We need to talk about red blood cells.Eukaryotic cells are defined as cells containing distinct nuclei and other membranous organelles.However,red blood cells(RBCs)lack a nucleus and organelles—perhaps to limit the g...We need to talk about red blood cells.Eukaryotic cells are defined as cells containing distinct nuclei and other membranous organelles.However,red blood cells(RBCs)lack a nucleus and organelles—perhaps to limit the generation of reactive oxygen species(Zhang et al.,2011)—and are filled with hemoglobin(Hb).This oxygen carrier is limited to the cytosol by the cell membrane and cytoskeleton,which maintain cellular integrity and deformability as RBCs pass through narrow capillaries(Gratzer,1994)to perform their primary function of gas exchange.展开更多
Apple(Malus domestica Borkh)is an important fruit crop cultivated in a broad range of environmental conditions.Apple fruit ripening is a physiological process,whose molecular regulatory network response to different e...Apple(Malus domestica Borkh)is an important fruit crop cultivated in a broad range of environmental conditions.Apple fruit ripening is a physiological process,whose molecular regulatory network response to different environments is still not sufficiently investigated and this is particularly true of the peel tissue.In this study,the influence of environmental conditions associated with low(20 m)and high(750 m)altitude on peel tissue ripening was assessed by physiological measurements combined with metabolomic and proteomic analyses during apple fruit development and ripening.Although apple fruit ripening was itself not affected by the different environmental conditions,several key color parameters,such as redness and color index,were notably induced by high altitude.Consistent with this observation,increased levels of anthocyanin and other phenolic compounds,including cyanidin-3-O-galactoside,quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside,quercetin-3-O-rutinoside,and chlorogenic acid were identified in the peel of apple grown at high altitude.Moreover,the high-altitude environment was characterized by elevated abundance of various carbohydrates(e.g.,arabinose,xylose,and sucrose)but decreased levels of glutamic acid and several related proteins,such as glycine hydroxymethyltransferase and glutamate–glyoxylate aminotransferase.Other processes affected by high altitude were the TCA cycle,the synthesis of oxidative/defense enzymes,and the accumulation of photosynthetic proteins.From the obtained data we were able to construct a metabolite-protein network depicting the impact of altitude on peel ripening.The combined analyses presented here provide new insights into physiological processes linking apple peel ripening with the prevailing environmental conditions.展开更多
基金A.T.A.was supported by an EHA Research Grant award granted by the European Hematology Association(RG202212-03039)A.D.was supported by funds by the National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute(R21HL150032,R01HL146442,R01HL149714,R01HL161004).S.L.SA.D.were supported by the National Institutes of Health(NIH R01-HL148151).
文摘We need to talk about red blood cells.Eukaryotic cells are defined as cells containing distinct nuclei and other membranous organelles.However,red blood cells(RBCs)lack a nucleus and organelles—perhaps to limit the generation of reactive oxygen species(Zhang et al.,2011)—and are filled with hemoglobin(Hb).This oxygen carrier is limited to the cytosol by the cell membrane and cytoskeleton,which maintain cellular integrity and deformability as RBCs pass through narrow capillaries(Gratzer,1994)to perform their primary function of gas exchange.
基金supported by the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation(H.F.R.I.)under the“First Call for H.F.R.I.Research Projects to support Faculty members and Researchers and the procurement of high-cost research equipment grant”(Project Number:633).
文摘Apple(Malus domestica Borkh)is an important fruit crop cultivated in a broad range of environmental conditions.Apple fruit ripening is a physiological process,whose molecular regulatory network response to different environments is still not sufficiently investigated and this is particularly true of the peel tissue.In this study,the influence of environmental conditions associated with low(20 m)and high(750 m)altitude on peel tissue ripening was assessed by physiological measurements combined with metabolomic and proteomic analyses during apple fruit development and ripening.Although apple fruit ripening was itself not affected by the different environmental conditions,several key color parameters,such as redness and color index,were notably induced by high altitude.Consistent with this observation,increased levels of anthocyanin and other phenolic compounds,including cyanidin-3-O-galactoside,quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside,quercetin-3-O-rutinoside,and chlorogenic acid were identified in the peel of apple grown at high altitude.Moreover,the high-altitude environment was characterized by elevated abundance of various carbohydrates(e.g.,arabinose,xylose,and sucrose)but decreased levels of glutamic acid and several related proteins,such as glycine hydroxymethyltransferase and glutamate–glyoxylate aminotransferase.Other processes affected by high altitude were the TCA cycle,the synthesis of oxidative/defense enzymes,and the accumulation of photosynthetic proteins.From the obtained data we were able to construct a metabolite-protein network depicting the impact of altitude on peel ripening.The combined analyses presented here provide new insights into physiological processes linking apple peel ripening with the prevailing environmental conditions.