Diagnosis related group grouping study of senile cataract patients based on E-CHAID algorithm

AIM： To figure out the contributed factors of the hospitalization expenses of senile cataract patients（HECP） and build up an area-specified senile cataract diagnosis related group（DRG） of Shanghai thereby formulating the reference range of HECP and providing scientific basis for the fair use and supervision of the health care insurance fund.METHODS： The data was collected from the first page of the medical records of 22 097 hospitalized patients from tertiary hospitals in Shanghai from 2010 to 2012 whose major diagnosis were senile cataract. Firstly, we analyzed the influence factors of HECP using univariate and multivariate analysis. DRG grouping was conducted according to the exhaustive Chi-squared automatic interaction detector（E-CHAID） model, using HECP as target variable. Finally we evaluated the grouping results using non-parametric test such as Kruskal-Wallis H test, RIV, CV, etc.RESULTS： The 6 DRGs were established as well as criterion of HECP, using age, sex, type of surgery and whether complications/comorbidities occurred as the key variables of classification node of senile cataract cases.CONCLUSION： The grouping of senile cataract cases based on E-CHAID algorithm is reasonable. And the criterion of HECP based on DRG can provide a feasible way of management in the fair use and supervision of medical insurance fund.

Identification of genomic features associated with immunotherapy response in gastrointestinal cancers

Gastrointestinal(GI) cancers prevail and account for an extremely high number of cancer deaths worldwide. The traditional treatment strategies, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy, have a limited therapeutic effect for advanced GI cancers. Recently, immunotherapy has shown promise in treating various refractory malignancies, including the GI cancers with mismatch repair deficiency(dMMR) or microsatellite instability(MSI). Thus,immunotherapy could be a promising treatment approach for GI cancers.Unfortunately, only a small proportion of GI cancer patients currently respond to immunotherapy. Therefore, it is important to discover predictive biomarkers for stratifying GI cancer patients response to immunotherapy. Certain genomic features, such as dMMR/MSI, tumor mutation burden(TMB), and tumor aneuploidy have been associated with tumor immunity and im-munotherapy response and may serve as predictive biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we examined the correlations between tumor immunity and three genomic features: dMMR/MSI, TMB, and tumor aneuploidy. We also explored their correlations using The Cancer Genome Atlas data and confirmed that the dMMR/MSI status, high TMB, and low tumor aneuploidy are associated with elevated tumor immunity in GI cancers. To improve the immunotherapeutic potential in GI cancers, more genetic or genomic features associated with tumor immune response need to be identified. Furthermore, it is worth exploring the combination of different immunotherapeutic methods and the combination of immunotherapy with other therapeutic approaches for cancer therapy.

Research on the Realization Path and Application of a Data Governance System Based on Data Architecture

The construction and development of the digital economy,digital society and digital government are facing some common basic problems.Among them,the construction of the data governance system and the improvement of data governance capacity are short boards and weak links,which have seriously restricted the construction and development of the digital economy,digital society and digital government.At present,the broad concept of data governance goes beyond the scope of traditional data governance,which“involves at least four aspects:the establishment of data asset status,management system and mechanism,sharing and openness,security and privacy protection”.Traditional information technologies and methods are powerless to comprehensively solve these problems,so it is urgent to improve understanding and find another way to reconstruct the information technology architecture to provide a scientific and reasonable technical system for effectively solving the problems of data governance.This paper redefined the information technology architecture and proposed the data architecture as the connection link and application support system between the traditional hardware architecture and software architecture.The data registration system is the core composition of the data architecture,and the public key encryption and authentication system is the key component of the data architecture.This data governance system based on the data architecture supports complex,comprehensive,collaborative and cross-domain business application scenarios.It provides scientific and feasible basic support for the construction and development of the digital economy,digital society and digital government.

Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor gene ACE2 in a wide variety of human tissues

Background:Since its discovery in December 2019,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has infected more than 2180000 people worldwide and has caused more than 150000 deaths as of April 16,2020.SARS-CoV-2,which is the virus causing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)as a cell receptor to invade human cells.Thus,ACE2 is the key to understanding the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection.This study is to investigate the ACE2 expression in various human tissues in order to provide insights into the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Methods:We compared ACE2 expression levels across 31 normal human tissues between males and females and between younger(ages≤49 years)and older(ages>49 years)persons using two-sided Student's t test.We also investigated the correlations between ACE2 expression and immune signatures in various tissues using Pearson's correlation test.Results:ACE2 expression levels were the highest in the small intestine,testis,kidneys,heart,thyroid,and adipose tissue,and were the lowest in the blood,spleen,bone marrow,brain,blood vessels,and muscle.ACE2 showed medium expression levels in the lungs,colon,liver,bladder,and adrenal gland.ACE2 was not differentially expressed between males and females or between younger and older persons in any tissue.In the skin,digestive system,brain,and blood vessels,ACE2 expression levels were positively associated with immune signatures in both males and females.In the thyroid and lungs,ACE2 expression levels were positively and negatively associated with immune signatures in males and females,respectively,and in the lungs they had a positive and a negative correlation in the older and younger groups,respectively.Conclusions:Our data indicate that SARS-CoV-2 may infect other tissues aside from the lungs and infect persons with different sexes,ages,and races equally.The different host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection may partially explain why males and females,young and old persons infected with this virus have markedly distinct disease severity.This study provides new insights into the role of ACE2 in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Building a Holistic Taxonomy Model for OGD-Related Risks:Based on a Lifecycle Analysis

For many government departments,uncertainty aversion is a source of barriers in the advancement of data openness.A more active response to potential risks is needed and necessitates an in-depth examination of risks related to open government data(OGD).With a cross-case study in which three cases from the United Kingdom,the United States and China are examined,this study identifies potential risks that might emerge at different stages of the lifecycle of OGD programs and constructs a taxonomy model for them.The taxonomy model distinguishes the“risks from OGD”from the“risks to OGD”,which can help government departments make better responses.Finally,risk response strategies are suggested based on the research results.

Novel robust simultaneous localization and mapping for long-term autonomous robots

A fundamental task for mobile robots is simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM).Moreover,long-term robustness is an important property for SLAM.When vehicles or robots steer fast or steer in certain scenarios,such as low-texture environments,long corridors,tunnels,or other duplicated structural environments,most SLAM systems might fail.In this paper,we propose a novel robust visual inertial light detection and ranging(Li Da R)navigation(VILN)SLAM system,including stereo visual-inertial Li Da R odometry and visual-Li Da R loop closure.The proposed VILN SLAM system can perform well with low drift after long-term experiments,even when the Li Da R or visual measurements are degraded occasionally in complex scenes.Extensive experimental results show that the robustness has been greatly improved in various scenarios compared to state-of-the-art SLAM systems.

Spatio-temporal keyword query in semantic trajectories

1 Introduction With the development of the GPS positioning technology and the popularization of smart mobile devices,more and more trajectory data are collected continuously.Semantic trajectories can be obtained by adding semantic information such as landmarks and activities to raw trajectories.Keyword query in semantic trajectory database that returns the relevant places/routes has attracted increasing attention from researchers in recent years.[1]studies spatial keyword query which consists of a set of query locations and a set of query keywords representing user’s preference.[2]is the first work to study the activity query on semantic trajectories.The query is in the form of a sequence of query locations,each associated with a set of desired activities.[3]is an extended work of[2]to support approximate keyword search.However,these works only consider spatial and textual feature of keywords,which cannot answer the query with temporal requirements.Additionally,they match keywords only by string similarity without considering their semantic meanings.

Genetic Analysis of FBXO2, FBXO6, FBXO12, and FBXO41 Variants in Han Chinese Patients with Sporadic Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson＇s disease （PD） is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and has an elusive etiology. It is likely multifactorial, and genetic defects contribute to its pathogenesis. At least 25 genetic loci and 20 monogenic genes have been identified in monogenic PD. Recessive F-box protein 7 gene （FBX07） mutations reportedly cause hereditary parkinsonism. To explore the roles of four paralogs （FBX02, FBX06, FBX012, and FBX041） in PD development, their variants （rs9614, rs28924120, rs6442117, and rs61733550, respectively） were analyzed in 502 Han Chinese patients with PD and 556 age, gender, and ethnicity-matched normal participants in China's Mainland. Statistically significant differences in genotypic and allelic frequencies were detected only in the FBX02 variant rs9614 （P = 0.001 and 0.023, respectively; odds ratio 0.819, 95% confidence interval 0.690-0.973） between patients and controls. These results suggest that the FBX02 variant rs9614 C allele may decrease the PD risk in mainland Han Chinese and may be a biomarker for PD.

Association between antipsychotic agents and risk of lung cancer: a nested case-control study

Dear Editor,Antipsychotics are a class of psychotropic medication pri-marily used for the treatment of schizophrenia and a range of other psychotic disorders.They are antagonists of multiple receptors,such as dopamine D 1,dopamine D 2,serotonin 5HT 2A,and serotonin 5HT 1A receptors.Serotonin antagonists have been identified as growth-inhibiting agents in cancer cells,and they not only inhibit the growth of cancer cells but may also induce apoptosis in these cells[1].Several studies have examined the asso-ciation between antipsychotics and certain cancers,but the relationship between antipsychotics and lung cancer remains largely unknown.