New Standpoint of ALT Test for Blood Safety in Dongguan Blood Center

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the single ALT positive (ELSIA-HBV/HCV negative) and NAT-HBV/HCV on blood donor samples. Methods: 28710 samples were surveyed retrospectively from Dec. 2010 to Dec. 2011. ALT was detected by rate method, and the single ALT positive samples were detected by ELSIA-HBV/HCV and NAT-HBV/HCV. The relationship between the single ALT positive and NAT-HBV/HCV were analyzed. 21 samples, values in 40 U/L ≤ ALT ≤ 70 U/L, were selected at random from 2516 samples with single ALT positive, which were second detected by ELISA and NAT in the second donation. Results: 2516 (8.74%) single ALT positive samples (ELSIA-HBV/HCV negative) were found in 28710 donors. Among these samples, 8 (2.8/10000) positive were detected by NAT, including 5 HBV-DNA-positive and 3 HCV-RNA-positive. Obviously, positive rate of NAT from the donors whose ALT value ≤ 70 U/L were lower than those of ≥ 71 U/L (P < 0.01). 21 donors were investigated in the second donation in following 153 to 401 days, All samples were negative by ELISA-HBV/HCV and NAT-HBV/HCV. Conclusions: Donors with single ALT positive (value in 40 U/L-70 U/L) are not likely to become HBV/HCV virus carriers or HBV/HCV patients after half or one year. So it is to set ALT abandone threshlod to ≤ 70 U/L can ensure blood safety, and reduce blood abandone in our center.

Contribution to the Improvement of Transfusion Safety: Assessment of the Pre-Donation Hemoglobin Level at the Yamoussoukro Blood Transfusion Center in Cote d’Ivoire

Introduction: Despite the progress recorded at the level of transfusion safety in Côte d’Ivoire, much remains to be done, particularly at the level of the medical selection of blood donors. The objective of the study was to make an assessment of the pre-donation capillary hemoglobin dosage for the year 2020 of the fixed collection, of the Blood Transfusion Center of Yamoussoukro. Method: This is a retrospective study that took place at the Yamoussoukro Blood Transfusion Center. The data collection related to all old and new blood donors were deemed suitable for the fixed collection of the year 2020. The method chosen for the pre-donation control is that of the portable hemoglobinometer of the HémoCue® type, more precisely 201+. Results: Of the 1160 blood donors in the study, the pre-donation hemoglobin level was not measured in 787 (67.8%) subjects of either sex. Of the subjects who had a pre-donation hemoglobin level performed, 97 (26%) blood donors had a sub-standard hemoglobin level, including 15 females and 82 males. Conclusion: Pre-donation hemoglobin testing of blood donors is effective in Yamoussoukro. However, efforts must still be made to improve the quality of the blood collected and to protect blood donors.

Analysis of Factors Related to Vasovagal Response in Apheresis Blood Donors and the Establishment of Prediction Model Based on BP Neural Network Algorithm

Objective:To analyze the factors related to vessel vasovagal reaction(VVR)in apheresis donors,establish a mathematical model for predicting the correlation factors and occurrence risk,and use the prediction model to intervene in high-risk VVR blood donors,improve the blood donation experience,and retain blood donors.Methods:A total of 316 blood donors from the Xi'an Central Blood Bank from June to September 2022 were selected to statistically analyze VVR-related factors.A BP neural network prediction model is established with relevant factors as input and DRVR risk as output.Results:First-time blood donors had a high risk of VVR,female risk was high,and sex difference was significant(P value<0.05).The blood pressure before donation and intergroup differences were also significant(P value<0.05).After training,the established BP neural network model has a minimum RMS error of o.116,a correlation coefficient R=0.75,and a test model accuracy of 66.7%.Conclusion:First-time blood donors,women,and relatively low blood pressure are all high-risk groups for VVR.The BP neural network prediction model established in this paper has certain prediction accuracy and can be used as a means to evaluate the risk degree of clinical blood donors.

Management strategy of prevention and control of nosocomial infection of COVID-19 in blood purification center

There are many patients in the blood purification center who need maintenance hemodialysis to maintain life. Those patients generally havelow resistance and are easily exposed to coronavirus because they go back and forth the hospital and residence three times a week andclosely contact with family, caregivers, community personnel, people in various means of transportation, medical staff, and other patientsvisiting hospital. Therefore, the blood purification center has become a high‑risk environment for the spread of COVID-19 infection. In viewof this, our center quickly responded to the formulation and implementation of infection prevention and control measures suitable for thecharacteristics of the blood purification center and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) emergency plan for fever and suspectedpatients. According to these measures, we have a positive effect on preventing and controlling nosocomial infection in the blood purificationcenter.

Evaluation of Two Serological Screening Kits for Hepatitis C Virus Infection at the Regional Blood Transfusion Center of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Introduction: In Burkina Faso, screening for hepatitis C virus in blood donations is made using sensitive ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) type kits. However, no confirmation of the positive results obtained with these kits is made before their notification to the blood donors due to the high costs of the confirmation kits of immunoblots type. Objective: Evaluate two rapid kits against one immunoblot kit in order to determine the most efficiency which will be proposed as an alternative for the confirmation of ELISA tests in the socio-economic context of Burkina Faso. Material and Methods: The study was carried out using a panel of 72 sera, of which 22 were positive for anti-HCV antibodies and 50 were negative. The sera were tested using the Monolisa® HCV Ag-Ab ULTRA kit and confirmed with the DECISCAN HCV Plus kit. The panel was then tested with the SD BIOLINE HCV kit and the HCV TRI-DOT kit and the results obtained were evaluated against those of the DECISCAN HCV Plus kit used as “gold standard”. Results: Compared to the DECISCAN HCV Plus kit, the HCV TRI-DOT kit exhibited a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and the SD BIOLINE HCV kit a sensitivity of 86.36% and a specificity of 100%. Conclusion: Based on the results recorded by the HCV TRI-DOT kit, it would be best suited to the sero-epidemiological context of blood donors from the National Blood Transfusion Center and could be proposed as an alternative for confirmation of ELISA tests.

HBsAg ELISA+/HBV DNA NAT-献血者血清学与分子生物学特征分析

目的 了解西安地区无偿献血人群HBsAg ELISA检测结果与HBV DNA检测结果不一致的标本相关血清学标志物的分布情况。方法 收集2022年11月1日—2023年4月30日陕西省血液中心HBsAg ELISA+/HBV DNA NAT-(ELISA+/NAT-)标本共计71份,对其采用电化学发光法检测乙肝血清学标志物,同时复检巢式PCR扩增HBV S区和C区基因片段。结果 双ELISA+/NAT-标本(n=30)巢式PCR检测阳性率远高于单ELISA+/NAT-标本(n=41)(60%vs 24.40%,P<0.05)。前者献血者100%为初次献血者,血清抗-HBc阳性率100%,血清学模式以1、4、5此3项阳性(80%)为主;后者献血者中31.7%为重复献血者,血清抗-HBc阳性率仅为19.51%,血清学模式以单2项阳性(43.90%)和全阴(36.58%)为主。结论 单ELISA+结果存在较多假阳性,导致不必要的血液报废;而NAT-标本可能存在低水平的HBV DNA,产生漏检风险。建议针对单HBsAg ELISA+/NAT-献血者,采用多套系统多种方法追溯检测,提高献血者HBV筛查的准确度,减少不必要的血液浪费。

持续质量改进联合护理质量指标在减少动静脉内瘘穿刺损伤中的应用研究

目的 探讨持续质量改进及护理质量指标控制在降低动静脉内瘘穿刺损伤发生的护理实践中的作用。方法 以降低动静脉内瘘穿刺损伤作为质量控制目标,以2022年8、11月于北京大学人民医院血液透析室应用动静脉内瘘作为血管通路的患者为研究对象,8月质量改进前治疗的123例患者为对照组,11月质量改进后的125例患者为观察组,通过联合采用动静脉内瘘穿刺损伤发生率、各内瘘穿刺方法占比、血管超声使用率、患者穿刺满意度作为护理质量指标,每月汇总分析指标结果及发生原因,针对性进行护理质量管理与改进措施。结果 对照组患者共穿刺1 810例次,发生穿刺损伤10例次,动静脉内瘘穿刺损伤发生率为0.55%(10/1 810);观察组患者穿刺1 733例次,发生损伤3例次,动静脉内瘘穿刺损伤发生率为0.17%(3/1 733)。疑难血管通路穿刺损伤发生率下降(P=0.039),绳梯穿刺法占比上升至63%,血管超声使用率由4%(5/123)增加至100%(P<0.001),患者对穿刺满意度增加(P<0.001)。结论 联合应用血液透析专科护理质量指标,实施持续质量改进管理,可降低动静脉内瘘穿刺损伤发生率。

Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment for primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma:A single-center analysis

BACKGROUND Unlike the already established effect of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication on gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT)lymphoma,its therapeutic effect on primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)is still unclear.AIM To clarify the efficacy of H.pylori eradication treatment for primary gastric DLBCL.METHODS We reported on 3 new cases,and added them to 3 previously reported cases.We analyzed the usefulness of H.pylori eradication treatment for gastric DLBCL for a total of 6 cases at our center.RESULTS Of the 6 patients(27-90 years old,3 males and 3 females),all 3 patients with single lesions(one transformed from MALT lymphoma)achieved complete remission(CR)after H.pylori eradication.Regarding the 2 newly reported cases,CR was maintained for more than 6 years with eradication treatment alone.In contrast,none of the 3 patients with 2 lesions achieved CR.In 1 newly reported case,endoscopic CR was achieved in one lesion,while stable disease was obtained in the other lesion.Two patients with progressive disease responded to standard chemo therapy±radiation and remained in CR for more than 6 years.CONCLUSION We believe it is worthwhile to attempt H.pylori eradication for elderly patients with primary gastric DLBCL in a single lesion with a small tumor burden.

基于二代测序的HLA-Ⅱ类等位基因多态性研究及等位基因丢失防范策略

目的:研究二代测序技术(NGS)检测深圳地区随机健康无关汉族人群HLA-DRB1、DQB1、DQA1、DRB3、DRB4、DRB5、DPA1、DPB1等位基因多态性的精确性,探讨HLA-DRB1等位基因丢失的原因及室内关键质控体系建立策略。方法:采用Mi Seq DxTM NGS平台对1012例样本完成HLA-II类等位基因分型。对质控体系软件提示的疑难样本和HLA-DRB1纯合子样本采用PCR-SSOP法或PCR-SBT法进行确认。结果:检出HLA-DRB1、DRB3、DRB4、DRB5、DQA1、DQB1、DPA1、DPB1等位基因分别有45、7、5、7、17、21、10、27种。常见等位基因(频率>10%)有HLA-DRB1*09:01(17.09%)、15:01(10.72%);DRB3*02:02(25.99%)、03:01(10.18%);DRB4*01:03(36.46%);DRB5*01:01(15.42%);DQA1*01:02(20.01%)、03:02(17.19%);DQB1*03:01(19.47%)、03:03(17.98%)、05:02(11.66%)、06:01(10.67%);DPA1*02:02(54.45%)、01:03(31.18%);DPB1*05:01(39.13%)、02:01(16.90%)。HLA-DRB1和DQB1位点基因频率与中国常见及确认的HLA等位基因表(CWD2.4)进行统计学比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=12.68,P>0.05)。对NGS检出的94例HLA-DRB1纯合子样本采用PCR-SSOP法进行复检,检出HLA-DRB1位点漏检等位基因1例,通过SBT法确认为漏检DRB1*04:03等位基因,为此建立了本实验室室内质控体系。检出新等位基因2例,获WHO HLA系统因素命名委员会命名。结论:基于NGS-HLA分型方案的HLA分型结果,模棱两可结果比率更低。HLA-II类等位基因在深圳地区无关健康供者汉族人群中存在遗传多态性。在临床组织相容性试验中独立使用NGS方法存在局限性,需要内部质量控制策略来防范偶发的等位基因丢失事件。

Comparison of the conventional tube and erythrocyte-magnetized technology in titration of red blood cell alloantibodies

BACKGROUND Erythrocyte alloantibodies are mainly produced after immune stimulation,such as blood transfusion,pregnancy,and transplantation,and are the leading causes of severe hemolytic transfusion reactions and difficulty in blood grouping and matching.Therefore,antibody screening is critical to prevent and improve red cell alloantibodies.Routine tube assay is the primary detection method of antibody screening.Recently,erythrocyte-magnetized technology(EMT)has been increasingly used in clinical practice.This study intends to probe the application and efficacy of the conventional tube and EMT in red blood cell alloantibody titration to provide a reference for clinical blood transfusion.AIM To investigate the application value of conventional tube and EMT in red blood cell alloantibody titration and enhance the safety of blood transfusion practice.METHODS A total of 1298 blood samples were harvested from blood donors at the Department of Blood Transfusion of our hospital from March 2021 to December 2022.A 5 mL blood sample was collected in tubing,which was then cut,and the whole blood was put into a test tube for centrifugation to separate the serum.Different red blood cell blood group antibody titers were simultaneously detected using the tube polybrene test,tube antiglobulin test(AGT),and EMT screening irregular antibody methods to determine the best test method.RESULTS Simultaneous detection was performed through the tube polybrene test,tube AGT and EMT screening irregular antibodies.It was discovered that the EMT screening irregular antibody method could detect all immunoglobulin G(IgG)and immunoglobulin M(IgM)irregular antibodies,and the results of manual tube AGT were satisfactory,but the operation time was lengthy,and the equipment had a large footprint.The EMT screening irregular antibody assay was also conducted to determine its activity against type O Rh(D)red blood cells,and the outcomes were satisfactory.Furthermore,compared to the conventional tube method,the EMT screening irregular antibody method was more cost-effective and had significantly higher detection efficiency.CONCLUSION With a higher detection rate,the EMT screening irregular antibody method can detect both IgG and IgM irregular antibodies faster and more effectively than the conventional tube method.

MAP添加液对冰冻解冻去甘油红细胞保存的质量影响

目的观察冰冻解冻去甘油红细胞悬浮于MAP添加液中对保存效果的影响,探索最佳保存方式。方法本研究将采集后d 3的400 mL全血,离心制备成浓缩红细胞,使用ACP 215全自动血细胞仪,加入40%复方甘油溶液,置于-65℃超低温冰箱中保存30 d,解冻去甘油洗涤后,等量分离成两袋,以添加0.9%氯化钠溶液为对照组;添加MAP为实验组,两组保存于2~6℃冷藏条件下,分别于0、1、3、5、7、14 d取样检测血液学参数指标、溶血指标、细胞代谢指标,观察两组在14 d保存期内的质量变化情况。结果研究发现两组红细胞在解冻去甘油后6项质控项目包括容量、血红蛋白含量、游离血红蛋白含量、白细胞残留量、甘油残留量、无菌试验的检测值均符合《全血及成分血质量要求》(GB18469-2012);压积、红细胞计数、Hb洗涤后回收率、MCV符合《冰冻红细胞质量评价指标专家共识》检测限值,血小板残留量超过检测限值(≤1%);在14 d保存期内,两组的RBC、Hct、MCV和血红蛋白含量值无统计学意义;两组游离血红蛋白、溶血率和K+值随保存时间延长而增加,分别于3、5、7、14 d;3、5、7、14 d;14 d组间有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组红细胞渗透脆性于14 d组间有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组ATP、pH值随保存时间延长而下降,分别于3、5、7 d;1、3、5、7、14 d组间有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论悬浮于MAP添加液中的冰冻解冻去甘油红细胞可将血液保存期延长至7 d,本研究为相关标准的制定提供参考依据。

血细胞处理仪制备洗涤混合血小板及对生物活性的影响

目的建立血细胞处理仪(NGL-BBS)新程序制备洗涤混合血小板,与传统手工法比较对血小板生物活性的影响。方法用白膜法从无偿献血者捐献的全血中分离并制备混合浓缩血小板,分别采用血细胞处理仪(NGL-BBS)设定的新程序(观察组)和手工法(对照组)进行制备洗涤混合血小板,修改血细胞处理仪原洗涤红细胞程序参数建立新的洗涤血小板程序,具体参数如下:稀释量150 mL,洗涤量150 mL,稀释速度100 r/min,洗涤速度120 r/min。流式细胞术比较两组洗涤混合血小板的生物活化标志物CD62P和CD63的表达率,并使用血栓弹力图仪(TEG)测量和比较两组洗涤混合血小板的MA值。结果观察组洗涤混合血小板CD62P和CD63表达率均低于对照组(t=4.11,P<0.01;t=10.78,P<0.01);观察组血小板的血栓弹力图MA值显著大于对照组(t=6.67,P<0.01)。结论本研究建立的血细胞处理仪(NGL-BBS)制备洗涤混合血小板的方法对生物活性的影响明显小于手工制备法。

质量监测指标在血站实验室ABO血型检测中的应用

目的分析ABO血型检测相关质量监测指标情况及其变化趋势,探讨质量监测指标在血站实验室ABO血型检测过程中的作用。方法以该中心2012—2021年2733642例献血者标本为研究对象,分析2012—2021年ABO血型检测过程中相关质量监测指标,包括特殊血型检出率、标本血型与血液制剂血型不一致率、采血部门血型检测错误率、送检血型与确认结果符合率等,对数据进行整理和分析。结果2012—2021年2733642例献血者特殊血型检出率中位数为0.030%,各年度比较,差异有统计学意义(0.019%~0.051%;χ^(2)=75.612,P<0.01)。标本血型与血液制剂血型不一致率为0.04■,各年度比较,差异有统计学意义(0.00■~0.21■;χ^(2)=15.787,P<0.01),呈递减趋势(χ^(2)=11.178,P<0.01)。采血部门血型检测错误率为0.55?,各年度比较,差异有统计学意义(0.24■~0.77■;χ^(2)=18.247,P<0.05),呈递减趋势(χ^(2)=8.143,P<0.01)。送检血型与确认结果符合率为78.24%,各年度比较,差异无统计学意义(70.94%~84.71%,χ^(2)=11.993,P>0.05),未见明显趋势变化(χ^(2)=0.879,P>0.05)。结论血站实验室应使用质量监测指标对ABO血型检测进行持续监控和过程评价,确保实验室检测能力的有效性、稳定性,为血型检测过程管理持续改进提供数据依据。

2021—2022年广州地区献血人群ABO血型筛查结果分析

目的 了解广州地区无偿献血者ABO、RhD血型的分布情况,为保证临床用血安全和更好为献血者服务提供依据。方法 对2021年1月—2022年12月的无偿献血者进行常规ABO、RhD血型检测,统计分析ABO血型构成比,对ABO正反不一致血型、RhD初筛阴性的标本进行血型血清学确证,分析ABO亚型检出情况及漏检原因。结果 2021年1月—2022年12月共筛查献血者标本749 123份,剔除重复献血者后的标本513 291份,其中ABO血型分布为:O型208 126份(40.55%)、A型138 859份(27.05%)、B型130 987份(25.52%)、AB型35 319份(6.88%)。ABO血型初筛正反不一致506份,其中弱/无红细胞反应58份、额外的红细胞反应16份、弱/无血清反应215份、额外的血清反应217份;经血型血清学或分子生物学确认ABO亚型44份,其中A亚型13份、B亚型26份、AB亚型5份;B(A)3份;类孟买血型14份。重复献血者漏检率最高的血型是A_3/B_3类亚型(68.42%)。在513 291份标本中共检出意外抗体阳性128份;RhD血型初筛阴性共2 277份,其中RhD阴性确认2 188份[2 188/513 291(0.43%)],RhD变异型89份[89/513 291(0.02%)],合并检出意外抗体30份[30/2 188(1.37%)]。结论 广州地区献血人群ABO分布O>A>B>AB,RhD阴性人群占比为0.43%,略高于全国汉族人群0.3%~0.4%;ABO血型亚型以B亚型为主;A_3/B_3类亚型的检出率及在常规血型检验中漏检率最高。

为提升IPTR患者血小板输注后CCI值建立分级规避HLA抗体对应抗原方法及HLAMatchmaker的应用研究

目的:建立分级规避HLA抗体MFI阈值对应抗原方法,联合应用HLAMatchmaker表位计算法,选择供患者表位最小错配评分值,评估两种方法为免疫性血小板输注无效(Immune platelet transfusion refractoriness,IPTR)患者选择HLA相容性血小板供者,在提升血小板输注后校正增加值(CCI)的应用价值。方法:采用SPRCA法完成51例IPTR患者的7807次血小板交叉配型实验,判断其免疫反应阴/阳性结果。采用Luminex单抗原流式微珠法检测患者的HLA-I类抗体,获得不同特异性抗体对应HLA-I类抗原MFI值,并将其分组及分级,强阳性组(MFI>4000,1级)、中阳性组(1000中阳性组>弱阳性组)。强阳性和中阳性组与阴性对照组之间的SPRCA实验免疫反应阳性结果检出数存在统计学差异(P<0.001),弱阳性位组和阴性对照组之间的SPRCA实验免疫反应阳性结果检出数无统计学差异(P>0.05)。设置强阳性组为相应特异性HLA位点对应抗原1级规避阈值,中阳性组为2级规避阈值,弱阳性组为3级规避阈值,在供者血小板紧缺情况下,可以不需要规避弱阳性组。规避1和2级HLA-I类抗体对应供者抗原及选择HLAMatchmaker表位错配评分数≤7血小板供者策略,24 h内CCI值均>4.5×109/L,均可获得临床血小板输注有效。结论:在为IPTR患者选择HLA-I类相容性供者时,分级规避HLA-I类抗体对应供者抗原,综合选择供受者HLAMatchmaker表位错配评分数≤7,经血小板交叉配型实验确认为阴性结果的供者选择策略,对提升IPTR患者血小板计数具有一定实际应用价值。

4℃保存全血制备的去白细胞混合浓缩血小板体外质量评价

目的 探讨全血4℃冷藏条件下保存制备去白细胞混合浓缩血小板的可行性,为成分制备提供理论依据。方法 将采集的400 mL ACD-B抗凝全血随机分两组,分别进行4℃和室温保存,在保存后6 h内分离制备出白膜层,于22℃静置过夜保存,次日将白膜层汇集制备去白细胞混合浓缩血小板,于制备后d1、d3、d5、d7取样,进行血细胞计数及相关参数检测,测定pH、葡萄糖、乳酸含量反映代谢情况,检测血栓弹力图、血小板聚集率及PAC-1、CD62P反映血小板体外功能及活化情况,比较两组血小板差异。结果 随着保存时间的延长,两组去白细胞混合浓缩血小板计数逐渐下降,血小板分布宽度(PDW)、平均血小板体积(MPV)、大型血小板比例(P-LCR)均逐渐上升,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组去白细胞混合浓缩血小板pH、葡萄糖含量均逐渐降低,乳酸含量逐渐增高,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。血栓弹力图结果显示,反应血小板功能的MA值保存期内无显著性变化,且两组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。血小板聚集率随着保存时间的延长而逐渐降低,两组无统计学差异。血小板PAC-1及CD62P表达率随着保存时间的延长而逐渐升高,两组无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 全血4℃冷藏保存与室温保存6 h内制备的去白细胞混合浓缩血小板在体外计数、功能、活化方面无统计学差异,4℃冷藏6 h内的全血可考虑作为制备去白细胞混合浓缩血小板的起始血液。

基于血站管理信息系统的业务全流程监督管理体系构建

目的 血站管理者可以实时对血站全流程关键业务运行态势进行全流程掌握,实现对血站业务全流程的监督管理,提升业务工作效率和保障血液质量。方法 从编制依据、血站业务范围、岗位监督管理内容、总体框架设计、管理系统和监督管理界面设计、物理数据库设计、程序开发和上线调试等多个方面,建立业务全流程监督管理体系,并将其与血站管理信息系统进行对接,及时、全面地记录从采血到供血全过程的业务流程关键指标信息,通过手机APP的方式进行展示和管理,于2023年投入血站使用后对2023年和2022年总采集量、总制备量、总供应量,以及检验不合格报废率和非检验不合格报废率(不含乳糜)进行统计分析。结果 建立了基于血站管理信息系统的业务全流程监督管理体系的手机APP,实现了“移动办公”式监督管理,2023年正式投入使用后,2023年总采集量、总制备量和总供应量均高于2022年,分别增长5.88%(13 247/225 454 U)、4.73%(24 156/510 698 U)、6.70%(34 814/519 914 U),检验报废率(0.54%,2 868/534 854 U)显著低于2022年(0.60%,3 047/510 698 U)(P<0.01),非检验报废率(不含乳糜)(0.12%,649/534 854 U)显著低于2022年(0.19%,991/510 698 U)(P<0.01)。结论 基于血站管理信息系统的业务全流程监督管理体系的构建,可以满足血站不同管理者不限时间和地点的标准化管理服务需求,实现对业务全流程的监督管理,还可以持续提升血站业务工作和血站管理的规范化、科学化水平,保障血液资源供应。

过氧化氢雾化消毒机对血液运输车消毒效果的观察

目的 评估过氧化氢雾化消毒机对血液运输车车厢消毒效果。方法 采用过氧化氢雾化消毒机对车厢内部进行消毒,检测车厢内部自然环境空气菌落、嗜热脂肪杆菌(ATCC12980)芽孢菌片和车厢内左右两侧和靠近驾驶室内壁的中心点、车厢内部门把手位置、内置制冷机组四周中心的表面菌落数的检测,评价消毒效果。结果 消毒后车厢内部自然环境空气菌落和物体表面菌落数均合格且灭杀对数值均>1.00,嗜热脂肪杆菌(ATCC12980)芽孢菌片的灭杀率为100%,消毒后仅内门把手和内置制冷机组靠近驾驶室(前)检测到细菌,菌落中位数分别为4.21 CFU/cm^(2)(范围为0 CFU/cm^(2)~6.84 CFU/cm^(2))和6.84 CFU/cm^(2)(范围为0 CFU/cm^(2)~8.42 CFU/cm^(2)),其余检测位置均无菌生长。过氧化氢雾化消毒机人工操作时间的中位数为45 s(范围为40 s~51 s),常规消毒喷雾所需人工操作时间的中位数为610 s(范围为605 s~613 s)。结论 采用过氧化氢雾化消毒机消毒能满足空气菌落及车厢内部物体表面的消毒要求,提高工作效率,增加安全性。

2012—2022年广州地区抗-HIV阳性无偿献血者人群特征及趋势分析

目的调查2012—2022年广州地区无偿献血人群人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染的人群信息,分析其特征及趋势,为制定有针对性的防治措施提供数据支持,探讨新形势下保障用血安全的措施。方法采用2种酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)试剂和1种核酸检测(NAT)试剂对2012—2022年广州地区的无偿献血标本进行HIV抗原抗体检测和HIV RNA筛查,检出反应性的血液标本送至广州疾病预防控制中心进行抗-HIV确证实验(蛋白免疫印迹法),并对确证抗-HIV阳性的献血者进行人群特征分析。结果2012—2022年广州地区无偿献血人群共3351596份献血者标本。抗-HIV确证阳性有708份,总阳性率为21.12/10万,抗-HIV阳性率整体呈下降趋势(P<0.05)。其中:1)不同年龄段的抗-HIV阳性率由高到低依次是25~34岁组、35~44岁组、18~24岁组、≥45岁组(P<0.05);2)初次献血者抗-HIV阳性率(39.23/10万)显著高于重复献血者(10.78/10万)(P<0.05);3)男性献血者抗-HIV阳性率(30.45/10万)显著高于女性(3.46/10万)(P<0.05);4)个体献血者抗-HIV阳性率(32.18/10万)高于团体献血者(9.10/10万)(P<0.05)。结论2012—2022年广州地区无偿献血人群中,抗-HIV确证阳性率呈现逐年下降的趋势,与无偿献血及艾滋病预防系列政策落实呈显著正相关性。青年人群仍然是HIV高危人群集中区,应多渠道加强艾滋病预防知识的宣传教育。初次献血者的抗-HIV阳性率远高于重复献血者,建议进一步优化献血前的健康征询和体检过程,多措施筛查高危行为人群的献血行为。加强固定献血者的艾滋病预防等宣传教育,坚持从低危人群中招募献血者,并加强献血后保密性弃血途径告知工作。

河北省心血管外科围手术期用血现状的多中心回顾性研究

目的分析心血管外科围手术期用血现状及异体输血的影响因素,为围手术期血液管理提供参考。方法选取2019年-2020年河北省102家医院共772例主动脉瓣置换术(AVR)和冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)患者的临床资料,比较围手术期关键指标、不同血液成分、不同等级医院输血率和输血量的差异,并采用多元线性逐步回归模型分析围手术期异体输血的影响因素。结果2019年-2020年,河北省医院AVR患者异体输血率分别为93.3%和100.0%,CABG患者异体输血率分别为89.4%和90.2%,异体输血率普遍较高。输血概率与医院等级相关,围手术期出血量、手术时长等是影响输血总需求的主要风险因素。结论河北省各医院应建立多学科协同血液管理模式,实施患者血液管理策略,积极推进自体输血技术应用,改良手术方式;相关管理部门应开展临床用血评价与公示,促进各医院严格落实临床用血审核制度,为患者制订合理、科学的输血方案,以降低出血量和异体输血率,进而保障输血安全。