Anti-inflammatory Effects of Volatile Oil of Ocimum basilicum L. in Bozhou and Its Mechanisms

[Objectives] The research aimed to study the anti-inflammatory effects of volatile oil from Ocimum basilicum L. in Bozhou through the experimental animal model of inflammation.[Methods] Xylene-induced mouse ear swelling model and carrageenan-induced mouse paw swelling model were used to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of volatile oil from O. basilicum L.[Results] The extremely high, high, medium, and low doses of volatile oil from O. basilicum L. had a certain inhibitory effect on the ear swelling of mice induced by xylene ( P <0.05), and the inhibitory effect of high-dose group on the ear swelling of mice was better. The swollen degree of the mice s toes in the different dose groups of volatile oil from O. basilicum L. was significantly lower ( P <0.05), and the high-dose and middle-dose groups had better inhibition.[Conclusions] The volatile oil from O. basilicum L. in Bozhou had a significant inhibitory effect on xylene-induced mouse ear swelling and carrageenan-induced mouse paw swelling. It proved and clarified the anti-inflammatory effects of volatile oil from O. basilicum L. in Bozhou.

Strategies for Informatization Construction of Continuing Education Management in Higher Vocational Colleges:Taking Pharmacology Courses as an Example

In the era of rapid development of informatization,the informatization construction of national higher vocational colleges has been in the period of application deepening.China's education system is deepening to the development of mass education,and higher vocational colleges'adult continuing education plays a great role for the realization of education popularization.With the continuous expansion of continuing education enrollment scale,the diversified development of education mode,the higher complexity of continuing education management and the increase of management workload,the traditional management method has gradually become unapplicable.Higher vocational colleges can greatly improve the management level by promoting the informatization of education management according to their own professional or regional advantages.

Germplasm Resources and Quality Research of Three Species of Chrysanthemums in Bozhou

[Objective]The paper was to preliminarily study the pharmacognosy of three species of chrysanthemums cultivated in Bozhou,and to compare their similarities and differences.[Method]Organs of three species of chrysanthemum samples were dissected and made into integral slices,and surface morphology of each part was observed microscopically.Powder slices were developed in the same way and observed under a microscope.According to thin layer chromatography(TLC)test(Part I,Appendix VIB,2005 edition),2μL of sample solutions and reference solutions were absorbed respectively,and dripped on the same piece of silica gel G thin layer plate.With petroleum ether-acetone(2∶1)as the developing solvent,samples were developed and then dried.Slices were sprayed with chromogenic agent 2%aluminum trichloride,and examined under UV light at the wavelength of 365 nm.Whether fluorescent spots of the same color were displayed in the position corresponding to the chromatogram of reference solutions were observed.[Result]Non-glandular hairs were found in bract microstructures of three species of chrysanthemums.There were many T-shaped hairs and few multicellular sessile non-glandular hairs.The epidermal cell walls of bracts were parallel straight,and some were rectangular;stomas could be seen everywhere.Only Dendranthema morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Boju’cv.nov.and Dendranthema morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Da maya’cv.nov.displayed fluorescent spots of the same color in the position corresponding to the chromatogram of reference sample acacetin in TLC test,and the spots of D.morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Da maya’cv.nov.were light in color;there were no spots observed in Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.[Conclusion]The external characters,internal forms and internal components of D.morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Boju’cv.nov.,D.morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Da maya’cv.nov.and C.morifolium Ramat are all related to germplasm resources of chrysanthemum species.The contents of acacetin,one of the components of D.morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Boju’cv.nov.and D.morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Da maya’cv.nov.,remain to be further studied.

Research Status of Serum Pharmacology and Serum Pharmacochemistry of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Serum pharmacochemistry of traditional Chinese medicine has become a more accurate and rapidly developing reasonable way to analyze the effective material basis of traditional Chinese medicine in recent years. Through this method, we can select very complex Chinese medicine components and clarify the effective substances consistent with the main functions, and then separate and purify effective ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine, so as to explain the material basis of the drug effect and prove the rationality and principle of action of Chinese medicine compounds. It can show the multi-component and multi-target characteristic of traditional Chinese medicine, and after analyzing the migrating components of serum, we can explore the direct effective substances that act on the patient’s body, so as to accelerate and accurately complete the in-depth study of the effective substances of Chinese medicine.

Pharmacological Action and Research Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Liver Injury

According to the different types of liver damage,there should also be different Chinese medicine and dose for different degrees of treatment and protection.This paper studies the Chinese medicine treatment of different types of liver injury,and is expected to provide a reference for the further application of Chinese medicine in liver injury.

Review on the Chemical Composition and Pharmacological Action of Ocimum basilicum

Ocimum basilicum has a history of several thousand years,the plant resources are rich,and there are many kinds of chemical constituents and pharmacological activity. In the face of the human body,it has a broad role in many ways. O. basilicum has a long history of folk application and research,and very high officinal,edible and economic value. Combining with modern analysis and detection technology,the effective parts of O. basilicum are studied and utilized. The discovery of new drugs will have important practical significance for the development and application of O. basilicum.

Extraction Process of Basil Essential Oil by Steam Distillation

[Objectives] To optimize volatile oil extraction from Ocimum basilicum with the water vapor distillation. [Methods] An orthogonal design was carried out to determine the volume of volatile oil by 3 factors: the immersion time, distillation time, amount of water. The ratio of the oil in inclusion complex was used to evaluate the technology based on the orthogonal design. [Results] The best volatile oil extraction condition was to add 400 mL of water into the mixture of crude drugs, and to extract the herbal medicine for 2 h with advanced soaking for 6 h with water. [Conclusions] The process is stable, reasonable, and feasible.

Effects of Panax Notoginseng Saponin on the Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor after the Brain Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Rats

Objective： To observe effects of Panax Notoginseng Saponin （PSN） on the expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor （VEGF） after the brain ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods： 48 SD rats had been randomly divided into 4 groups： the sham operation group, the model group, Panax Notoginseng Saponin （PNS） group and Nimodipine group （n=12） . The rats had been treated with PNS, and 7 days later the rat focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion models had been pre- pared. Neurobehavioral scores （NBS） had been evaluated in each group, TTC staining observed; the immunohistochemistry was used to observe VEGF and mRNA expressions. Results： PNS could not only improve significantly neurobehavioral scores and decrease dramatically cerebral infarct volume, but also increase remarkably VEGF and mRNA expression levels. Conclusion： The PNS is beneficial for rehabilitation after cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury via effectively up-regulating the injured cor- tical VEGF mRNA expression concentrations, which promotes vascular reborn in the ischemic region.

Optimal Method of Extraction Process of Flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba

[Objectives] To optimize the extraction of total flavone in folium Ginkgo biloba leaves.[Methods] Using the ultrasonic extraction method, the three levels of maximum impact were selected by each factor selection, and the optimal extraction technology was obtained by box-benhnken test design analysis.[Results] After analyzing the results, the optimal process was as follows: a time of 28.89 min and liquid/material ratio of 31.38∶ 1, the temperature was 40.74℃. In this way, NaNO 2-Al (NO 3) 3-NaOH was used as color developing agent, and the theoretical extraction of flavone in ginkgo leaf can reach 11.74 mg/g.[Conclusions] This method can be used to extract total flavonoids from G. biloba leaves with simple operation, low cost and good repeatability.

The Application of Biotechnology in Medicinal Plants Breeding Research in China

Breeding is not only an important area of medicinal plants research but also the foundation for the superior varieties acquirement of medicinal plants.The rise of modern biotechnology provides good opportunities and new means for medicinal plants breeding research in China.Biotechnology shows its technical advantages and new development prospects in breeding of new medicinal plants varieties with high and stable yield,good quality,as well as stress-resistance.In this paper,we describe recent advances,problems,and development prospects about the application of modern biotechnology in medicinal plants breeding research in China.

Autotetraploidy induced in Nianmaohuangqin (Radix Scutellariae viscidulae) with colchicine in vitro

OBJECTIVE:To establish and optimize the propagation of Nianmaohuangqin(Radix Scutellariae Viscidulae) and induce and characterize polyploidy of Nianmaohuangqin(RadixScutellariaeViscidulae).METHODS: Buds from germinating seed-derived explants were induced by tissue culture. With an orthogonal test, different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine(BAP), indole-3-acetic acid(IAA) and kinetin(KT) were used to determine the optimal concentrations for the propagation of Nianmaohuangqin(Radix Scutellariae Viscidulae). The different concentrations of IAA and rooting powder(ABT) were used to induce rooting. A 0.3% w/v colchicine solution was used to induce polyploidy and the induced buds was identified by root-tip chro-mosome determination and stomatal apparatus observation.RESULTS: A large number of buds could be induced directly from epicotyl and hypocotyl explants on Murashige and Skoog(MS)(Murashige and Skoog 1962) medium supplemented with1.1-1.3 mg/L BAP and 0.2 mg/L IAA. Root induction anddevelopmentcouldbeobservedwithin20 days of inoculation on 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L IAA and 0.1 mg/L ABT. Furthermore,27 lines of autotetraploid individuals were obtained with a plantlet chromosome number of 2n=4x=36.CONCLUSION: Autotetraploid lines could be obtained through induction with colchicine in vitro,proving that this method might be used for plant selection and breeding.