Functions of Phytic Acid in Fabricating Metal-Free Carbocatalyst for Oxidative Coupling of Benzylamines

of main observation and conclusion Sustainable phytic acid and cellulose are selected as precursors to fabricate P-doped carbon material(C-P-500),which possesses the high surface area and exhibits excellent catalytic activity and stability in the oxidative coupling of benzylamines(conversion>95%,yield>95%).During the carbonization of cellulose in the muffle furnace,phytic acid can efficiently prevent the cellulose-derived carbon from combustion and create micro/meso porous structure because of its special function of fire retardation.Control experiments and characterizations demonstrate that P-containing groups anchoring on C-P-500 improve the catalytic performance of carbocatalyst in the oxidation of benzylamines to imines.The excellent catalytic activity of C-P-500 should be contributed collectively by carbonyl and P=0(0H)2 groups.Due to the sustainable property of precursors and simple methodology for fabricating P-doped carbocatalyst,along with the moderate reaction conditions,it is a green catalytic system for the oxidative coupling of benzylamines to imines.

Modeling of the turbulent burning velocity for planar and Bunsen flames over a wide range of conditions

We develop and assess a model of the turbulent burning velocity ST over a wide range of conditions.The aim is to obtain an explicit ST model for turbulent combustion modeling and flame analysis.The model consists of sub models of the stretch factor and the turbulent flame area.The stretch factor characterizes the flame response of turbulence stretch and incorporates detailed chemistry and transport effects with a lookup table of laminar counterflow flames.The flame area model captures the area growth based on Lagrangian statistics of propagating surfaces and considers the effects of turbulence length scales and fuel characteristics.The present model predicts sT via an algebraic expression without free parameters.We assess the model using 490 cases of the direct numerical simulation or experiment reported from various research groups on planar and Bunsen flames over a wide range of conditions,covering fuels from hydrogen to n-dodecane,pressures from 1 to 30 atm,lean and rich mixtures,turbulence intensity ratios from 0.1 to 177.6,and turbulence length ratios from 0.5 to 66.7.Despite the scattering sT data in the literature,the comprehensive comparison shows that the proposed ST model has an overall good agreement over the wide range of conditions,with the averaged modeling error of 28.1%.