Anti-fatigue effects of salidroside in mice

目的将在老鼠学习 salidroside 的反疲劳效果。完全， 120 个正常男 Kunming 鼠标基于身体重量被使随机化进 5 个组(4 个 salidroside 干预组和控制组) 的方法。控制组被给提取的水和组们被给 salidroside 的各种各样的剂量的 4 干预(60， 180， 360， 720 mg/kg ) 为 15 连续的天分别地。层次喂奶，浆液脲氮，肌肉和肝肝糖，最长的游泳时间和血红素在游泳前后被决定测试。结果 salidroside 的不同剂量显著地变长游泳时间并且当减少的时，增加了血红素和肌肉和肝肝糖的内容与控制组相比显著地在血喂奶，特别在 180 mg/kg salidroside 组。结论 Salidroside 在老鼠上有显著反疲劳效果。这些效果是剂量依赖者，并且大多数 biomarkers 上的最强壮的效果与中间的剂量被看见。

Effect of Pin1 Inhibitor Juglone on Proliferation,Migration and Angiogenic Ability of Breast Cancer Cell Line MCF7Adr

Summary： This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Pinl inhibitor Juglone on proliferation, migration and the angiogenic ability of breast cancer cell line MCF7Adr. MCF7Adr ceils were cultured and sepa- rately treated with Pinl inhibitor Juglone （treatment group） and DMEM without drug （control group）. The cell cycle was examined by flow cytometry. Cell migration was measured by wound-healing assay. Cyclin E protein content was detected by Western blotting. The angiogenesis factor vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in cell media was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The re- suits showed that the percentage of cells in GJM phase in treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group （25.5% vs. 10.1%, P〈0.05）, and that in G0/G1 phase and S stage in treatment group was significantly lower than that in control group （40.5% vs. 48.2%, and 33.7% vs. 41.7%, P〈0：05）. Cyclin E protein content in treatment group was significantly lower than that in control group （39.2±7.4 vs. 100±23.1, P〈0.05）. （A0-A24）/A0 value in treatment group was significantly lower than that in control group （23.9±3.8 vs. 100±14.4, P〈0.05）. VEGF-A, -B, and -C contents in cell media of treatment group were significantly lower than those in control group （P〈0.05）. It was suggested that Pinl inhibitor Juglone can effectively inhibit the proliferation, migration and the angiogenic ability of MCF7Adr cells, and can be used as an alternative drug therapy for breast cancer.

Isolation, Culture and Induced Differentiation of Fetal Porcine Islet Derived Pancreatic Stem Cell

To isolate and culture the porcine pancreatic stem cells and investigate their function, the fetal porcine pancreatic stem cells were isolated by the method of suspending plus adhering culture. The isolated cells were then identified by immunohistochemical staining, and their culture viability measured through the MTT method in vitro. This induced them to differentiate into endocrine cells and detect their function. The isolated IPSCS did not express nestin, but expressed CK-19, a marker of ductal epithelia cells and ct-actin, a smooth muscle marker, demonstrating the growth characteristics of ES-like cells, and strong proliferative ability, after 18 passages. They could excrete insulin, and showed ultrastructure changes after being induced. Porcine pancreatic stem cells can be isolated by this method, induced to form islet-like clusters, and can secret insulin.

Preparation of PLGA Ceftiofur Hydrochlorate Lung- targeted Microsphere with Spray Drying Process

To explore the preparation of PLGA ceftiofur hydrochlorate lung-targeted microsphere with spray drying process, the preparation technics was optimized by orthogonal experiments. Appearance, particle size, drug-loaded properties and medicine dissolution rate of the microsphere were evaluated. The experimental results show that the prepared PLGA microspheres loaded with ceftiofur hydrochlorate have good appearance, good encapsulate rate and dissolution. The drug loading capacity of ceftiofur-hydrochlorate-loaded PLGA microsphere prepared with spray drying process is 23.06%, i e, when the dosing ratio is 1：3, the encapsulate rate is 92.23% at maximum, and the release percentage of medicine is at 0.5 h. The medicine is released almost completely at 20 h and the accumulated medicine release is 98.12%.

Influence of Water Stress on the Citric Acid Metabolism Related Gene Expression in the Ponkan Fruits

To explore the influence of water stress on fruit quality and gene expression related to citrate metabolism of ponkan. The test were conducted from May 15 to December 24 in 2013 using six-year-old ponkan (C. blanco cv. Ponkan) trees with 40% soil water conditions by taken regular watering as control. The content of acids in fruit were determined by HPLC, and relative expression of related genes of citric acid metabolic were determined by relative fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results showed that the content of citric acid, malic acid, quinic acid and total organic acids per gram sarcocarp were extremely increased by 285.2%, 320%, 480% and 299.1%, and the content of per-fruit organic acid were 77.39%, 89.64%, 117.24% and 75.9% respectively compared to those control in the fruit mature stage. Relative expression of CitCS1, CitCS2 were higher than control, and relative expression of CitAco1, CitAco2, CitAco3 had a certain increase in the late fruit development, were lower in mature stage. Three relative expression of CitIDH gene were higher than control in mature stage. Low CitGAD4 relative expression and undetectable in mature stage, the relative expression of CitGAD5 gene had a role in promoting under water stress. Furthermore, the relative expression of CitCS1, CitCS2, CitACO1, CitACO3, CitIDH1, CitIDH2, CitIDH3, CitGAD4 and CitGAD5 were influenced by water stress through the correlation analysis. Water stress caused the accumulation of citric acid, declined fruit quality, leaded to change of the genetic rela- tive expression about citric acid synthesis and degradation. The down-regulation of CitACO1, CitGAD4 and up-regulation of CitCS1, CitCS2 might be one of the reasons that promoted to the accumulation of citric acid.

Kinetics and mechanisms of p-nitrophenol biodegradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa HS-D38

The kinetics and mechanisms of p-nitrophenol （PNP） biodegradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa HS-D38 were investigated. PNP could be used by HS-D38 strain as the sole carbon, nitrogen and energy sources, and PNP was mineralized at the maximum concentration of 500 mg/L within 24 h in an mineral salt medium （MSM）. The analytical results indicated that the biodegradation of PNP fit the first order kinetics model. The rate constant kpNp is 2.039 ×10^-2/h in MSM medium, KeNp＋N is 3.603 × 10^-2/h with the addition of ammonium chloride and KPNP＋c is 9.74 ×10^-3/h with additional glucose. The addition of ammonium chloride increased the degradation of PNP. On the contrary, the addition of glucose inhibited and delayed the biodegradation of PNP. Chemical analysis results by thin-layer chromatography （TLC）, UV-Vis spectroscopy and gas chromatography （GC） techniques suggested that PNP was converted to hydroquinone （HQ） and further degraded via 1,2,4-benzenetriol （1 ,2,4-BT） pathway.

Effects of Plastic Film Mulching on Quality and Appearance of Statuma Mandarin Fruit

Six-year Statuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc. Cv. Miyagawa Wase) trees were used as materials to investigate the effects of plastic film mulching on quality and appearance of Statuma mandarin fruit during three periods of cell division, cell enlargement and mature stages. The results showed that mulching during the cell division and early-mature stages increased total sugar and reduced sugar content of fruit as well as the Vc content, compared to the control. However, the titratable acid content, fruit size, peel weight and single fruit weight were all lower than the control. Film mulching during the cell division phage resulted in higher edible fruit rate, while the fruit shape index was similar to the control. Mulching during the early-mature stage didn’t affect the edible rate of fruit, but caused lower fruit shape index. Compared to the control, film mulching during the cell enlargement period caused lower total and reducing sugar content, titratable acid content and edible rate, while the Vc content was a little bit higher than the control. In addition, the fruit size, peel weight, single fruit weight and fruit shape index were all lower than the control. Mulching during the early-mature period effectively enhanced the content of total and reduced sugar and Vc and decreased the titratable acid content. Hence, it increased fruit quality but had negative effect on fruit appearance.

Preparation of Lung Targeting Microspheres of Gelatin Ceftiofur Alkali

Gelatin ceftiofur alkali microsphere was prepared to observe its characteristics and evaluate preservation conditions. The glutaraldehyde was increased and the carboxylic methyl chitosan was added to improve the microsphere. The experimental results show microspheres have a better morphology surface and fairly regular structure with 4% glutaraldehyde. The average particle size is 15.84 gm and particle size distribution is narrow which shows a good uniformity. Microsphere size was affected by the stirrer speed, dosing ratio and curing degree. The greater drug loaded is, the better microspheres loading is; but with the increase of drug loading rate, the entrapment efficiency increases first and then decreases. The drug release rate of the microsphere is 24.90% in 0.5 h and 84.90% in 48 h, when CMC-GMs with 4% curing agent is 32.03% in 0.5 h and 88.44% in 48 h. So Gms embedding of ceftiofur alkali are better than CMC-GM. The stability tests show that strong light, high temperature, high humidity have a great influence on the microspheres.

Chemical Oxidative Synthesis and Conductivity of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)

[Objective] This paper was to introduce the chemical oxidative synthesis process, properties and test methods of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene(EDOT). [Method] The poor water solubility of EDOT was solved by using polyethylene glycol 20000(PEG) as the surfactant. The monomer was polymerized by chemical oxidative synthesis. The product was analyzed and verified by infrared spectrum, X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra.[Result] The conductivity of the product was the best when the mass ratio of PEG and EDOT was 1∶1. The effects of oxidant dose and reaction time on the conductivity and yield of the product showed certain regularity. [Conclusion] EDOT could be polymerized by PEG and FeCl3, and the polymerization product was PEDOT.

Bulging Distortion of Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheet on the Partially Penetrated Side of Non-Penetration Lap Laser Welding Joint

Non-penetration laser welding of lap joints in austenitic stainless steel sheets is commonly preferred in fields where the surface quality is of utmost importance.However,the application of non-penetration welded austenitic stainless steel parts is limited owing to the micro bulging distortion that occurs on the back surface of the partial penetration side.In this paper,non-penetration lap laser welding experiments,were conducted on galvanized and SUS304 austenitic stainless steel plates using a fiber laser,to investigate the mechanism of bulging distortion.A comparative experiment of DC01 galvanized steel-Q235 carbon steel lap laser welding was carried out,and the deflection and distortion profile of partially penetrated side of the sheets were measured using a noncontact laser interferometer.In addition,the cold-rolled SUS304 was subjected to heat holding at different temperatures and water quenching after bending to characterize its microstructure under tensile and compressive stress.The results show that,during the heating stage of the thermal cycle of laser lap welding,the partial penetration side of the SUS304 steel sheet generates compressive stress,which extrudes the material in the heat-affected zone to the outside of the back of the SUS304 steel sheet,thereby forming a bulge.The findings of these experiments can be of great value for controlling the distortion of the partial penetrated side of austenitic stainless steel sheet during laser non-penetration lap welding.

Isolation and Functional Characterisation of the Genes Encoding Δ~8-Sphingolipid Desaturase from Brassica rapa

8-Sphingolipid desaturase is the key enzyme that catalyses desaturation at the C8 position of the long-chain base of sphingolipids in higher plants. There have been no previous studies on the genes encoding AS-sphingolipid desaturases in Brassica rapa. In this study, four genes encoding AS-sphingolipid desaturases from B. rapa were isolated and characterised. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that these genes could be divided into two groups： BrD8A, BrD8C and BrD8D in group I, and BrD8B in group II. The two groups of genes diverged before the separation of Arabidopsis and Brassica. Though the four genes shared a high sequence similarity, and their coding desaturases all located in endoplasmic reticulum, they exhibited distinct expression patterns. Heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed that BrD8A/B/C/D were functionally diverse AS-sphingolipid desaturases that catalyse different ratios of the two products 8（Z）- and 8（E）-C18-phytosphingenine. The aluminium tolerance of transgenic yeasts expressing BrD8A/B/C/D was enhanced compared with that of control cells. Expression of BrD8A in Arabidopsis changed the ratio of 8（Z）：8（E）-C 18-phytosphingenine in transgenic plants. The information reported here provides new insights into the biochemical functional diversity and evolutionary relationship of AS-sphingolipid desaturase in plants and lays a foundation for further investigation of the mechanism of 8（Z）- and 8（E）-C18- phytosphingenine biosynthesis.

Mitogenomic analysis of the genus Panthera

The complete sequences of the mitochondrial DNA genomes of Panthera tigris,Panthera pardus,and Panthera uncia were determined using the polymerase chain reaction method.The lengths of the complete mitochondrial DNA sequences of the three species were 16990,16964,and 16773 bp,respectively.Each of the three mitochondrial DNA genomes included 13 protein-coding genes,22 tRNA,two rRNA,one O L R,and one control region.The structures of the genomes were highly similar to those of Felis catus,Acinonyx jubatus,and Neofelis nebulosa.The phylogenies of the genus Panthera were inferred from two combined mitochondrial sequence data sets and the complete mitochondrial genome sequences,by MP (maximum parsimony),ML (maximum likelihood),and Bayesian analysis.The results showed that Panthera was composed of Panthera leo,P.uncia,P.pardus,Panthera onca,P.tigris,and N.nebulosa,which was included as the most basal member.The phylogeny within Panthera genus was N.nebulosa (P.tigris (P.onca (P.pardus,(P.leo,P.uncia)))).The divergence times for Panthera genus were estimated based on the ML branch lengths and four well-established calibration points.The results showed that at about 11.3 MYA,the Panthera genus separated from other felid species and then evolved into the several species of the genus.In detail,N.nebulosa was estimated to be founded about 8.66 MYA,P.tigris about 6.55 MYA,P.uncia about 4.63 MYA,and P.pardus about 4.35 MYA.All these estimated times were older than those estimated from the fossil records.The divergence event,evolutionary process,speciation,and distribution pattern of P.uncia,a species endemic to the central Asia with core habitats on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and surrounding highlands,mostly correlated with the geological tectonic events and intensive climate shifts that happened at 8,3.6,2.5,and 1.7 MYA on the plateau during the late Cenozoic period.

Genomic Distribution of Quantitative Trait Loci for Yield and Yield-related Traits in Common Wheat

A major objective of quantitative trait locus （QTL） studies is to find genes/markers that can be used in breeding programs via marker assisted selection （MAS）.We surveyed the QTLs for yield and yieldrelated traits and their genomic distributions in common wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） in the available published reports.We then carried out a meta-QTL （MQTL） analysis to identify the major and consistent QTLs for these traits.In total,55 MQTLs were identified,of which 12 significant MQTLs were located on wheat chromosomes 1A,1B,2A,2D,3B,4A,4B,4D and 5A.Our study showed that the genetic control of yield and its components in common wheat involved the important genes such as Rht and Vrn.Furthermore,several significant MQTLs were found in the chromosomal regions corresponding to several rice genomic locations containing important QTLs for yield related traits.Our results demonstrate that meta-QTL analysis is a powerful tool for confirming the major and stable QTLs and refining their chromosomal positions in common wheat,which may be useful for improving the MAS efficiency of yield related traits.

Web Resources for Mass Spectrometry-based Proteomics

With the development of high-resolution and high-throughput mass spectrometry（MS）technology, a large quantum of proteomic data is continually being generated. Collecting and sharing these data are a challenge that requires immense and sustained human effort. In this report, we provide a classification of important web resources for MS-based proteomics and present rating of these web resources, based on whether raw data are stored, whether data submission is supported,and whether data analysis pipelines are provided. These web resources are important for biologists involved in proteomics research.

Redox-dependent regulation of end-binding protein 1 activity by glutathionylation

Cytoskeletal proteins are susceptible to glutathionylation under oxidizing conditions,and oxidative damage has been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases.End-binding protein 1(EB1)is a master regulator of microtubule plus-end tracking proteins(+TIPs)and is critically involved in the control of microtubule dynamics and cellular processes.However,the impact of glutathionylation on EB1 functions remains unknown.Here we reveal that glutathionylation is important for controlling EB1 activity and protecting EB1 from irreversible oxidation.In vitro biochemical and cellular assays reveal that EB1 is glutathionylated.Diamide,a mild oxidizing reagent,reduces EB1 comet number and length in cells,indicating the impairment of microtubule dynamics.Three cysteine residues of EB1 are glutathionylated,with mutations of these three cysteines to serines attenuating microtubule dynamics but buffering diamide-induced decrease in microtubule dynamics.In addition,glutaredoxin 1(Grx1)deglutathionylates EB1,and Grx1 depletion suppresses microtubule dynamics and leads to defects in cell division orientation and cell migration,suggesting a critical role of Grx1-mediated deglutathionylation in maintaining EB1 activity.Collectively,these data reveal that EB1 glutathionylation is an important protective mechanism for the regulation of microtubule dynamics and microtubule-based cellular activities.