整合素α6靶向自组装促凋亡纳米多肽对中枢神经系统急性淋巴细胞白血病的靶向治疗

There is currently no effective targeted therapeutic strategy for the treatment of central nervous system acute lymphoblastic leukemia(CNS-ALL).Integrinα6 is considered a potential target for CNS-ALL diagnosis and therapy because of its role in promoting CNS-ALL disease progression.The targeted peptide D(RWYD)(abbreviated RD),with nanomolar affinity to integrinα6 was identified by peptide scanning techniques such as alanine scanning,truncation,and D-substitution.Herein,we developed a therapeutic nanoparticle based on the integrinα6-targeted peptide for treating CNS-ALL.The self-assembled proapoptotic nanopeptide_(D)(RWYD)-_(D)(KLAKLAK)_(2)-G_(D)(FFY)(abbreviated RD-KLA-Gffy)contains the integrinα6-targeted peptide RD,the well-known proapoptotic peptide_(D)(KLAKLAK)_(2)(abbreviated KLA),and the self-assembling tetrapeptide GD(FFY)(abbreviated Gffy).The functional mechanism of RD-KLA-Gffy is clarified using different experiments.Our results demonstrate that RD-KLA-Gffy is highly enriched in CNS-ALL lesions and induces tumor cell apoptosis,thus reducing CNS-ALL disease burden and prolonging the survival of CNS-ALL mice without obvious toxicity.Moreover,the combined use of RD-KLA-Gffy and methotrexate(MTX)shows a potent antitumor effect in treating CNS-ALL,indicating that RD-KLA-Gffy plays an important role in suppressing CNS-ALL progression either as a single agent or in combination with MTX,which shows promise for application in CNS-ALL therapy.

Highly Elastic,Bioresorbable Polymeric Materials for Stretchable,Transient Electronic Systems

Substrates or encapsulants in soft and stretchable formats are key components for transient,bioresorbable electronic systems;however,elastomeric polymers with desired mechanical and biochemical properties are very limited compared to nontransient counterparts.Here,we introduce a bioresorbable elastomer,poly(glycolide-co-ε-caprolactone)(PGCL),that contains excellent material properties including high elongation-at-break(<1300%),resilience and toughness,and tunable dissolution behaviors.Exploitation of PGCLs as polymer matrices,in combination with conducing polymers,yields stretchable,conductive composites for degradable interconnects,sensors,and actuators,which can reliably function under external strains.Integration of device components with wireless modules demonstrates elastic,transient electronic suture system with on-demand drug delivery for rapid recovery of postsurgical wounds in soft,time-dynamic tissues.

Publisher Correction to:Highly Elastic,Bioresorbable Polymeric Materials for Stretchable,Transient Electronic Systems

Due to typesetting mistake,Hanul Min was missed to be denoted as a corresponding author in the article.The type-setter apologizes for this.The original article has been corrected.Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License,which permits use,sharing,adaptation,distribution and reproduction in any medium or format,as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s)and the source,provide a link to the Creative Commons licence,and indicate if changes were made.The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence,unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material.If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use,you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

Research and Application Progress of Silk Fibroin Membranes

This paper mainly introduced the preparation of silk fibroin membranes and their structural change characteristics.Silk fibroin membranes can be used as tissue engineering materials,enzyme-immobilizing membranes,biosensors and drug controlled-release membranes and other different materials.They have excellent characteristics such as non-toxic,non-polluting and degradable,and thus have broad application prospects.

Corrosion characteristics of single-phase Mg-3Zn alloy thin film for biodegradable electronics

Biodegradable metals as electrodes, interconnectors, and device conductors are essential components in the emergence of transient electronics, either for passive implants or active electronic devices, especially in the fields of biomedical electronics. Magnesium and its alloys are strong candidates for biodegradable and implantable conducting materials because of their high conductivity and biocompatibility, in addition to their well-understood dissolution behavior. One critical drawback of Mg and its alloys is their considerably high dissolution rates originating from their low anodic potential, which disturbs the compatibility to biomedical applications. Herein, we introduce a single-phase thin film of a Mg-Zn binary alloy formed by sputtering, which enhances the corrosion resistance of the device electrode, and verify its applicability in biodegradable electronics. The formation of a homogeneous solid solution of single-phase Mg-3Zn was confirmed through X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the dissolution behavior and chemistry was also investigated in various biological fluids by considering the effect of different ion species. Micro-tensile tests showed that the Mg-3Zn alloy electrode exhibited an enhanced yield strain and elongation in relation to a pure Mg electrode. Cell viability test revealed the high biocompatibility rate of the Mg-3Zn binary alloy thin film. Finally, the fabrication of a wireless heater demonstrated the integrability of biodegradable electrodes and highlighted the ability to prolong the lifecycle of thermotherapy-relevant electronics by enhancing the dissolution resistance of the Mg alloy.

Characterization of bioactive ceramic coatings prepared on titanium implants by micro-arc oxidation

Micro-arc oxidation （MAO） is an enhanced chemical technology in an electrolyte medium to obtain coating structures on valve-metal surfaces. Titanium oxide films obtained by MAO in the sodium phosphate electrolyte were investigated. The films were composed mainly of TiO2 phases in the form of anatase and mille and enriched with Na and P elements at the surface. Their apafite-inducing ability was evaluated in a simulated body fluid （SBF）. When immersing in SBF for over 30 d, a preferential carbonated-hydroxyapatite was formed on the surfaces of the films, which suggests that the MAO-treated titanium has a promising positive biological response.

Iliac vein compression syndrome: Clinical, imaging and pathologic findings

May-Thurner syndrome(MTS) is the pathologic compression of the left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery, resulting in left lower extremity pain, swelling, and deep venous thrombosis. Though this syndrome was first described in 1851, there are currently no standardized criteria to establish the diagnosis of MTS. Since MTS is treated by a wide array of specialties, including interventional radiology, vascular surgery, cardiology, and vascular medicine, the need for an established diagnostic criterion is imperative in order to reduce misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. Although MTS has historically been diagnosed by the presence of pathologic features, the use of dynamic imaging techniques has led to a more radiologic based diagnosis. Thus, imaging plays an integral part in screening patients for MTS, and the utility of a wide array of imaging modalities has been evaluated. Here, we summarize the historical aspects of the clinical features of this syndrome. We then provide a comprehensive assessment of the literature on the efficacy of imaging tools available to diagnose MTS. Lastly, we provide clinical pearls and recommendations to aid physicians in diagnosing the syndrome through the use of provocative measures.

Emamectin benzoate 9.7%SL as a new formulation for a trunkinjections against pine wood nematode,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

In this study,we investigated the preventive effects of emamectin benzoate 9.7%SL,which was newly developed to reduce the injection volume and number of injection holes required to protect against pine wood nematode.None of the Pinus thunbergii trees injected with emamectin benzoate 9.7%SL at 0.3 mL/cm diameter at breast height(DBH)died within 2 years of inoculation with pine wood nematodes.Emamectin benzoate 9.7%SL injected at 0.6 mL/cm DBH resulted in no tree mortality for 3 years.Mean residue of emamectin benzoate 9.7%SL in pine twigs injected with 0.3 mL/cm DBH was 0.490μg/g at 1 year after injection and 0.303μg/g after 2 years.These residues values are greater than 0.031μg/g,previously determined IC95 value for emamectin benzoate against the pine wood nematode.Our field experiment and residue analysis showed that emamectin benzoate 9.7%SL could be a substitute agent for emamectin benzoate 2.15%EC,which is widely used to prevent pine wood nematode in the field and that injection volume and number of injection holes can be greatly educed using this new formulation,which will reduce injury to the cambium,interruption of water movement,and infection of inoculation wounds by wood-decay or blue stain fungi.

Osteopontin is a biomarker for early autoimmune uveoretinitis

Osteopontin(OPN)is an extracellular matrix protein with a diverse range of functions,including roles in cell adhesion,migration,and immunomodulation,which are associated with the modulation of neuroinflammation in the central nervous system.The present study was performed to evaluate the involvement of OPN in the eyes of an experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis(EAU)model.The EAU model was developed by immunization of Lewis rats with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein.The results showed the OPN level was remarkably upregulated in the eye of EAU rats on day 9 post-immunization.The level of CD44,a ligand of OPN,was increased in the ciliary body of EAU rats.Furthermore,OPN was also detected in the ciliary body and activated microglia/macrophages in the EAU retina.The results suggest that OPN was significantly upregulated in the eyes of EAU rats,and that it may be useful as an early biomarker of ocular autoimmune diseases.All animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Jeju National University(approval No.2020-0012)on March 11,2020.

Supported ionic liquid phase-boosted highly active and durable electrocatalysts towards hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic electrolyte

Platinum is generally known as the most effective electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction because it can greatly lower the overpotential and accelerate the reaction kinetics,while its commercial potential always suffers from scarcity,high cost,low utilization,and poor durability particularly in acidic electrolytes.We herein demonstrate a facile method to improve the hydrogen evolution performance of Pt-based electrocatalysts by simply decorating the-state-of-the-art and commercially available Pt/C with hydrophobic protic([DBU][NTf2])or aprotic([BMIm][NTf2])ionic liquid.The current densities of[BMIm]@Pt/C and[DBU-H]@Pt/C with 10% ionic liquid at an overpotential of 40 mV are 2.81 and 4.15 times,respectively,higher than that of the pristine Pt/C.More importantly,ionic liquid-decoration significantly improves the long-term stability of Pt nanoparticles.After 8 h of chronoamperometric measurements,[DBU-H]@Pt/C and[BMIm]@Pt/C can still retain 83.7% and 78.3% of their original activity,respectively,which is much higher than that of the pristine Pt/C(24.4%).The improved performance of Pt/C decorated with ionic liquid is considered to arise from the improved proton conductivity(particularly for protic ionic liquid)and hydrophobic microenvironment created by the supported ionic liquid phase.The presence of ionic liquid layer not only de-coordinates H+from hydronium ions nearby the Pt nanoparticles,but it also protects Pt nanoparticles from dissolution in the acidic media.

Protective effects of Rad23 protein on ultraviolet damage to HeLa cells

Protein Rad23, a nucleotide excision repair factor, mainly involves in repairing the DNA damage from environment, such as UV light. The function of Rad23 protein involved in DNA damage repair from many environmental factors has been studied extensively, but it is not clear from ultraviolet irradiation. To further investigate the photo-protective function of Rad23 protein on HeLa cells damaged from UV light irradiation, firstly, HeLa cells were irradiated by UV light and incubated with the fusion protein of pCold-Rad23, then the cell viability and apoptosis rate were detected by MTT and Hoechst33342/Pl fluorescent staining, respectively. The results show that the recombinant Rad23 protein can protect the HeLa cells from UV irradiation, and inhibit the apoptosis of HeLa cell by UV irradiation.

Synthesis of Amphiphilic Starch Derivatives Using One-pot Synthesis Procedure

Amphiphilic starch derivatives with high content of functional groups were prepared from potato starch using a one-pot synthesis method with a single reaction medium for the entire procedure. Potato starch was benzylated, followed by the introduction of hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium(HPMA) moieties without the purification of intermediates. The synthesis was performed under heterogeneous conditions, leading to the formation of benzyl 2-hydroxypropyltri methylammonium starch chloride(BnHPMAS) with a total degree of substitution(DS) of up to 1.4. This process improved the efficiency of the preparation of amphiphilic starch derivatives and reduced the time and resources consumed by avoiding a separation process and purification of the intermediate compounds.The DS of BnHPMAS was in the range of 0.36 to 1.4, which could be tuned by varying the molar ratio of the reagents to repeating unit or by changing the reaction temperature, time, and medium. The structure of the amphiphilic starches was characterized using elemental analysis, size exclusion chromatography,fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectroscopy. Moreover, the surface tension and turbidity of the solutions of the products were measured for their potential application in the removal of dissolved and colloidal substances in paper cycling water.

Aqueous extract of freeze-dried Protaetia brevitarsis larvae promotes osteogenesis by activating β-catenin signaling

Objective:To investigate the effect of an aqueous extract of Protaetia brevitarsis(AEPB)on osteogenesis using preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells and zebrafish larvae.Methods:Flow cytometric analysis was used to measure the cytotoxicy.Alkaline phosphatase activity was detetmined using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as a substrate.Calcium deposition was detected using alizarin red staining along with osteogenic marker expression in preosteoblast MC3T3E1 cells.In addition,vertebral formation in zebrafish larvae was detected using calcein staining and osteogenic gene expression.Results:AEPB highly promoted the expression of osteogenic markers including runt-related transcription factor 2,osterix,and alkaline phosphatase,along with elevated levels of mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells.Moreover,AEPB accelerated vertebral formation in zebrafish larvae accompanied by upregulated expression of osteogenic genes.FH535,an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin,suppressed AEPB-induced osteogenic gene expression and vertebral formation,indicating that AEPB stimulates osteogenesis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.Conclusions:AEPB stimulates osteoblast differentiation and bone formation by activatingβ-catenin.Therefore,AEPB is a promising material that induces osteogenesis,and is useful for the treatment of bone resorption diseases.

Nanoengineered Shear-Thinning Hydrogel Barrier for Preventing Postoperative Abdominal Adhesions

More than 90%of surgical patients develop postoper-ative adhesions,and the incidence of hospital re-admissions can be as high as 20%.Current adhesion barriers present limited efficacy due to difficulties in application and incompatibility with minimally invasive interventions.To solve thisclinical limitation,we developed an injectable and sprayable shear-thinning hydrogel barrier(STHB)composed of silicate nanoplatelets and poly(ethylene oxide).We optimized this technology to recover mechanical integrity after stress,enabling its delivery though inject-able and sprayable methods.We also demonstrated limited cell adhesion and cytotoxicity to STHB compositions in vitro.The STHB was then tested in a rodent model of peritoneal injury to determine its e cacy preventing the formation of postoperative adhesions.After two weeks,the peritoneal adhesion index was used as a scoring method to determine the formation of postoperative adhesions,and STHB formulations presented superior e cacy compared to a commercially available adhesion barrier.Histological and immunohistochemical examination showed reduced adhesion formation and minimal immune infiltration in STHB formulations.Our technology demonstrated increased e cacy,ease of use in complex anatomies,and compatibility with di erent delivery methods,providing a robust universal platform to prevent postoperative adhesions in a wide range of surgical interventions.

Shaping ability of thermomechanically treated files in simulated S-shaped root canals

Aim: the aim of this study was to investigate the shaping ability of thermomechanically treated files manufactured by twisting(Twisted files)and compare it to conventional rotary system (K3, Sybron Endo, Orange, CA) in S-shaped canals, including formation of ledges, zipping, elbow, outer widening, danger zone, perforation and file deformation. Materials & Methods: Forty S-Shaped canals in resin blocks were randomly divided into 2 groups of 20 each. Pre-instrumentation images of the canals were taken via a digital camera and superimposed on images taken after preparation with TF and K3 systems to apical size of 25/06 and 30/06. Canal aberrations were measured from the superimposed image at five levels using AutoCAD system. Fisher exact test and Mann Whitney test were used for analysis of the data. Results: the incidence of zipping, elbow and apical transportation was significantly lower in the TF group (P = 0.04). Generally the incidence of aberration increased when the apical size increased to 30/0.06 regardless of the file system. Significant file deformation was evident in the TF after single use (P ? 0.001). Conclusion: Under the conditions of this study, TF manufactured by new technique performed better than K3 systems when used up to size 25/06 in simulated S-shaped canals. Clinical significance: The flexibility of thermomechanically treated files is beneficial in canals with multiple curvatures;however, attention should be paid to the instrument taper and final apical size of the preparation.

Technical Methods for Recovering Sericin from Degumming Wastewater

Silk sericin is a natural polymer,which is often discarded as waste in silk reeling production.Sericin protein increases the COD value of degumming wastewater and increases the difficulty of sewage treatment.The recovery and utilization of sericin protein can minimize environmental problems,and has high scientific and commercial value.This paper introduced and analyzed current technical methods of recycling sericin from silk degumming wastewater,providing a reference for the utilization of recovered sericin.

Bioinspired nanofluidic iontronics for brain-like computing

The human brain performs computations via a highly interconnected network of neurons.Taking inspiration from the information delivery and processing mechanism of the human brain in central nervous systems,bioinspired nanofluidic iontronics has been proposed and gradually engineered to overcome the limitations of the conventional electron-based von Neumann architecture,which shows the promising potential to enable efficient brain-like computing.Anomalous and tunable nanofluidic ion transport behaviors and spatial confinement show promising controllability of charge carriers,and a wide range of structural and chemical modification paves new ways for realizing brain-like functions.Herein,a comprehensive framework of mechanisms and design strategy is summarized to enable the rational design of nanofluidic systems and facilitate the further development of bioinspired nanofluidic iontronics.This review provides recent advances and prospects of the bioinspired nanofluidic iontronics,including ion-based brain computing,comprehension of intrinsic mechanisms,design of artificial nanochannels,and the latest artificial neuromorphic functions devices.Furthermore,the challenges and opportunities of bioinspired nanofluidic iontronics in the pioneering and interdisciplinary research fields are proposed,including brain–computer interfaces and artificial neurons.

Inhibiting scar formation via wearable multilayer stacked electret patch:Self-creation of persistent and customizable DC electric field for fibrogenic activity restriction

Electrical stimulation has recently received attention as noninvasive treatment in skin wound healing with its outstanding biological property for clinical setting.However,the complexity of equipment for applying appropriate electrical stimulation remains an ongoing challenge.Here,we proposed a strategy for skin scar inhibition by providing electrical stimulation via a multilayer stacked electret(MS-electret),which can generate direct current(DC)electric field(EF)without any power supply equipment.In addition,the MS-electret can easily control the intensity of EFs by simply stacking electret layers and maintain stable EF with the surface potential of 3400 V over 5 days owing to the injected charges on the electret surface.We confirmed inhibition of type 1 collagen andα-SMA expression of human dermal fibroblasts(hDFs)by 90%and 44%in vitro,indicating that the transition of hDFs to myofibroblasts was restricted by applying stable electrical stimulation.We further revealed a 20%significant decrease in the ratio of myofibroblasts caused by the MS-electret in vivo.These findings present that the MS-electret is an outstanding candidate for effective skin scar inhibition with a battery-free,physiological electrical microenvironment,and noninvasive treatment that allows it to prevent external infection.

Role of marine natural products in the development of antiviral agents against SARS‑CoV‑2:potential and prospects

A novel coronavirus,known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has surfaced and caused global concern owing to its ferocity.SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019;however,it was only discovered at the end of the year and was considered a pandemic by the World Health Organization.Therefore,the develop-ment of novel potent inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 and future outbreaks is urgently required.Numerous naturally occurring bioactive substances have been studied in the clinical setting for diverse disorders.The intricate infection and replication mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 offers diverse therapeutic drug targets for developing antiviral medicines by employing natural products that are safer than synthetic compounds.Marine natural products(MNPs)have received increased attention in the development of novel drugs owing to their high diversity and availability.Therefore,this review article investigates the infection and replication mechanisms,including the function of the SARS-CoV-2 genome and structure.Furthermore,we highlighted anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic intervention efforts utilizing MNPs and predicted SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor design.

Cardiac-Adaptive Conductive Hydrogel Patch Enabling Construction of Mechanical–Electrical Anisotropic Microenvironment for Heart Repair

The biomimetic construction of a microstructural–mechanical–electrical anisotropic microenvironment adaptive to the native cardiac tissue is essential to repair myocardial infarction(MI).Inspired by the 3D anisotropic characteristic of the natural fish swim bladder(FSB),a novel flexible,anisotropic,and conductive hydrogel was developed for tissue-specific adaptation to the anisotropic structural,conductive,and mechanical features of the native cardiac extracellular matrix.The results revealed that the originally stiff,homogeneous FSB film was tailored to a highly flexible anisotropic hydrogel,enabling its potential as a functional engineered cardiac patch(ECP).In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated the enhanced electrophysiological activity,maturation,elongation,and orientation of cardiomyocytes(CMs),and marked MI repair performance with reduced CM apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis,thereby promoting cell retention,myogenesis,and vascularization,as well as improving electrical integration.Our findings offer a potential strategy for functional ECP and provides a novel strategy to bionically simulate the complex cardiac repair environment.