Generalized uncertainty principle from long-range kernel effects:The case of the Hawking black hole temperature

We prove the existence of an analogy between spatial long-range interactions,which are of the convolution-type introduced in non-relativistic quantum mechanics,and the generalized uncertainty principle predicted from quantum gravity theories.As an illustration,black hole temperature effects are discussed.It is observed that for specific choices of the moment's kernels,cold black holes may emerge in the theory.

Decomposition of labile and recalcitrant coniferous litter fractions affected by temperature during the growing season

Temperate coniferous forest soils are considered important sinks of soil organic carbon(C).Fresh C inputs may,however,affect soil microbial activity,leading to increased organic matter decomposition and carbon dioxide production.Litter consists of labile and recalcitrant fractions which are thought to be utilized by distinct microbial communities and at different rates during the growing season.In this study,we incubated the whole litter(LC+RC),the labile(LC)and the recalcitrant(RC)fractions with the coniferous soil at two temperatures representing spring/autumn(10℃)and summer(20℃)for one month.Soil respiration and microbial community composition were regularly determined using phospholipid fatty acids as biomarkers.The LC fraction greatly increased soil respiration at the beginning of the incubation period but this effect was rather short-term.The effect of the RC fraction persisted longer and,together with the LC+RC fraction,respiration increased during the whole incubation period.Decomposition of the RC fraction was more strongly affected by higher temperatures than decomposition of the more labile fractions(LC and LC+RC).However,when we consider the relative increase in soil respiration compared to the dH2 O treatment,respiration increased more at a lower temperature,suggesting that available C is more important for microbial metabolism at lower temperatures.Although C was added only once in our study,no changes in microbial community composition were detected,possibly because the microbial community is adapted to relatively low amounts of additional C such as the amounts naturally found in litter.

土壤动物肠道微生物多样性研究进展

随着分子生物学技术方法的快速发展,动物肠道微生物已成为医学、动物生理学与微生物生态学等研究领域热点。土壤动物种类繁多,分布广泛,其作为陆地生态系统重要组分,是驱动生态系统功能的关键因子。土壤动物体内的微生物由于与宿主长期共存,在与宿主协同进化中形成了丰富多样的群落结构,能够影响土壤动物本身的健康,进而介导土壤动物生态功能的实现。近些年,土壤动物肠道微生物工作方兴未艾,日渐得到重视。总结了四个部分内容:1)首先总结了土壤动物肠道微生物多样性领域的研究现状,该领域年发文量逐年增长,且近十年增长快速。土壤模式生物肠道微生物多样性研究较多且更为深入。土壤动物肠道微生物多样性组成与驱动机制、共存机制及群落构建的理论研究是该领域前沿;2)进而展示了土壤动物肠道微生物多样性组成和研究方法,土壤动物肠道菌群组成以变形菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门为主。早期工作基于传统分离培养,近年来新一代测序技术推动了该领域发展;3)接着关注了土壤动物肠道微生物的生态学功能,总体上体现在肠道微生物能帮助宿主分解食物基质、参与营养利用、影响寿命和繁殖及提高宿主免疫能力,且其能够影响土壤动物的气体排放及介导其对生态系统的元素转化循环;4)最后重点阐述了影响土壤动物肠道微生物的主要因素(包含宿主和环境因素),土壤动物肠道微生物群落与宿主肠道形态、系统发生、食性、发育阶段及栖息生境和环境污染物息息相关。研究可增加人们对土壤动物肠道微生物的组成和多样性的认识,并帮助深入思考肠道微生物及其同宿主互作机制对土壤生物多样性及生态系统功能的影响。