Effects of ICA on the Proliferation and Secretion of Chondrocytes in Bioscaffold Based on 3D Printing Technology

Articular cartilage plays an important role in weight-bearing and movement.However,it is also more easily damaged in intra-articular fractures.As the cartilage has no vessel and nerve,so it is hardly to repair itself once damaged seriously.Tissue engineering is a potential way to cure the cartilage damage because it combines scaffold and cells.Gels

基于结构的虚拟筛选预测斜蛛属蜘蛛毒液天然抑制剂

目的世界范围内斜蛛属蜘蛛咬伤事故不断增多,急需探索天然抑制剂来抑制最显著的鞘磷脂酶D和透明质酸酶。方法通过DrugRep服务器使用中药抗鞘磷脂酶D(PDB ID:2F9R)和透明质酸酶进行虚拟筛选。通过同一服务器预测吸收、分布、代谢和排泄(ADME)参数。此外,使用CABS-flex 2.0工具进行分子动力学模拟,确定潜在最佳天然抑制剂的优先次序。结果从分子对接和ADME参数来看,中药抑制抗鞘磷脂酶D和透明质酸酶的天然抑制剂中,Tiliroside和Digitoxin表现最佳。而洋地黄毒苷和β-胡萝卜素是对透明质酸酶最有效的抑制剂。分子动力学模拟证明了对接复合物的稳定性。结论通过中药对斜蛛属蜘蛛毒液酶的计算机模拟抑制得到证明,值得开展湿实验分析。

大型污水处理厂工艺优化及改造案例分析

对上海某大型污水处理厂(原设计处理量为120×104m3/d,采用高效沉淀池处理工艺)进行了工艺优化及模拟改造,介绍了优化模拟改造系统的分析步骤,建立了污水厂达标改造和扩建工艺模型。污水厂达标改造工艺模型模拟结果表明,高效沉淀池的处理出水应根据具体情况,部分进入二级生物处理,以达到排放标准;扩建工艺模拟结果表明,应根据实际进水量和水温情况合理控制DO,出水水质才能达到排放标准。

应用工艺智能优化控制系统降低污水厂能耗

生物工艺智能优化系统(BIOS)是一个前馈优化系统,通过获得A/O工艺实时的在线数据(如氨氮、硝酸盐氮、进水流量、混合液悬浮物浓度),BIOS系统不断进行模拟计算,然后按照生物反应器进水的污染物负荷状况来提供最佳的DO设定值;同时为达到最佳的TN去除率,BIOS系统还对好氧区回流至缺氧区的内回流比(IRQ)进行了优化。BIOS系统在美国康涅狄格州En-field污水厂的实际应用情况表明,该系统能提高脱氮效率36%,同时降低曝气量19%。

Preparation and characterization of colloidal dispersions of graphene-like structures from different ranks of coals

This paper focuses on preparation of colloidal solution of graphene-like structures from different ranks of coals: brown coal,bituminous coal,low-volatile bituminous coal,anthracite. It was found that brown coal thermo-oxidative destruction leads to formation of small d = 32 nm( V = 17%) and large d = 122 nm( V = 11%) fractions of nanoparticles. The thermo-oxidative destruction of bituminous coal leads to formation of nanoparticles d = 50 nm( V = 5.2%) and d = 164 nm( V = 16%). Thermooxidative destruction of low-volatile bituminous coal and anthracite leads to formation of nanoparticles,predominantly,d = 122-190 nm. Carbon nanostructures obtained from coal are negatively charged at pH= 2-12. Colloidal solution of carbon nanostructures at dispersed phase concentration 0. 01 mg/mL is stable for 1 month. Electron diffraction patterns and X-ray analysis of carbon nanostructures showed that nanostructure from brown coal is amorphous and nanostructure from anthracite is crystalline. Results of coal macromolecules modeling and graphene-like structures obtained from them are presented.

Gasification of plastic waste as waste-to-energy or waste-to-syngas recovery route

The disposal of plastic solid waste (PSW) has become a major worldwide environmental problem. New sustainable processes have emerged, i.e. either advanced mechanical recycling of PSW as virgin or second grade plastic feedstock, or thermal treatments to recycle the waste as virgin monomer, as synthetic fuel gas, or as heat source (incineration with energy recovery). These processes avoid land filling, where the non-biodegradable plastics remain a lasting environmental burden. Within the thermal treatments, gasification and pyrolysis gain increased interest. Gasification has been widely studied and applied for biomass and coal, with results reported and published in literature. The application to the treatment of PSW is less documented. Gasification is commonly operated at high temperatures (> 600℃ to 800℃) in an air-lean environment (or oxygen-deficient in some applications): the air factor is generally between 20% and 40% of the amount of air needed for the combustion of the PSW. Gasification produces mostly a gas phase and a solid residue (char and ashes). The use of air introduces N2 in the product gases, thus considerably reducing the calorific value of the syngas, because of the dilution. The paper will review the existing literature data on PSW gasification, both as the result of laboratory and pilot-scale research. Processes developed in the past will be illustrated. Recently, the use of a sequential gasification and combustion system (at very high temperatures) has been applied to various plastic-containing wastes, with atmospheric emissions shown to be invariably below the legal limits. Operating results and conditions will be reviewed in the paper, and completed with recent own lab-scale experimental results. These results demonstrate that gasification of PSW can be considered as a first order reaction, with values of the activation energy in the order of 187 to 289 kJ/mol as a function of the PSW nature.

Cobalt/iron bimetal-organic frameworks as efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction

The development of high efficiency and stable electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution is critical for energy storage and conversion systems. Herein, a series of Co/Fe bimetal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were fabricated using a facile ultrasonic method at room temperature, as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline solution. The Co2Fe-MOF exhibited an overpotential of 280 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm^-2, a low Tafel slope of 44.7 mV dec^-1, and long-term stability over 12000 s in 1 mol L^-1 KOH. This impressive performance was attributed to the high charge transfer rate, large specific surface area, and synergistic effects of the cobalt and iron centers.

Study of the Effect of Different Solids Load on the Optimum pH during Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Steam Exploded Corn Stover

The understanding of enzymatic saccharification of pretreated lignocellulosic material is of great importance. There are several important commercially available enzymes in the market that are used for this purpose. The conditions of pH and temperature performance of any particular enzyme are very well defined and it is clearly indicated by its manufacturer and it depends on the type of enzyme or enzymes in the complex pool. It is well know that commercial cellulases work best at pH around 4.8-5.0 and as a consequence this is widely used in the industry and the literature. In this study it was found that optimum pH of cellulases is different than that recommended by its manufacturer at higher solids load saccharification. The optimum pH changes depending on the consistency or solids loads of the matrix where the enzyme is acting upon. Steam exploded corn stover was tested with cellulases and xylanases at different pH, consistencies and ionic strength. Results showed that the optimum pH at lower consistency （1% w/w） is the same as the one recommended by the manufacturer and in the literature; however at higher consistency the value obtained was higher （pH 5.5 to pH 6.5） instead ofpH 4.8. The difference could represent up to 30-50% higher yields and hence of great importance for the economics of second generation fuel production. An explanation of this behavior could be associated with the Donnan effect theory. This effect indicates that the presence of charged groups in the fiber matrix creates a pH gradient within the slurry. If the charged groups are negatively charged this would create a local or internal pH lower than the surrounding liquid pH. This could explain why by reducing the concentration of H^＋ higher enzymatic conversion yields were observed.

Genotoxic Effect of Phenol on the Cells of Onion (Allium cepa) Roots

The roots of onion (Allium cepa) stand out for having cells with large size and small number of chromosomes.These characteristics make them useful in bioassays for the measurement of a variety of cytogenetic and morphological parameters , in which they can be used as toxicity indicators of the induction and formation of micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations.Based on this background , the potential genotoxic effect of phenol concentration on cells of A.ceparoots was investigated either in terms of induced aberrations or micronuclei formation.The results demonstrated that the higher the concentration of phenol , the higher the incidence of abnormalities , thus confirming the genotoxicity of this pollutant.

Nanocarrier of Pin1 inhibitor based on supercritical fluid technology inhibits cancer metastasis by blocking multiple signaling pathways

Cancer metastasis is the primary cause of all cancer-related deaths due to the lack of effective targeted drugs that simultaneously block multiple signaling pathways that drive the dissemination and growth of cancer cells.The unique proline isomerase Pin1 activates numerous cancer pathways,but its role in cancer metastasis and the inhibitory efficacy of Pin1 inhibitors on cancer metastasis are unknown.Moreover,the applicability of Pin1 inhibitor-all-trans retinoic acid(ATRA)is limited due to its several drawbacks.Herein,uniform ATRA-loaded polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol block copolymer nanoparticles(ATRA-NPs)with high encapsulation efficiency,good cellular uptake,excellent controlled release performance and pharmacokinetics are developed using supercritical carbon dioxide processing combined with an optimized design.ATRA-NPs exhibited excellent biosafety and significant inhibition on the growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.Pin1 played a key role in cancer metastasis and was the main target of ATRA-NPs.ATRA-NPs exerted their potent anti-metastatic effect by inhibiting Pin1 and then simultaneously blocking multiple signaling pathways and cancer epithelial-mesenchymal progression.Since ATRA-NPs could effectively couple the inhibition of cancer cell dissemination with cancer growth,it provided a novel therapeutic strategy for efficiently inhibiting cancer metastasis.

Decellularized extracellular matrix-based composite scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

Despite the considerable advancements in fabricating polymeric-based scaffolds for tissue engineering,the clinical transformation of these scaffolds remained a big challenge because of the difficulty of simulating native organs/tissues'microenvironment.As a kind of natural tissue-derived biomaterials,decellularized extracellular matrix(dECM)-based scaffolds have gained attention due to their unique biomimetic properties,providing a specific microenvironment suitable for promoting cell proliferation,migration,attachment and regulating differentiation.The medical applications of dECM-based scaffolds have addressed critical challenges,including poor mechanical strength and insufficient stability.For promoting the reconstruction of damaged tissues or organs,dif-ferent types of dECM-based composite platforms have been designed to mimic tissue microenvironment,including by integrating with natural polymer or/and syntenic polymer or adding bioactive factors.In this review,we summarized the research progress of dECM-based composite scaffolds in regenerative medicine,highlighting the critical challenges and future perspectives related to the medical application of these composite materials。

NIR-switchable local hydrogen generation by tandem bimetallic MOFs nanocomposites for enhanced chemodynamic therapy

The inadequate quantity of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))in cancer cells promptly results in the constrained success of chemodynamic therapy(CDT).Significant efforts made throughout the years;nevertheless,researchers are still facing the great challenge of designing a CDT agent and securing H_(2)O_(2) supply within the tumor cell.In this study,taking advantage of H_(2)O_(2) level maintenance mechanism in cancer cells,a nanozyme-based bimetallic metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)tandem reactor is fabricated to elevate intracellular H_(2)O_(2) levels,thereby enhancing CDT.In addition,under nearinfrared excitation,the upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)loaded into the MOFs can perform photocatalysis and generate hydrogen,which increases cellular susceptibility to radicals induced from H_(2)O_(2),inhibits cancer cell energy,causes DNA damages and induces tumor cell apoptosis,thus improving CDT therapeutic efficacy synergistically.The proposed nanozyme-based bimetallic MOFs-mediated CDT and UCNPs-mediated hydrogen therapy act as combined therapy with high efficacy and low toxicity.

Decellularised extracellular matrix-based injectable hydrogels for tissue engineering applications

Decellularised extracellular matrix(dECM)is a biomaterial derived from natural tissues that has attracted considerable attention from tissue engineering researchers due to its exceptional biocompatibility and malleability attributes.These advantageous properties often facilitate natural cell infiltration and tissue reconstruction for regenerative medicine.Due to their excellent fluidity,the injectable hydrogels can be administered in a liquid state and subsequently formed into a gel state in vivo,stabilising the target area and serving in a variety of ways,such as support,repair,and drug release functions.Thus,dECM-based injectable hydrogels have broad prospects for application in complex organ structures and various tissue injury models.This review focuses on exploring research advances in dECM-based injectable hydrogels,primarily focusing on the applications and prospects of dECM hydrogels in tissue engineering.Initially,the recent developments of the dECM-based injectable hydrogels are explained,summarising the different preparation methods with the evaluation of injectable hydrogel properties.Furthermore,some specific examples of the applicability of dECM-based injectable hydrogels are presented.Finally,we summarise the article with interesting prospects and challenges of dECM-based injectable hydrogels,providing insights into the development of these composites in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Synergistic chemo-/photothermal therapy based on supercritical technology-assisted chitosan–indocyanine green/luteolin nanocomposites for wound healing

Despite the success,it is highly challenging to battle against pathogenic biofilms-based chronic bacterial infections by conventional antibiotic therapy.Herein,we report a near-infrared(NIR)/acid-induced nanoplatform based on chitosan(CS)-coated indocyanine green(ICG,photosensitizer)/luteolin(LUT,a natural quorum sensing inhibitor)nanocomposites(ICG/LUT-CS)as antibacterial and antibiofilm agents for skin wound healing.Initially,the ICG/LUT nanoplatforms are prepared by the supercritical antisolvent technology and coated with the CS layer.The obtained ICG/LUT-CS with ultra-high encapsulation efficiency exhibited more favorable photothermal conversion effects and improved NIR laser/acid dual-induced drug release behavior than individual modalities,achieving exceptional bacteria-killing and biofilm elimination effects.Moreover,the ICG/LUT-CS realized the synergetic effects of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy outcomes for wound healing.Together,our findings provided an appealing strategy for the rapid preparation and future translational application of ICG/LUT-CS as an ideal agent for fighting against biofilm infections.

Immune-regulating camouflaged nanoplatforms:A promising strategy to improve cancer nano-immunotherapy

Although nano-immunotherapy has advanced dramatically in recent times,there remain two significant hurdles related to immune systems in cancer treatment,such as(namely)inevitable immune elimination of nanoplat-forms and severely immunosuppressive microenvironment with low immunogenicity,hampering the perfor-mance of nanomedicines.To address these issues,several immune-regulating camouflaged nanocomposites have emerged as prevailing strategies due to their unique characteristics and specific functionalities.In this review,we emphasize the composition,performances,and mechanisms of various immune-regulating camouflaged nano-platforms,including polymer-coated,cell membrane-camouflaged,and exosome-based nanoplatforms to evade the immune clearance of nanoplatforms or upregulate the immune function against the tumor.Further,we discuss the applications of these immune-regulating camouflaged nanoplatforms in directly boosting cancer immunotherapy and some immunogenic cell death-inducing immunotherapeutic modalities,such as chemo-therapy,photothermal therapy,and reactive oxygen species-mediated immunotherapies,highlighting the cur-rent progress and recent advancements.Finally,we conclude the article with interesting perspectives,suggesting future tendencies of these innovative camouflaged constructs towards their translation pipeline.

NIR-responsive carrier-free nanoparticles based on berberine hydrochloride and indocyanine green for synergistic antibacterial therapy and promoting infected wound healing

Bacterial infections cause severe health conditions,resulting in a significant economic burden for the public health system.Although natural phytochemicals are considered promising anti-bacterial agents,they suffer from several limitations,such as poor water solubility and low bioavailability in vivo,severely restricting their wide application.Herein,we constructed a near-infrared(NIR)-responsive carrier-free berberine hydrochloride(BH,phytochemicals)/indocyanine green(ICG,photosensitizer)nanoparticles(BI NPs)for synergistic antibacterial of an infected wound.Through electrostatic interaction andπ-πstacking,the hydrophobic BH and amphiphilic ICG are initially self-assembled to generate carrier-free nanoparticles.The obtained BI NPs demonstrated NIR-responsive drug release behavior and better photothermal conversion efficiency of up to 36%.In addition,BI NPs stimulated by NIR laser exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity,which realized the synergistic antibacterial treatment and promoted infected wound healing.In summary,the current research results provided a candidate strategy for self-assembling new BI NPs to treat bacterial infections synergistically.

Biomedical applications of magnetosomes: State of the art and perspectives

Magnetosomes, synthesized by magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), have been used in nano- and biotechnological applications, owing to their unique properties such as superparamagnetism, uniform size distribution, excellent bioavailability, and easily modifiable functional groups. In this review, we first discuss the mechanisms of magnetosome formation and describe various modification methods. Subsequently, we focus on presenting the biomedical advancements of bacterial magnetosomes in biomedical imaging, drug delivery, anticancer therapy, biosensor. Finally, we discuss future applications and challenges. This review summarizes the application of magnetosomes in the biomedical field, highlighting the latest advancements and exploring the future development of magnetosomes.

Bioplastic production in terms of life cycle assessment:A state-of-theart review

The current transition to sustainability and the circular economy can be viewed as a socio-technical response to environmental impacts and the need to enhance the overall performance of the linear production and consumption paradigm.The concept of biowaste refineries as a feasible alternative to petroleum refineries has gained popularity.Biowaste has become an important raw material source for developing bioproducts and biofuels.Therefore,effective environmental biowaste management systems for the production of bioproducts and biofuels are crucial and can be employed as pillars of a circular economy.Bioplastics,typically plastics manufactured from bio-based polymers,stand to contribute to more sustainable commercial plastic life cycles as part of a circular economy in which virgin polymers are made from renewable or recycled raw materials.Various frameworks and strategies are utilized to model and illustrate additional patterns in fossil fuel and bioplastic feedstock prices for various governments'long-term policies.This review paper highlights the harmful impacts of fossil-based plastic on the environment and human health,as well as the mass need for eco-friendly alternatives such as biodegradable bioplastics.Utilizing new types of bioplastics derived from renewable resources(e.g.,biowastes,agricultural wastes,or microalgae)and choosing the appropriate end-of-life option(e.g.,anaerobic digestion)may be the right direction to ensure the sustainability of bioplastic production.Clear regulation and financial incentives are still required to scale from niche polymers to large-scale bioplastic market applications with a truly sustainable impact.

Supercritical fluid-assisted fabrication of C-doped Co_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles based on polymer-coated metal salt nanoreactors for efficient enzyme-mimicking and glucose sensor properties

Nanomaterials doped with non-metallic C have attracted tremendous attention as potential nano-artificial enzymes due to their ability to change the energy band structure to improve their intrinsic properties.Herein,we report a green,facile,efficient,fast strategy to access high-performance nanozymes via supercritical CO_(2)fluid technology-fabricated polymer nanoreactor of poly-(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride)(PVM/MA)coated Co(NO_(3))_(2)into C-doped Co_(3)O_(4)(C-Co_(3)O_(4))nanozyme by a onestep calcination process.Converting PVM/MA to C doping into Co_(3)O_(4)shortens the entire lattice constant of the crystal structure,and the overall valence band energy level below the Fermi level shifts toward the lower energy direction.The as-prepared CCo_(3)O_(4)demonstrated significant peroxidase-like catalytic activity,significantly greater than the undoped Co_(3)O_(4)nanoparticle nanozyme.The following density functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed that the doped nano-enzyme catalytic site displayed a unique electronic structure,altering the material surface with more electrons to fill the anti-bond of the two molecular orbitals,significantly improving the peroxidase-like enzyme catalytic and glucose sensor performance.The resultant enzymatic glucose sensing in a linear range of 0.1–0.6 mM with a detection limit of 3.86μM is in line with standard Michaelis–Menten theory.Collectively,this work demonstrates that converting polymers into nanozymes of C-doped form by supercritical CO_(2)fluid technology in a step is an effective strategy for constructing high-performance glucose sensor nanozymes.This cost-effective,reliable,precise system offers the potential for rapid analyte detection,facilitating its application in a variety of fields.

Nature-inspired nanocarriers for improving drug therapy of atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis(AS)has emerged as one of the prevalent arterial vascular diseases characterized by plaque and inflammation,primarily causing disability and mortality globally.Drug therapy remains the main treatment for AS.However,a series of obstacles hinder effective drug delivery.Nature,from natural micro-/nano-structural biological particles like natural cells and extracellular vesicles to the distinctions between the normal and pathological microenvironment,offers compelling solutions for efficient drug delivery.Nature-inspired nanocarriers of synthetic stimulus-responsive materials and natural components,such as lipids,proteins and membrane structures,have emerged as promising candidates for fulfilling drug delivery needs.These nanocarriers offer several advantages,including prolonged blood circulation,targeted plaque delivery,targeted specific cells delivery and controlled drug release at the action site.In this review,we discuss the nature-inspired nanocarriers which leverage the natural properties of cells or the microenvironment to improve atherosclerotic drug therapy.Finally,we provide an overview of the challenges and opportunities of applying these innovative nature-inspired nanocarriers.