Combining prognostic value of serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and tumor size reduction ratio in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is a common cancer with increasing morbidity and mortality due to changes of social environment.AIM To evaluate the significance of serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)and tumor size changes pre-and post-neoadjuvant therapy(NAT).METHODS This retrospective study was conducted at the Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment,Chongqing University Cancer Hospital.This study specifically assessed CA19-9 levels and tumor size before and after NAT.RESULTS A total of 156 patients who completed NAT and subsequently underwent tumor resection were included in this study.The average age was 65.4±10.6 years and 72(46.2%)patients were female.Before survival analysis,we defined the post-NAT serum CA19-9 level/pre-NAT serum CA19-9 level as the CA19-9 ratio(CR).The patients were divided into three groups:CR<0.5,CR>0.5 and<1 and CR>1.With regard to tumor size measured by both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging,we defined the post-NAT tumor size/pre-NAT tumor size as the tumor size ratio(TR).The patients were then divided into three groups:TR<0.5,TR>0.5 and<1 and TR>1.Based on these groups divided according to CR and TR,we performed both overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS)analyses.Log-rank tests showed that both OS and DFS were significantly different among the groups according to CR and TR(P<0.05).CR and TR after NAT were associated with increased odds of achieving a complete or near-complete pathologic response.Moreover,CR(hazard ratio:1.721,95%CI:1.373-3.762;P=0.006),and TR(hazard ratio:1.435,95%CI:1.275-4.363;P=0.014)were identified as independent factors associated with OS.CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that post-NAT serum CA19-9 level/pre-NAT serum CA19-9 level and post-NAT tumor size/pre-NAT tumor size were independent factors associated with OS in patients with PDAC who received NAT and subsequent surgical resection.

Introduction of the research and development items of detoxification psychological dependence medicine

In order to let drug addicts withdraw their toxic ma-nia, the work of drug prohibiting must be launched extensively to construct a quiet environment, so we put forward a systematic engineering imagine, which includes a comprehensive administration of medical psychology and society. Now we put forward the following report to explore the direction of the World Health Organization (WHO).

Transcriptome analysis suggests mechanisms for a novel flowering type: Cleistogamous wheat

Wheat is one of the most important staple crops worldwide.Fusarium head blight severely reduces wheat yield and quality.Cultivation of a novel type of cleistogamous wheat mutant,ZK001,which was created by static magnetic field treatment,is a new strategy for controlling Fusarium head blight.However,little is known about the mechanism of cleistogamy in wheat.The present study demonstrated that anthers of ZK001 were retained on the glumes at all flowering stages,whereas those of YM18 were extruded from the paleae and lemmae.There was a clear difference in the morphological characteristics of lodicules between YM18 and ZK001.Lodicule calcium and potassium contents were significantly higher in YM18 than in ZK001 from white to yellow anther stages.In Fusarium head blight resistance,the diseased kernel rate and deoxynivalenol content of ZK001 were markedly lower than those of YM18 and QM725.Comparative transcriptome analysis of YM18 and ZK001 was performed to identify regulatory mechanisms of cleistogamy.The main differentially expressed genes identified in the spikelets of YM18 and ZK001 at the green anther stage were associated with cell walls,carbohydrates,phytohormones,water channel,and ion binding,transport,and homeostasis.These differentially expressed genes may play an important role in regulating cellular homeostasis,osmotic pressure,and lodicule development.The results indicate that ZK001 lost the ability to push the lemmae and paleae apart during the flowering stage because of the thin lodicules.ZK001 was speculated to provide structural barriers for Fusarium head blight during the flowering stage.The thin lodicule of ZK001 results from low levels of soluble sugar,calcium ions,and potassium ions in the lodicules.These levels are regulated by differentially expressed genes.

Phytohormones Accumulation and Distribution in Shoots and Roots of Haploid,Diploid and Tetraploid Barley Seedlings Derived from Microspore Culture

Phytohormones play important roles in plant growth and development,and polyploids are thought to be an important method for plant breeding.However,the relationship between ploidy and phytohormone is still unclear.In this study,barley at three ploidy levels were produced by microspore culture.Therefore,we further analyzed the phytohormone content in the shoots and roots of the three kinds of barley materials to study the effect of ploidy on phytohormones accumulation and distribution.The results showed that Abscisic acid(ABA),gibberellin(GA),jasmonic acid(JA),auxin(IAA),salicylic acid(SA)and cytokinin(CTK)were successfully determined in shoots and roots using LC-MS(liquid chromatography mass spectrometry).By comparing the shoots of the haploid and diploid plants,it was found that the distribution trend of the six phytohormones was consistent,and another consistent trend was found in the roots of the diploid and tetraploid plants.In addition,we further analyzed the shoot/root ratio of the different phytohormones to identify the potential differences for haploid,diploid and tetraploid.Here,the relationship between ploidy and phytohormone we provided would provide new insights into understanding the new phenotypes that occur in polyploid species.

Transcriptome Profiling of Barley Cultivar Hua 30 MDEC in Response to Agrobacterium Infection

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation has been widely used in plants.However,the mechanism in plant cells’response to Agrobacterium infection was very complex.The mechanism of the determinants in host cell remains obscure,especially in barley,which is recalcitrant for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.In the present study,microspore-derived embryogenic calli(MDEC)from barley elite cultivar were employed as unique subjects to characterize the mechanisms during the Agrobacterium infection process.Hua 30 MDEC can be successfully infected by Agrobacterium.RNA-sequencing at different infection points(0,2,6,12,24 hpi)was performed.The average expressional intensity of the whole genomics increased from 0 to 2 hpi,and then decreased subsequently.More upregulated than downregulated differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were counted at the same time.GO enrichment analysis showed that protein modification was significantly overrepresented in upregulated DEGs.Chromosome-related biological processes,gene expression and cellular metabolic processes were significantly overrepresented in downregulated DEGs.KEGG analysis showed that plant defense responses,phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and biosynthesis of amino acids were significantly enriched across the infection time course.Nine DEGs related to defense responses were identified.All DEGs were upregulated from 2 to 24 hpi.We speculate that these genes are possibly related to Agrobacterium infection.These findings will provide deep insights into the molecular events occurring during the process of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.

Numerical Analysis of Meat Quality Traits of Ningdu Yellow Rooster

In order to study the meat quality characteristics of Ningdu yellow rooster, the 7 indexes of 120 healthy Ningdu yellow roosters after slaughter at the age of 16 weeks were determined, and correlation analysis, regression analysis and principal component analysis were carried out among the indexes. The results showed that the variation coefficient of PH value was smaller than that of water drop rate and meat colorimetric, and the lactic acid produced by anaerobic glycolysis of glycogen in chicken meat was slower. Through correlation analysis, the 24-hour drip rate was strongly correlated with the 48-hour drip rate (coefficient ≥ 0.7, p ≤ 0.05), and the other indicators were independent of each other. By means of regression analysis, the regression equation (fitting degree R2 = 0.984) of 24- and 48-hour drip rate was established. Principal component analysis synthesized 7 indicators into 3 principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 70.13%, indicating that the meat quality of Ningdu Yellow chicken rooster is mainly selected by water drop rate, PH value and meat color test.

A chromosome-scale genome assembly of Dasypyrum villosum provides insights into its application as a broad-spectrum disease resistance resource for wheat improvement

Dasypyrum villosum is one of the most valuable gene resources in wheat improvement,especially for disease resistance.The mining of favorable genes from D.villosum is frustrated by the lack of a whole genome sequence.In this study,we generated a doubled-haploid line,91C43^(DH),using microspore culture and obtained a 4.05-GB high-quality,chromosome-scale genome assembly for D.villosum.The assembly contains39727 high-confidence genes,and 85.31% of the sequences are repetitive.Two reciprocal translocation events were detected,and 7VS-4VL is a unique translocation in D.villosum.The prolamin seed storage protein-coding genes were found to be duplicated;in particular,the genes encoding low-molecular-weight glutenin at the Glu-V3 locus were significantly expanded.RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)analysis indicated that,after Blumeria graminearum f.sp tritici(Bgt)inoculation,there were more upregulated genes involved in the pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity defense pathways in D.villosum than in Triticum urartu.MNase hypersensitive sequencing(MH-seq)identified two Bgt-inducible MH sites(MHSs),one in the promoter and one in the 3'terminal region of the powdery mildew resistance(Pm)gene NLR1-V.Each site had two subpeaks and they were termed MHS1(MHS1.1/1.2)and MHS2(MHS2.1/2.2).Bgt-inducible MHS2.2 was uniquely present in D.villosum,and MHS1.1 was more inducible in D.villosum than in wheat,suggesting that MHSs may be critical for regulation of NLR1-V expression and plant defense.In summary,this study provides a valuable genome resource for functional genomics studies and wheat-D.villosum introgression breeding.The identified regulatory mechanisms may also be exploited to develop new strategies for enhancing Pm resistance by optimizing gene expression in wheat.

Generating homozygous mutant populations of barley microspores by ethyl methanesulfonate treatment

Induced mutations are important for genetic research and breeding.Mutations induced by physical or chemical mutagenesis are usually heterozygous during the early generations.However,mutations must be fixed prior to phenotyping or field trials,which requires additional rounds of self-pollination.Microspore culture is an effective method to produce double-haploid(DH)plants that are fixed homozygotes.In this study,we conducted ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS)-induced mutagenesis of microspore cultures of barley(Hordeum vulgare)cultivar‘Hua30’and landrace‘HTX’.The EMS concentrations were negatively correlated with the efficiency of callus induction and the frequency of mutant plant regeneration.The two genotypes showed different regeneration efficiencies.The phenotypic variation of the regenerated M1 plants and the presence of genome-wide nucleotide mutations,revealed by whole-genome sequencing,highlight the utility of EMS-induced mutagenesis of isolated microspore cultures for developing DH mutants.Genome-wide analysis of the mutation frequency in the regenerated plants revealed that a considerable proportion of mutations resulted from microspore culture(somaclonal variation)rather than EMS-induced mutagenesis.In addition to producing a population of 1972 homozygous mutant lines that are available for future field trials,this study lays the foundation for optimizing the regeneration efficiency of DH plants and the richness of mutations(mainly by fine-tuning the mutagen dosage).

Assessing the product quality and biological activities of barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)grasses at different harvest times

Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)grasses(BG)have attracted considerable interest due to their multiple physiological activities and health benefits.In this paper,eight BG at four different growth stages were collected:seedling,tillering,stem elongation,and heading,and their product qualities and biological activities were examined and studied.Results demonstrated that harvest time obviously influenced proximate composition,surface color,and amino acid profile.Z21 and Z23 harvested at the seedling and early tillering stages,respectively,had higher total phenolic content(TPC)and total flavonoid content(TFC)than the other BG.Moreover,Z21 and Z23 possessed better DPPH radical-scavenging ability,antioxidant capacity,andα-glucosidase inhibitory activity,which were positively correlated with TPC,TFC,and protein and total amino acid contents.Our findings suggested that the early tillering stages were the preferable harvest times for BG with good product quality and biological properties.