scintillation ceramics Gd_(x)Ce_(0.03)Al_(2)Ga_(3)O_(12)(x=2.89-3.07) heavily doped with Ce was performed.The co-precipitation is found to be quite a useful method to provide a purpo seful deviation of Gd content from the stoichio metric ratio in powders for their further compacting and sintering in the air.The effect of the composition variations on microstructure,phase composition,luminescent and scintillation characteristics is demonstrated.It is shown that Gd content below the stoichiometric composition leads to increasing the grain size but,quenching of the photoluminescence and the scintillation,whereas excess Gd leads to higher luminosity;the maximum value is obtained for the composition with an excess of Gd ~2%.Ceramics possess a light yield of -50000 ph/MeV,effective scintillation kinetics of 50 ns,and is a good candidate for application in a new generation of scanners utilizing pulsed X-ray sources.

Optical coherence elastography of 3D bilayer soft solids using full-field and partial displacement measurements

Characterizing nonhomogeneous elastic property distribution of soft tissues plays a crucial role in disease diagnosis and treatment.In this paper,we will apply the optical coherence elastography to reconstruct the shear modulus elastic property distribution of a bilayer solid.In the computational aspect,we adopt a well-established inverse technique that solves for every nodal shear modulus in the problem domain(NO method).Additionally,we also propose a novel inverse method that assumes the shear moduli merely vary along the thickness of the bilayer solid(TO method).The inversion tests using simulated data demonstrate that TO method performs better in reconstructing the shear modulus distribution.Further,we utilize the experimental data obtained from the optical coherence tomography to reconstruct the shear modulus distribution of a bilayer phantom.We observe that the quality of the reconstructed shear modulus distribution obtained by the partial displacement measurement is better than that obtained by the full-field displacement measurement.Particularly,merely using the displacement component along the loading direction significantly improves the reconstructed results.This work is of great significance in applying optical coherence elastography(OCE)to characterize the elastic property distribution of layered soft tissues such as skins and corneas.