Experimental Study of Microalgae Cultivation under Selective Illumination by Ag/CoSO_(4)for Bioelectrode Materials Preparation

Microalgae biomass is an ideal precursor to prepare renewable carbon materials,which has broad application.The bioaccumulation efficiency(lipids,proteins,carbohydrates)and biomass productivity of microalgae are influenced by spectroscopy during the culture process.In this study,a bilayer plate-type photobioreactor was designed to cultivate Chlorella protothecoides with spectral selectivity by nanofluids.Compared to culture without spectral selectivity,the spectral selectivity of Ag/CoSO_(4)nanofluids increased microalgae biomass by 5.76%,and the spectral selectivity of CoSO_(4)solution increased by 17.14%.In addition,the spectral selectivity of Ag/CoSO_(4)nanofluids was more conducive to the accumulation of nutrients(29.46%lipids,50.66%proteins,and 17.86%carbohydrates)in microalgae.Further cultured chlorella was utilized to prepare bioelectrode materials,it was found that algal based biochar had a good pore structure(micro specific surface area:1627.5314 m^(2)/g,average pore size:0.21294 nm).As the current density was 1 A/g,the specific capacitance reached 230 F/g,appearing good electrochemical performance.

燃料理论空燃比与高位热值之间的关系

当量比是决定燃料气化性能好坏的一个重要综合参数 ,而确定当量比的关键是能够知道燃料的理论空燃比 .论文研究发现 ,燃料理论空燃比与高位热值一样 ,都是燃料的特性参数 ,且二者之间呈近似线性关系 ,根据这一简单关系式 ,仅凭燃料的高位热值即可方便求得其理论空燃比 .以 2 8种不同燃料进行的计算表明 。

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Soybean Oil with CaO/Bio-Char Based Catalyst to Produce High Quality Biofuel

In this paper,CaO/bio-char was synthesized by directly co-pyrolysis of Ca(OH)_(2) and rice straw,and used as catalyst to catalytic pyrolysis of soybean oil to produce high quality biofuel.In this co-pyrolysis process,CaO particles has been successfully embedded on the bio-char surface.During the catalytic pyrolysis process,CaO/biochar showed a good catalytic performance on the deoxygenation of soybean oil.Pyrolysis temperature affected the pyrolysis reactions and pyrolytic products distributions dramatically,higher pyrolysis temperature lead to seriously cracking reactions,lower bio-oil yield and higher gases yield,and lower pyrolysis temperature lead to higher bio-oil yield with higher oxygenated compounds content and lower hydrocarbons contents,the suitable pyrolysis temperature was around 650℃.Under the optimal conditions(650℃ with WHSV at 6.4 h^(−1) and carrier gas flow rate at 100 ml/min),the selectivity(%)of hydrocarbons in the bio-oil was more than 90%.CaO/bio-char catalyst still shows good catalytic deoxygenation activity after 4 cycles.1 g of CaO/bio-char catalyst can catalyze pyrolysis of 32 g of soybean oil to produce high-quality liquid fuel.Bio-char based catalyst has been proved to be a promising catalyst for catalytic conversion of triglyceride-based lipids into high quality liquid biofuel.

Biomonitoring the <i>Vitex gardneriana</i>Shauer (Lamiaceae) Toxic Effects to Shed Light on Bioactive Compounds against a Major Coconut Pest Mite

The coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae), is a major pest of coconut plantations (Cocos nucifera L.) worldwide. Here, we conducted a bioguided phytochemical approach using toxicity and repellency bioassays of nonpolar extract and its fractions of Vitex gardneriana Schauer (Lamiaceae) leaves to this pest. Nonpolar crude extract was fractionated by column chromatography using solvents with increased polarity and binary mixtures, resulting in five semipurified groups. The biomonitoring bioassay provided active fractions and led to the isolation and characterization of the bioactive compound squalene, a biosynthetic precursor of 20-hydroxyecdysone, which plays an important role in plant defense against arthropods. The LC50 of the crude extract of V. gardneriana for A. guerreronis was estimated to be 0.185 mg·mL-1 and LC80 = 4.123 mg·mL-1. Also, the extract was highly repellent to this pest for up to 24 h. The fractions of V. gardneriana, and also squalene, caused mortality to A. guerreronis. The potential of V. gardneriana fractions/squalene as biopesticides for controlling A. guerreronis in coconut plantations is discussed herein.

Biochar from sawmill residues:characterization and evaluation for its potential use in the horticultural growing media

Peat remains the primary constituent of horticultural growing media in professional use.However,use of peat in horticultural growing media results in greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity loss due to excavation of natural peatlands.Biochar is gaining attention as a sustainable alternative to peat use in horticulture.This study examined the potential of biochar produced from a particular type of sawmill residue,as a partial replacement for peat in horticultural growing media.Five treatments including peat only,biochar only,biochar and peat in 1:1,1:3,and 3:1(V/V)ratios were assessed.The addition of biochar into growing media increased the pH and EC of the medium.However,physical properties(air-filled porosity and water holding capacity)were negatively affected with the increase in biochar content in the medium.According to the germination test results,biochar significantly improved germination and the shoot and root length of germinated seeds of cress,lettuce and tomato when compared to peat-only and biochar-only treatments.The inclusion of biochar in 25-50%volume ratio improved plant growth parameters compared to peat-only and biochar-only media.Results obtained from this study suggest that sawmill residue offers great potential as a feedstock for biochar production and inclusion of biochar has positive effects on seed germination and plant growth that might compete with modified peat.